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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carbonitrile 79250-12-7 C14H14N2O3
    4-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carbonitrile
    —— 5-[(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl]-N-[2-hydroxyphenylmethylene]-2-(nitroimino)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-amine 1239060-38-8 C15H20N6O4
    5-[(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl]-N-[2-hydroxyphenylmethylene]-2-(nitroimino)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-amine
    —— 3-Methyl-5-methylamino-3H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid (7-oxo-octyl)-amide; compound with picric acid 106260-30-4 C6H3N3O7*C14H24N4O2
    3-Methyl-5-methylamino-3H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid (7-oxo-octyl)-amide; compound with picric acid
    —— 4,5-dichloro-3-hydroxy-6<(3'-methyl-2'-oxocyclohexyl)oxy>-1,2-benzenedicarbonitrile 123674-99-7 C15H12Cl2N2O3
    4,5-dichloro-3-hydroxy-6<(3'-methyl-2'-oxocyclohexyl)oxy>-1,2-benzenedicarbonitrile
    —— cis-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-buten-1-one 117457-72-4 C11H12O3
    cis-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-buten-1-one
    —— (2s,4s,6s,8s)-2,4,6,8-tetraethyl-15,35,55,75-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphan-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octaol 802984-96-9 C40H48O8
    (2s,4s,6s,8s)-2,4,6,8-tetraethyl-15,35,55,75-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphan-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-octaol
    —— 1-[2-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl]ethanone 1174738-17-0 C14H13FN2O2S
    1-[2-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl]ethanone
    —— 4-bromo-2-ethyl-5-methylphenol 854907-92-9 C9H11BrO
    4-bromo-2-ethyl-5-methylphenol
    —— 4-(2,4-Dihydroxy-benzyliden-)amino-2-methyl-3-ethyl-thiomorpholin-1,1-dioxid 75161-37-4 C14H20N2O4S
    4-(2,4-Dihydroxy-benzyliden-)amino-2-methyl-3-ethyl-thiomorpholin-1,1-dioxid
    —— 2-ethyl-3,5,6,7-tetramethylindole picrate 74411-83-9 C6H3N3O7*C14H19N
    2-ethyl-3,5,6,7-tetramethylindole picrate
    —— 2-ethylthiomethyl-5-methylphenol 124211-68-3 C10H14OS
    2-ethylthiomethyl-5-methylphenol
    —— carbon monoxide;chromium;2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol 88729-87-7 C12H12CrO5
    carbon monoxide;chromium;2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— 2,4-Dinitro-phenol; compound with dimethyl-phenyl-phosphane 26285-44-9 C6H4N2O5*C8H11P
    2,4-Dinitro-phenol; compound with dimethyl-phenyl-phosphane
    —— 2-((R)-((R)-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)(methoxy)methyl)-4-methoxyphenol 1257527-21-1 C15H22O4
    2-((R)-((R)-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)(methoxy)methyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— thiazolidine-2,4-dione picric acid complex 1221291-49-1 C3H3NO2S*C6H3N3O7
    thiazolidine-2,4-dione picric acid complex
    —— samarium(III) 2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)phenolate 2-((2-oxidobenzylidene)amino)phenolate 65465-02-3 C13H9NO2*C13H10NO2*Sm
    samarium(III) 2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)phenolate 2-((2-oxidobenzylidene)amino)phenolate
    —— 2-[bis(ethoxyethyl)phosphino]-4-methylphenol 668430-16-8 C15H25O3P
    2-[bis(ethoxyethyl)phosphino]-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-(5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol 19949-23-6 C8H7N3O3
    2-(5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— (2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)thiocarbonitrile 600135-25-9 C8H6FNOS
    (2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)thiocarbonitrile
    —— 25,26,27,28-Tetramethylpentacyclo[19.3.1.1<sup>3,7</sup>.1<sup>9,13</sup>.1<sup>15,19</sup>]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15(26),16,18,21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 74708-10-4 C32H32O8
    25,26,27,28-Tetramethylpentacyclo[19.3.1.1<sup>3,7</sup>.1<sup>9,13</sup>.1<sup>15,19</sup>]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15(26),16,18,21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 2-(1-iminoethyl)-4-methoxyphenol 1247949-38-7 C9H11NO2
    2-(1-iminoethyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— <i>N</i>-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyliden)-anthranilic acid 42027-77-0 C15H13NO4
    <i>N</i>-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyliden)-anthranilic acid
    —— 4-<3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl>-6-<3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl>resorcinol 155374-31-5 C27H22N2O7
    4-<3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl>-6-<3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl>resorcinol
