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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1,10-bis(3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)decane 110457-81-3 C24H34O2
    1,10-bis(3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)decane
    —— 27993-19-7 C13H18I2N2O
    —— 5-(1,1-Dimethyl-heptyl)-2-[(1R,2R,5R)-5-hydroxymethyl-2-(1-hydroxymethyl-vinyl)-cyclohexyl]-benzene-1,3-diol 213915-79-8 C25H40O4
    5-(1,1-Dimethyl-heptyl)-2-[(1R,2R,5R)-5-hydroxymethyl-2-(1-hydroxymethyl-vinyl)-cyclohexyl]-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-benzamide oxime 98550-32-4 C7H6N4O6
    2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-benzamide oxime
    —— 4-{2-[3-(7-hydroxy-7-methyloct-1-enyl)phenyl]-vinyl}benzene-1,2-diol 268231-30-7 C23H28O3
    4-{2-[3-(7-hydroxy-7-methyloct-1-enyl)phenyl]-vinyl}benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3-Bromo-2-chloro-6-methylphenol 2091708-07-3 C7H6BrClO
    3-Bromo-2-chloro-6-methylphenol
    —— N-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-chloro-N-methylpropanamide 1225778-52-8 C11H13BrClNO2
    N-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-chloro-N-methylpropanamide
    —— 9-(4-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylnonanoic acid 112109-73-6 C20H32O4
    9-(4-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylnonanoic acid
    —— 142274-53-1 C22H18N6O8
    —— Mo2(O2CC6H3-3-OH-4-NO2)4 178383-72-7 C28H16Mo2N4O20
    Mo2(O2CC6H3-3-OH-4-NO2)4
    —— 2,5-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenethylaminacetat 39816-42-7 C2H4O2*C9H13NO3
    2,5-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenethylaminacetat
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-nitro-thiobenzoic acid S-phenyl ester 96460-93-4 C13H9NO4S
    2-hydroxy-4-nitro-thiobenzoic acid S-phenyl ester
    —— 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-6-methylpyridazino[3,4-d]pyrimidine-5,7(1H,6H)-dione 1220915-50-3 C15H14N4O4
    3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-6-methylpyridazino[3,4-d]pyrimidine-5,7(1H,6H)-dione
    —— 172665-61-1 C20H26CuN2O4S2
    —— ME0161 1226513-88-7 C16H16N2O5
    ME0161
    —— (2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)decanenitrile 403996-39-4 C16H23NO2
    (2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)decanenitrile
    —— cis,cis-1,3,5-tris<(E)-3-hydroxybenzylideneamino>cyclohexane 189505-80-4 C27H27N3O3
    cis,cis-1,3,5-tris<(E)-3-hydroxybenzylideneamino>cyclohexane
    —— 2-(((2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol 123529-24-8 C14H20N2O
    2-(((2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— 6-Hydrazino-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzalhydrazino)-pyridazin 104912-22-3 C12H14N6O2
    6-Hydrazino-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzalhydrazino)-pyridazin
    —— Maleinsaeure-anhydrid-resorcin-addukt 92965-42-9 C16H12O6
    Maleinsaeure-anhydrid-resorcin-addukt
    —— 2-(2-Methoxy-phenoxy)-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethanol 22313-77-5 C16H18O5
    2-(2-Methoxy-phenoxy)-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethanol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-1-aethylmercapto-1-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-propan 100520-97-6 C12H18O3S
    2-Hydroxy-1-aethylmercapto-1-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-propan
    —— Acetic acid [1-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide 20485-56-7 C9H10N2O3
    Acetic acid [1-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— (2-Propyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-acetic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide 84358-01-0 C21H23N3O3
    (2-Propyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-acetic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— 143653-80-9 C20H24O3
