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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-N-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)propan-2-yl)butanamide 1620051-11-7 C18H21N3O4
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-N-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)propan-2-yl)butanamide
    —— 6,14-Di-tert-butyl-tricyclo[10.3.1.1<sup>4,8</sup>]heptadeca-1(16),4(17),5,7,12,14-hexaene-16,17-diol 142838-69-5 C25H34O2
    6,14-Di-tert-butyl-tricyclo[10.3.1.1<sup>4,8</sup>]heptadeca-1(16),4(17),5,7,12,14-hexaene-16,17-diol
    —— 2-(2-methoxy-5-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(5-nitro-2-furyl)ethylene 81684-65-3 C13H11NO5
    2-(2-methoxy-5-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(5-nitro-2-furyl)ethylene
    —— p-Chlorphenol, Tetrahydrofuran 70782-47-7 C4H8O*C6H5ClO
    p-Chlorphenol, Tetrahydrofuran
    —— N,N-Diisopropyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-(2-thienyl)propanamine hydrochloride 214601-01-1 C20H29NOS*ClH
    N,N-Diisopropyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-(2-thienyl)propanamine hydrochloride
    —— (E)-2-(5-hydroxy-3-methylpent-3-enyl)-3-methoxy-5-methylphenol 783332-51-4 C14H20O3
    (E)-2-(5-hydroxy-3-methylpent-3-enyl)-3-methoxy-5-methylphenol
    —— N,N-diethyl-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethanethioamide 1519064-71-1 C12H17NOS
    N,N-diethyl-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethanethioamide
    —— 3-bromo-5-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl-phenol 909854-23-5 C9H9BrO3
    3-bromo-5-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl-phenol
    —— 2,5-dihydroxyphenyl 4-N-piperidinobutyl sulfide hydrochloride 123192-53-0 C15H23NO2S*ClH
    2,5-dihydroxyphenyl 4-N-piperidinobutyl sulfide hydrochloride
    —— 1311273-02-5 C20H18N4O6
    —— 4-{1-[(Z)-Cyclohexylimino]-ethyl}-phenol 34921-33-0 C14H19NO
    4-{1-[(Z)-Cyclohexylimino]-ethyl}-phenol
    —— Phenol, 2,6-diethyl-4-[(7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctyl)oxy]- 1099470-30-0 C20H34O3
    Phenol, 2,6-diethyl-4-[(7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctyl)oxy]-
    —— 3',4',5'-trihydroxy-4-benzyltetrahydro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-furanone 132996-30-6 C15H20O5
    3',4',5'-trihydroxy-4-benzyltetrahydro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-furanone
    —— 2-[C-methyl-N-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)carbonimidoyl]phenol 211100-53-7 C16H13N3OS
    2-[C-methyl-N-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)carbonimidoyl]phenol
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-N-(1,3,4-trimethyl-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-b)pyridin-6-yl)-2-furohydrozide 637013-29-7 C23H25N5O5
    5-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-N-(1,3,4-trimethyl-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-b)pyridin-6-yl)-2-furohydrozide
    —— [Cu(N,N'-bis(4-hydroxysalicylidene)phenylene-1,2-diamine)] 106621-26-5 C20H14CuN2O4
    [Cu(N,N'-bis(4-hydroxysalicylidene)phenylene-1,2-diamine)]
    —— <4-Hydroxy-phenyl>-thiazolyl-(2)-carbinol 1079-61-4 C10H9NO2S
    <4-Hydroxy-phenyl>-thiazolyl-(2)-carbinol
    —— 6-Hydroxy-2-<1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylidenhydrazino>-4-methyl-pyrimidin 92023-92-2 C13H14N4O2
    6-Hydroxy-2-<1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylidenhydrazino>-4-methyl-pyrimidin
    —— 2-(di(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-4-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)phenol 1384934-98-8 C29H21N5O3
    2-(di(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-4-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)phenol
    —— 5-amino-2-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol 1161025-14-4 C12H17NO
    5-amino-2-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-allyl-3-chloro-6-methoxy-phenol 854706-67-5 C10H11ClO2
    2-allyl-3-chloro-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— N-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-benzenecarbothioamide 1132646-13-9 C14H12ClNOS
    N-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-benzenecarbothioamide
    —— N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-benzenecarbothioamide 1132646-10-6 C14H12FNOS
    N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxy-benzenecarbothioamide
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenol 2491-98-7 C14H8Cl2N2O3
