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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1261033-90-2 C11H15NO4S
    —— 1390619-64-3 C13H19NO2
    —— α-Hydroxylamino-o-hydroxybenzyl-phosphinsaeure 24073-65-2 C7H10NO4P
    α-Hydroxylamino-o-hydroxybenzyl-phosphinsaeure
    —— 4-((6-(2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl)pyridin-3-yl)ethynyl)phenol 1581280-68-3 C25H15F4N3O2
    4-((6-(2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl)pyridin-3-yl)ethynyl)phenol
    —— 2,5-di-butyl-4-[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230389-02-2 C23H34OSSi
    2,5-di-butyl-4-[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro[1,4]thiazino[4,3-d][1,2,4]triazin-1(2H)-one 590404-25-4 C12H11N3O2S
    4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro[1,4]thiazino[4,3-d][1,2,4]triazin-1(2H)-one
    —— 2-bromo-5-(4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-benzene-1,3-diol 24207-31-6 C9H8BrNO3
    2-bromo-5-(4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-tert-butyl-6-([[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](2-hydroxybenzyl)amino]methyl)-4-methoxylphenol 1236146-87-4 C23H34N2O3
    2-tert-butyl-6-([[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](2-hydroxybenzyl)amino]methyl)-4-methoxylphenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-thiobenzoic acid anilide 116138-60-4 C14H13NOS
    2-hydroxy-5-methyl-thiobenzoic acid anilide
    —— 1,1-Dibutyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-thiourea 78720-33-9 C15H23N3O3S
    1,1-Dibutyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-thiourea
    —— 4,4'-[6-(Allyl-2-ethyl-hexyl-amino)-s-triazine-2,4-diyl]-diresorcinol 192947-38-9 C26H32N4O4
    4,4'-[6-(Allyl-2-ethyl-hexyl-amino)-s-triazine-2,4-diyl]-diresorcinol
    —— N-[(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)methyl]-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]formamide 365572-17-4 C18H21NO4
    N-[(5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)methyl]-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]formamide
    —— 6-amino-2,4-dihydro-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile 1235990-58-5 C15H14N4O2
    6-amino-2,4-dihydro-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile
    —— 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,4-pentadienoic acid 110501-70-7 C11H10O4
    5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2,4-pentadienoic acid
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(Z)-1-imidazol-1-ylprop-1-enyl]phenol 108649-48-5 C12H11ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(Z)-1-imidazol-1-ylprop-1-enyl]phenol
    —— 5-Methyl-2,4-diethinylphenol 32229-04-2 C11H8O
    5-Methyl-2,4-diethinylphenol
    —— 5-dimethylaminomethyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde ; hydrochloride 103797-77-9 C11H15NO3*ClH
    5-dimethylaminomethyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde ; hydrochloride
    —— (4R)-4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-hydroxy-butan-2-one 1162642-09-2 C10H11BrO3
    (4R)-4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-hydroxy-butan-2-one
    —— (4R)-4-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-hydroxy-butan-2-one 1162642-05-8 C10H11FO3
    (4R)-4-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-hydroxy-butan-2-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylthiazolidine-2-thione 1398409-65-8 C11H13NO3S2
    4-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylthiazolidine-2-thione
    —— 3-(3,4,5,6-Tetrachlor-2-hydroxy-phenyl-hydrazono)-pentandion-(2,4) 21099-38-7 C11H8Cl4N2O3
    3-(3,4,5,6-Tetrachlor-2-hydroxy-phenyl-hydrazono)-pentandion-(2,4)
    —— N-(4-bromophenyl)-4-[(2E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazino]-4-oxobutanamide 302909-93-9 C18H18BrN3O4
    N-(4-bromophenyl)-4-[(2E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazino]-4-oxobutanamide
    —— Tetradecyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenecarboximidate;hydrochloride 5447-03-0 C22H38ClNO3
    Tetradecyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenecarboximidate;hydrochloride
    —— 2,5-di-ethyl-4-[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230389-58-8 C19H26OSSi
    2,5-di-ethyl-4-[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propylnonyl)-phenol 17473-39-1 C18H28N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propylnonyl)-phenol
    —— 7-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyl)-1,3-dimethoxy-8-methyl-6-phenethyl-5,6-dihydro-naphthalen-2-ol 135086-28-1 C27H38O3Si
