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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-1-methyl-l4-sulfanimine compound with picric acid (1:1) 103375-88-8 C6H3N3O7*C10H14FNS
    N-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-1-methyl-l4-sulfanimine compound with picric acid (1:1)
    —— 2-(3-Benzyloxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-N-[2-(3-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-acetamide 28610-47-1 C31H31NO5
    2-(3-Benzyloxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-N-[2-(3-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-acetamide
    —— tetraaquabis(p-nitrosalicylato)cobalt(II) 186966-63-2 C14H16CoN2O14
    tetraaquabis(p-nitrosalicylato)cobalt(II)
    —— 3,3'-((1,4-phenylenebis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(benzene-1,2-diol) 303216-29-7 C20H16N2O4
    3,3'-((1,4-phenylenebis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(benzene-1,2-diol)
    —— N-benzyl-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)methacrylamide 1612841-35-6 C18H19NO2
    N-benzyl-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)methacrylamide
    —— 4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-((4-methoxycyclohexyl)methyl)-5-propionyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one 1224684-12-1 C21H27ClN2O4
    4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-((4-methoxycyclohexyl)methyl)-5-propionyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one
    —— 2-[1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-(2,6-dimethyl-pyridin-4-yl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-one 1567848-39-8 C21H19N3O4S
    2-[1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-(2,6-dimethyl-pyridin-4-yl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-one
    —— 2,4-Dimethoxybenzene-1,3-diol 3904-12-9 C8H10O4
    2,4-Dimethoxybenzene-1,3-diol
    —— di(hex-2-en-1-yl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-80-9 C30H36O6
    di(hex-2-en-1-yl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— 3-chloro-2,4,5,6-tetrabromophenol 87504-69-6 C6HBr4ClO
    3-chloro-2,4,5,6-tetrabromophenol
    —— 2-Methansulfonylamidomethyl-4-nitro-phenol 5804-37-5 C8H10N2O5S
    2-Methansulfonylamidomethyl-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-4-thiocyanatophenol 91132-50-2 C11H13NOS
    2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-4-thiocyanatophenol
    —— 4-[(6-phenylamino-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl)-hydrazono-methyl]-benzene-1,3-diol 851660-64-5 C17H13N7O3
    4-[(6-phenylamino-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl)-hydrazono-methyl]-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 97921-55-6 C20H32N2O3
    —— 3-allyloxycarbonyloxy-5-methoxyphenol 140410-40-8 C11H12O5
    3-allyloxycarbonyloxy-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-1-(2-methyl-cyclohexen-(1)-yl)-benzene 861010-95-9 C13H16O
    4-hydroxy-1-(2-methyl-cyclohexen-(1)-yl)-benzene
    —— 1-(2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(1-indol-3-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one 33268-78-9 C19H17NO4
    1-(2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(1-indol-3-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one
    —— thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2-(2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzylidenehydrazone) 120746-83-0 C10H8N4O4S
    thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2-(2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzylidenehydrazone)
    —— 917567-29-4 C16H14O7
    —— 5-methylsalicyl-aldehydeethanesulfonylhydrazone 1210843-94-9 C10H14N2O3S
    5-methylsalicyl-aldehydeethanesulfonylhydrazone
    —— 3-<3,4-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)phenyl>-5-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)isoxazole 169693-89-4 C27H39NO5Si2
    3-<3,4-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)phenyl>-5-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)isoxazole
    —— (((1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)amino)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)phosphonic acid 1133926-78-9 C9H10N3O4PS
    (((1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)amino)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)phosphonic acid
    —— N.N-dimethyl-isopicramic acid 871900-49-1 C8H9N3O5
    N.N-dimethyl-isopicramic acid
    —— 2,2'-(6-benzyl-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diyl)-bis-phenol 5270-13-3 C22H17N3O2
    2,2'-(6-benzyl-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diyl)-bis-phenol
    —— 2-Cyclohexen-1-yl-6-methylphenol 63953-18-4 C13H16O