    4-Chloro-2-[5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(3-Butenoxyimino)methyl]-4-chlorophenol 103742-90-1 C11H12ClNO2
    2-[(3-Butenoxyimino)methyl]-4-chlorophenol
    —— 3-(3-fluorobenzylidene)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one 1620205-18-6 C20H17FO3S
    3-(3-fluorobenzylidene)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one
    —— [[2-[(3-Bromo-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]hydrazinyl]-pyridin-2-ylmethylidene]-pyridin-1-ium-2-ylazanium 6747-40-6 C18H16BrN5O+2
    [[2-[(3-Bromo-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]hydrazinyl]-pyridin-2-ylmethylidene]-pyridin-1-ium-2-ylazanium
    —— 5-(6-Methyl-heptyl)-benzene-1,3-diol 220170-20-7 C14H22O2
    5-(6-Methyl-heptyl)-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2,4,6-Trimethyl-3,5-bis-tetradecylsulfanylmethyl-phenol 23500-84-7 C39H72OS2
    2,4,6-Trimethyl-3,5-bis-tetradecylsulfanylmethyl-phenol
    —— 2,3-Dimethyl-6-dimethylaminomethylphenol-hydrochlorid 75393-70-3 C11H17NO*ClH
    2,3-Dimethyl-6-dimethylaminomethylphenol-hydrochlorid
    —— 1507342-07-5 C15H19BrO2
    —— (Z)-N,3-Dihydroxybenzenecarbonimidoyl chloride 596095-24-8 C7H6ClNO2
    (Z)-N,3-Dihydroxybenzenecarbonimidoyl chloride
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-4,4,6,6-tetramethyl-2,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-thiazolo<5,4->pyridin 19958-89-5 C16H22N2OS
    2-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-4,4,6,6-tetramethyl-2,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-thiazolo<5,4->pyridin
    —— 2-Tert-butyl-6-(chloromethyl)-4-methoxyphenol 205313-81-1 C12H17ClO2
    2-Tert-butyl-6-(chloromethyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— N-Jodacetyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propylamin 53527-17-6 C12H16INO3
    N-Jodacetyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propylamin
    —— 2-(11-Bromo-undecyl)-phenol 62587-19-3 C17H27BrO
    2-(11-Bromo-undecyl)-phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-<i>N</i>-(5-nitro-thiazol-2-yl)-benzamide 74675-83-5 C10H6N4O6S
    2-hydroxy-5-nitro-<i>N</i>-(5-nitro-thiazol-2-yl)-benzamide
    —— 1453085-30-7 C19H19N5O3
    —— 4-[2-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethynyl]-2,6-dimethylphenol 55255-28-2 C18H18O2
    4-[2-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethynyl]-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-imidazolidin-2-one 31594-93-1 C11H14N2O3
    4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-imidazolidin-2-one
    —— 4,5-Dichloro-3-hydroxy-6-[(E)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-allyloxy]-phthalonitrile 31186-79-5 C18H12Cl2N2O3
    4,5-Dichloro-3-hydroxy-6-[(E)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-allyloxy]-phthalonitrile
    —— (4-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-glyoxylic acid 854677-12-6 C10H10O5
    (4-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-glyoxylic acid
    —— Phenol, 2-(1-aminocyclopentyl)-4-(difluoromethyl)- 1704120-95-5 C12H15F2NO
    Phenol, 2-(1-aminocyclopentyl)-4-(difluoromethyl)-
    —— 2'-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-1'-acetyl-spiro<oxindol-3,3'-pyrrolidin> 2756-09-4 C20H20N2O4
    2'-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-1'-acetyl-spiro<oxindol-3,3'-pyrrolidin>
    —— (E)-(S)-3-Allyl-1-[2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-((Z)-2-methyl-hept-2-en-6-ynyl)-phenyl]-but-2-ene-1,4-diol 403696-79-7 C22H28O4
    (E)-(S)-3-Allyl-1-[2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-((Z)-2-methyl-hept-2-en-6-ynyl)-phenyl]-but-2-ene-1,4-diol
    —— Benzenepropanoic acid, 3-fluoro-2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester 1261581-62-7 C11H13FO3
    Benzenepropanoic acid, 3-fluoro-2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester
    —— 3-Methoxy-6-(4-phenyl-1,2-thiazol-5(2H)-ylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 89296-09-3 C16H13NO2S
    3-Methoxy-6-(4-phenyl-1,2-thiazol-5(2H)-ylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 5,13-Dihydroxy<2.2>metacyclophan 153862-37-4 C16H16O2
    5,13-Dihydroxy<2.2>metacyclophan
    —— 4-(2-Aethylbutylidenamino)-3-methyl-5-aethylphenol 2913-80-6 C15H23NO
    4-(2-Aethylbutylidenamino)-3-methyl-5-aethylphenol
    —— 4-(2,3,6-triphenyl-3,6-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-1(2H)-yl)phenol 1033003-29-0 C26H22N4O
    4-(2,3,6-triphenyl-3,6-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-1(2H)-yl)phenol