    7-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyl)-1,3-dimethoxy-8-methyl-6-phenethyl-5,6-dihydro-naphthalen-2-ol
    —— Einecs 287-267-9 85455-32-9 C24H37CrN4O11S+
    Einecs 287-267-9
    —— 25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-2,8,14,20-tetrathiapentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-r-2,c-8,c-14,t-20-tetraone 351345-71-6 C40H48O8S4
    25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-2,8,14,20-tetrathiapentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-r-2,c-8,c-14,t-20-tetraone
    —— 6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-7H-thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazin-7-one 1529781-53-0 C19H15N3O3S
    6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-7H-thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazin-7-one
    —— N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzamide hydrochloride 1196131-90-4 C9H11N3O4*ClH
    N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzamide hydrochloride
    —— potassium 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-5-(6-methoxy-3-methyl-6-oxohex-2-en-1-yl)-6-methylphenyl sulfate 95233-50-4 C17H23O9S*K
    potassium 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-5-(6-methoxy-3-methyl-6-oxohex-2-en-1-yl)-6-methylphenyl sulfate
    —— 4-(((3,5-Dimethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 303092-71-9 C13H16N4O3
    4-(((3,5-Dimethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— meso-3,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1,6-bis(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)-2,5-diazahexa-1,5-diene 1382482-46-3 C30H26F2N2O4
    meso-3,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1,6-bis(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)-2,5-diazahexa-1,5-diene
    —— 4-(2-Chloro-3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile 853313-96-9 C15H12ClN3O
    4-(2-Chloro-3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile
    —— 1-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-3-octadecylthiourea 7399-43-1 C26H44N4O3S
    1-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-3-octadecylthiourea
    —— 4-[(4-tert-butyl-cyclohexylamino)methyl]benzene-1,3-diol 1443121-72-9 C17H27NO2
    4-[(4-tert-butyl-cyclohexylamino)methyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 1-[(Z)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-[(E)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea 6344-97-4 C15H14N4O4S
    1-[(Z)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-[(E)-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— (E,E)-4-amino-3-cyano-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methoxy-2-azabutadiene 126210-95-5 C11H11N3O2
    (E,E)-4-amino-3-cyano-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methoxy-2-azabutadiene
    —— 3-(1-(mesitylimino)ethyl)phenol 1318024-70-2 C17H19NO
    3-(1-(mesitylimino)ethyl)phenol
    —— 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonylmethyl)phenol 1447123-23-0 C8H9FO3S
    2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonylmethyl)phenol
    —— 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenylisothiazole 1616870-23-5 C15H11NOS
    5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenylisothiazole
    —— 1,4-bis[5,6-(4,4'-dihydroxy)-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl]benzene 869081-35-6 C36H24N6O4
    1,4-bis[5,6-(4,4'-dihydroxy)-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl]benzene
    —— 2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehyd-thiosemicarbazon 18965-07-6 C13H19N3O2S
    2,4-Dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-benzaldehyd-thiosemicarbazon
    —— Benzene-1,2-diol; compound with piperazine 940-87-4 C4H10N2*C6H6O2
    Benzene-1,2-diol; compound with piperazine
    —— [2-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-oxo-cyclopent-1-enyl]-acetic acid 52541-97-6 C14H14O5
    [2-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-oxo-cyclopent-1-enyl]-acetic acid
    —— 2-[(2-Butenoxyimino)methyl]-4-chlorophenol 103743-06-2 C11H12ClNO2
    2-[(2-Butenoxyimino)methyl]-4-chlorophenol
    —— 82056-99-3 C26H34Cl3N2O3W
    —— Orcilaldehyd 4-methylthiosemicarbazon 19851-16-2 C10H13N3O2S
    Orcilaldehyd 4-methylthiosemicarbazon
    —— 2,3,5-trimethyl-4-[(triethylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230389-80-6 C16H28OSSi
    2,3,5-trimethyl-4-[(triethylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)benzaldehyde 834884-98-9 C13H17NO4
    2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)benzaldehyde