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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Thiazole Picric acid CT complex 99066-95-2 C3H3NS*C6H3N3O7
    Thiazole Picric acid CT complex
    —— N<sup>1</sup>-4-methylbenzylidene-N<sup>2</sup>-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene]hydrazine 1380075-14-8 C24H19N3O4S
    N<sup>1</sup>-4-methylbenzylidene-N<sup>2</sup>-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene]hydrazine
    —— 2-n-Decylamino-5-nitrophenol 25936-07-6 C16H26N2O3
    2-n-Decylamino-5-nitrophenol
    —— tert-butyl [(Z)-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino] {[2-hydroxy-2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}methylidene]carbamate 1427086-96-1 C19H28BrN3O6
    tert-butyl [(Z)-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino] {[2-hydroxy-2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}methylidene]carbamate
    —— 2-(Diisobutylaminomethyl)-4-methoxyphenol 23562-81-4 C16H27NO2
    2-(Diisobutylaminomethyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-Methyl-2,6-bis[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]phenol 581103-40-4 C17H20N4O
    4-Methyl-2,6-bis[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]phenol
    —— 2-Diethylamino-4-nitro-5-chloro-phenol 56024-95-4 C10H13ClN2O3
    2-Diethylamino-4-nitro-5-chloro-phenol
    —— N-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-3,4-dimethoxybenzamide 394687-28-6 C16H15N3O6
    N-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-3,4-dimethoxybenzamide
    —— 5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride 132658-03-8 C6H3BrClNO5S
    5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride
    —— 2-methoxy-5-<<(4-methylphenyl)imino>methyl>phenol 115095-33-5 C15H15NO2
    2-methoxy-5-<<(4-methylphenyl)imino>methyl>phenol
    —— 5-(Aethylamino)-methyl-4-methylcatechol 69125-84-4 C10H15NO2
    5-(Aethylamino)-methyl-4-methylcatechol
    —— 2-(2'-Hydroxy-3',5'-diiodphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol 31822-08-9 C8H4I2N2O2
    2-(2'-Hydroxy-3',5'-diiodphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol
    —— 2,8,14,20-tetrapropylpentacyclo<19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19>octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 118600-18-3 C40H48O8
    2,8,14,20-tetrapropylpentacyclo<19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19>octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 4-chlorophen-2,6-d2-ol 124286-03-9 C6H5ClO
    4-chlorophen-2,6-d2-ol
    —— (E)-2-(4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)but-3-enyl)-6-methoxyphenol 1325228-86-1 C17H18O3
    (E)-2-(4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)but-3-enyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl-2,6-diallylphenol 92863-22-4 C14H18O
    3,5-Dimethyl-2,6-diallylphenol
    —— 1,4-bis(((2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazono)methyl)benzene 36604-01-0 C22H18N4O2
    1,4-bis(((2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazono)methyl)benzene
    —— 2-Chloro-N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-acetamide 908863-01-4 C8H6Cl2N2O4
    2-Chloro-N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-acetamide
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-trimesinaldehyd 34374-85-1 C11H10O6
    2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-trimesinaldehyd
    —— 4-Carbamimidoylmercapto-1,3-dihydroxy-benzol 14665-48-6 C7H8N2O2S
    4-Carbamimidoylmercapto-1,3-dihydroxy-benzol
    —— 4-((S)-((tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl)oxy)((2S)-1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl)phenol 1007109-93-4 C19H33NO2Si
    4-((S)-((tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl)oxy)((2S)-1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl)phenol
    —— 51084-51-6 C11H12BrN3O3S
    —— 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3-diol compound with 1-isopropyl-1-methyl-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-l4-sulfanimine (1:1) 103375-93-5 C6H3N3O8*C9H14N2S
    2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3-diol compound with 1-isopropyl-1-methyl-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-l4-sulfanimine (1:1)