    —— 3-Cyclopent-3-enyl-2-{[1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazono}-5-[1-phenyl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-thiazolidin-4-one 78757-20-7 C22H19N3O2S
    3-Cyclopent-3-enyl-2-{[1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazono}-5-[1-phenyl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 13-(2,4-Dinitro-phenylazo)-30-hydroxy-3,6,9,17,20,23-hexaoxa-tricyclo[23.3.1.111,15]triaconta-1(29),11,13,15(30),25,27-hexaene-29-carboxylic acid 113858-64-3 C31H34N4O13
    13-(2,4-Dinitro-phenylazo)-30-hydroxy-3,6,9,17,20,23-hexaoxa-tricyclo[23.3.1.111,15]triaconta-1(29),11,13,15(30),25,27-hexaene-29-carboxylic acid
    —— 5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)tetramic acid 878196-88-4 C11H8ClNO3
    5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)tetramic acid
    —— 3,3'-hexanediyl-di-phenol 109398-65-4 C18H22O2
    3,3'-hexanediyl-di-phenol
    —— 2,4-dinitro-thianthren-1-ol 109162-64-3 C12H6N2O5S2
    2,4-dinitro-thianthren-1-ol
    —— 4-chloro-2-{[(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)imino]methyl}phenol 102673-16-5 C16H11ClN2OS
    4-chloro-2-{[(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)imino]methyl}phenol
    —— p-Bromanilin-o-Kresol-Komplex 108536-40-9 C6H6BrN*C7H8O
    p-Bromanilin-o-Kresol-Komplex
    —— [4-(4-hydroxy-benzylidenamino)-phenyl]-arsonic acid 91461-38-0 C13H12AsNO4
    [4-(4-hydroxy-benzylidenamino)-phenyl]-arsonic acid
    —— 4-[(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)amino]benzene-1,3-diol 1449522-05-7 C13H11NO4
    4-[(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)amino]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 7-Brom-6-hydroxy-2-oxo-5-hexyl-1,3-benzoxathiol 96199-55-2 C13H15BrO3S
    7-Brom-6-hydroxy-2-oxo-5-hexyl-1,3-benzoxathiol
    —— 943151-41-5 C14H11NO4
    —— 1426827-51-1 C27H46O2Si3
    —— 5,5'-bis-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-3,3'-(3-oxa-pentane-1,5-diyl)-bis-thiazolidine-2,4-dione 69258-67-9 C26H24N2O9S2
    5,5'-bis-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-3,3'-(3-oxa-pentane-1,5-diyl)-bis-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— H2cd4OMesalpd 1239496-49-1 C18H24N2O2S2
    H2cd4OMesalpd
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylbenzenecarboximidamide 1341123-17-8 C10H14N2O2
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylbenzenecarboximidamide
    —— bis[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate 98684-25-4 C24H26NO8P
    bis[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] (4-nitrophenyl) phosphate
    —— 1613310-95-4 C44H46N2NaO11*ClO4
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-{[(E)-5-(2,4,6-trichloro-phenoxymethyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol 439278-50-9 C17H12Cl3N3O3S
    2-Methoxy-4-{[(E)-5-(2,4,6-trichloro-phenoxymethyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 89669-32-9 C47H41N3O2SSn
    —— 202465-42-7 C10H11O2*C30H33GeO6
    —— N-t-butoxycarbonyl-azatyrosine ethyl ester 512835-55-1 C15H22N2O5
    N-t-butoxycarbonyl-azatyrosine ethyl ester
    —— (S)-N-boc-4-hydroxyphenylglycinol 357205-18-6 C13H19NO4
    (S)-N-boc-4-hydroxyphenylglycinol
    —— 84583-93-7 C16H13N5NaO7S
    —— Acetic acid 2-hydroxy-2-[8-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,4-dioxa-spiro[4.5]dec-8-yl]-ethyl ester 151251-78-4 C18H24O6
    Acetic acid 2-hydroxy-2-[8-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,4-dioxa-spiro[4.5]dec-8-yl]-ethyl ester
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[1-(2-morpholin-4-yl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-2-nitro-ethyl]-phenol 67861-33-0 C19H26N2O5
    2-methoxy-4-[1-(2-morpholin-4-yl-cyclohex-2-enyl)-2-nitro-ethyl]-phenol