    2-Cyclohexen-1-yl-6-methylphenol
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-propanol-(1) 90926-12-8 C10H14O2
    2-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-propanol-(1)
    —— 2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)vinylisocyanide 113093-48-4 C9H7NO2
    2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)vinylisocyanide
    —— 4-Ethoxy-3-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde 81805-99-4 C10H12O4
    4-Ethoxy-3-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 5-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1251485-60-5 C15H11FN2O3
    5-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,6-Difluoro-3-iodophenol 2091451-98-6 C6H3F2IO
    2,6-Difluoro-3-iodophenol
    —— N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,4-phenylenedimethanamine 51473-58-6 C22H20N2O2
    N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,4-phenylenedimethanamine
    —— 3-Chloro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxyphenol 796120-55-3 C8H9ClO3
    3-Chloro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— [[Pd(C(O)C6H4OH-2)I(N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine)] 773887-48-2 C13H21IN2O2Pd
    [[Pd(C(O)C6H4OH-2)I(N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine)]
    —— 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-[(E)-3-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-propenyl]-phenol 84701-00-8 C18H20O5
    2,6-Dimethoxy-4-[(E)-3-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-propenyl]-phenol
    —— 3-nitro-2-[oxido(oxo)(15N)(15N)azaniumyl]phenol 136833-53-9 C6H4N2O5
    3-nitro-2-[oxido(oxo)(15N)(15N)azaniumyl]phenol
    —— potassium 3-(10-acetoxydecyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-2-methylphenyl sulfate 95233-60-6 C21H33O9S*K
    potassium 3-(10-acetoxydecyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-2-methylphenyl sulfate
    —— N,N'-bis(5-bromosalicylidene)propane-1,3-diamine 86808-52-8 C17H16Br2N2O2
    N,N'-bis(5-bromosalicylidene)propane-1,3-diamine
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-tetrahydro-thiophenium; chloride 83329-92-4 C11H15OS*Cl
    1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-tetrahydro-thiophenium; chloride
    —— 1304095-45-1 C18H17N3O3
    —— 3-chloro-5-(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy)pyridine 1185999-52-3 C15H16ClNO3
    3-chloro-5-(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy)pyridine
    —— 3,5,6-Trichloro-4-[2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid 5679-35-6 C14H10Cl3N3O4
    3,5,6-Trichloro-4-[2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 5-cyclohex-1-enyl-3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propyl)-1,5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-one 1024608-14-7 C22H25N3O3
    5-cyclohex-1-enyl-3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propyl)-1,5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-one
    —— 4-(4-Methylhexyl)phenol 1139800-98-8 C13H20O
    4-(4-Methylhexyl)phenol
    —— tert-butyl N-[benzenesulfonyl-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]carbamate 1315570-80-9 C19H23NO6S
    tert-butyl N-[benzenesulfonyl-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]carbamate
    —— β-<3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl>-propionitril 54673-11-9 C10H11NO2
    β-<3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl>-propionitril
    —— N-(2-thioethyl)-2-hydroxyacetophenoneimine 58199-71-6 C10H13NOS
    N-(2-thioethyl)-2-hydroxyacetophenoneimine
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-3-nitro-5-chlor-phenyl-hydrazono)-3-methylimino-buttersaeureaethylester 5352-20-5 C13H15ClN4O5
    2-(2-Hydroxy-3-nitro-5-chlor-phenyl-hydrazono)-3-methylimino-buttersaeureaethylester
    —— 2,6-bis(chloromethyl)-4-methoxyphenol 353446-74-9 C9H10Cl2O2
    2,6-bis(chloromethyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 3,9,15,21,27-pentatert-butyl-32-ethenyl-32-methyl-31,33-dioxa-32-silaheptacyclo[27.5.1.17,11.113,17.119,23.05,34.025,30]octatriaconta-1,3,5(34),7,9,11(38),13,15,17(37),19(36),20,22,25(30),26,28-pentadecaene-36,37,38-triol 1192283-07-0 C58H74O5Si
    3,9,15,21,27-pentatert-butyl-32-ethenyl-32-methyl-31,33-dioxa-32-silaheptacyclo[27.5.1.17,11.113,17.119,23.05,34.025,30]octatriaconta-1,3,5(34),7,9,11(38),13,15,17(37),19(36),20,22,25(30),26,28-pentadecaene-36,37,38-triol
    —— trans-4-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)cyclohexancarbonsaeure-methylester 152427-65-1 C14H18O4
    trans-4-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)cyclohexancarbonsaeure-methylester