    —— (-)-(1S,3S,6S)-6-dimethylaminomethyl-1-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-diol hydrochloride 187220-11-7 C15H23NO3*ClH
    (-)-(1S,3S,6S)-6-dimethylaminomethyl-1-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-diol hydrochloride
    —— (S)-8-Amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol hydrobromide 152356-41-7 BrH*C11H15NO
    (S)-8-Amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol hydrobromide
    —— 3-methyl-2,6-dipentylphenol 116405-66-4 C17H28O
    3-methyl-2,6-dipentylphenol
    —— 15,75-dibromo-35,55-dimethyl-1,3,5,7(1,3),9(1,4)-pentabenzenacyclodecaphane-12,32,52,72-tetraol 193905-96-3 C37H32Br2O4
    15,75-dibromo-35,55-dimethyl-1,3,5,7(1,3),9(1,4)-pentabenzenacyclodecaphane-12,32,52,72-tetraol
    —— dimethyl (3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate 1448439-16-4 C11H15O5P
    dimethyl (3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate
    —— 3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl sulfone 37460-58-5 C12H4N6O15S
    3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl sulfone
    —— 41648-22-0 C17H18Cl2N2O2
    —— 6-[(Cyclopropylamino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one--copper (2/1) 7227-43-2 C20H22CuN2O2
    6-[(Cyclopropylamino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one--copper (2/1)
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-methyl-6-[(Z)-methyliminomethyl]-phenol 73822-22-7 C10H13NO2
    2-Methoxy-4-methyl-6-[(Z)-methyliminomethyl]-phenol
    —— 3-((Ξ)-3,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-5-methyl-3<i>H</i>-furan-2-one 38711-14-7 C12H10O4
    3-((Ξ)-3,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-5-methyl-3<i>H</i>-furan-2-one
    —— [Cu(7,16-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane(-2H))] 503270-28-8 C28H38CuN4O10
    [Cu(7,16-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane(-2H))]
    —— Orcilaldehyde-p-chloroanil 21236-23-7 C14H12ClNO2
    Orcilaldehyde-p-chloroanil
    —— N,N'-bis(5-chloro-salicylidene)(N''-(2-amino-ethyl)-ethane)-1,4-diamine 257299-54-0 C18H19Cl2N3O2
    N,N'-bis(5-chloro-salicylidene)(N''-(2-amino-ethyl)-ethane)-1,4-diamine
    —— 5-cyclopentoxyresorcinol 861889-75-0 C11H14O3
    5-cyclopentoxyresorcinol
    —— 4,4'-nonanediyl-di-pyrocatechol 94963-08-3 C21H28O4
    4,4'-nonanediyl-di-pyrocatechol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-butane 140131-29-9 C17H20O2
    2-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-butane
    —— p-(Aethoxy-dimethylsilyl)-phenol 38050-00-9 C10H16O2Si
    p-(Aethoxy-dimethylsilyl)-phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone 7410-42-6 C8H8N4O3S
    2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone
    —— 3-tert-butyl-1-(4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosyl)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzene 125365-06-2 C21H28O7
    3-tert-butyl-1-(4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosyl)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzene
    —— 2-(Bis-ethylsulfanyl-methyl)-phenol 18268-04-7 C11H16OS2
    2-(Bis-ethylsulfanyl-methyl)-phenol
    —— methyl 7β-salicylideneamino-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate 1R-(α)-oxide 123524-91-4 C16H16N2O5S
    methyl 7β-salicylideneamino-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate 1R-(α)-oxide
    —— 2-[(2-cyclohexyl-6-methylphenylimino)methyl]phenol 1072934-03-2 C20H23NO
    2-[(2-cyclohexyl-6-methylphenylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— 2,6-Bis-(3-methyl-butyl)-phenol 116374-99-3 C16H26O
    2,6-Bis-(3-methyl-butyl)-phenol
    —— 2-chloro-3,4-dimethoxy-6-(phenylethynyl)phenol 108213-23-6 C16H13ClO3
    2-chloro-3,4-dimethoxy-6-(phenylethynyl)phenol
    —— (2E)-2-(2,2-dichloroacetyl)oxyimino-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid 61561-45-3 C11H9Cl2NO6
    (2E)-2-(2,2-dichloroacetyl)oxyimino-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— Tetramethyl-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylthio)-methylendiphosphonat 66299-95-4 C11H17NO9P2S
    Tetramethyl-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylthio)-methylendiphosphonat
    —— α-(1-Methyl-propyl)-malonsaeure-di-(4-hydroxy-benzyliden)-hydrazid 26878-84-2 C21H24N4O4
    α-(1-Methyl-propyl)-malonsaeure-di-(4-hydroxy-benzyliden)-hydrazid