    —— cyano-[3-ethyl-5-[1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-phenylamino)-meth-(E,Z)-ylidene]-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-(E,Z)-ylidene]-acetic acid ethyl ester 851646-65-6 C17H16FN3O4S
    cyano-[3-ethyl-5-[1-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-phenylamino)-meth-(E,Z)-ylidene]-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-(E,Z)-ylidene]-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— 1.2.3.4.7.7-Hexachlor-5-(2-hydroxy-benzyl)-norbornen-(2) 97176-35-7 C14H10Cl6O
    1.2.3.4.7.7-Hexachlor-5-(2-hydroxy-benzyl)-norbornen-(2)
    —— CECR 118600-17-2 C36H40O8
    CECR
    —— Ethyl 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethoxypropanoate 544478-46-8 C13H17ClO4
    Ethyl 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethoxypropanoate
    —— 1-[(S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-ethanone 58721-61-2 C19H20N2O4
    1-[(S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-ethanone
    —— 2-(Diethyl-phosphinoyl)-4-methoxy-phenol 129529-21-1 C11H17O3P
    2-(Diethyl-phosphinoyl)-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-Amino-3.4-dimethoxy-phenaethylalkohol 91252-58-3 C10H15NO3
    2-Amino-3.4-dimethoxy-phenaethylalkohol
    —— 2-Hydroxyphenyl--mercury--water (1/1/1) 63869-04-5 C6H8HgO2
    2-Hydroxyphenyl--mercury--water (1/1/1)
    —— tert-butyl N-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamate 831172-00-0 C13H19NO4
    tert-butyl N-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamate
    —— 3-methoxy-5-(triisopropylsilyloxy)phenol 1622988-39-9 C16H28O3Si
    3-methoxy-5-(triisopropylsilyloxy)phenol
    —— 3-(3-hydroxyphenylethynyl)-1-oxa-2,7-diazaspiro[4.3]oct-2-ene 1354932-01-6 C13H12N2O2
    3-(3-hydroxyphenylethynyl)-1-oxa-2,7-diazaspiro[4.3]oct-2-ene
    —— 3-methoxy-4-(5-(methyl(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)phenol 1620515-78-7 C19H28N4O2S
    3-methoxy-4-(5-(methyl(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 215671-98-0 C10H14O4
    —— 2-Cyano-3-methoxycarbonylmethylthio-hydrochinon 64572-57-2 C10H9NO4S
    2-Cyano-3-methoxycarbonylmethylthio-hydrochinon
    —— 4-[2-[4-amino-6-(diethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]ethyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol 114811-90-4 C23H37N5O
    4-[2-[4-amino-6-(diethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]ethyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol
    —— di-t-butyl (2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl) phosphonate 98057-64-8 C15H25O5P
    di-t-butyl (2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl) phosphonate
    —— 9-amino-1-(m-hydroxyphenyl)bicyclo<3.3.1>nonane hydrobromide 75209-88-0 BrH*C15H21NO
    9-amino-1-(m-hydroxyphenyl)bicyclo<3.3.1>nonane hydrobromide
    —— 4-Bromo-2-{[(Z)-2,4,6-trichloro-phenylimino]-methyl}-phenol 26672-13-9 C13H7BrCl3NO
    4-Bromo-2-{[(Z)-2,4,6-trichloro-phenylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— p-(3-carboxymethyl-1-adamantyl)calix[4]arene 765943-02-0 C76H88O12
    p-(3-carboxymethyl-1-adamantyl)calix[4]arene
    —— 4-[2-(2-acetylamino-5-nitro-thiazol-4-yl)-vinyl]-2-methoxy-phenol 92167-02-7 C14H13N3O5S
    4-[2-(2-acetylamino-5-nitro-thiazol-4-yl)-vinyl]-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 92700-33-9 C15H22N2O3
    —— 2,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole 88203-23-0 C14H10N2O2S
    2,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole
    —— 4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octahydroxy-5,11,17,23-tetrakis[N-dihexylphosphoryl-methyl(2,2-di-methoxyethyl)aminomethyl]-2,8,14,20-tetra-hexylpentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene 1439386-12-5 C128H232N4O20P4
    4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octahydroxy-5,11,17,23-tetrakis[N-dihexylphosphoryl-methyl(2,2-di-methoxyethyl)aminomethyl]-2,8,14,20-tetra-hexylpentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene
    —— (4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-phenyl-arsinic acid 875241-21-7 C12H10AsNO5
    (4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-phenyl-arsinic acid
    —— 7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-5-ethyl-1,3-dimethoxy-6,6,8-trimethyl-5H-naphthalen-2-ol 135086-21-4 C23H38O3Si
    7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]-5-ethyl-1,3-dimethoxy-6,6,8-trimethyl-5H-naphthalen-2-ol
    —— Picric acid; compound with (2-dimethylaminomethyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-methanol 84762-91-4 2C6H3N3O7*C7H13N3O
    Picric acid; compound with (2-dimethylaminomethyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-methanol
    —— 4-chloro-2-(4,6-dimethoxy-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylamino)-phenol 28691-06-7 C11H11ClN4O3
    4-chloro-2-(4,6-dimethoxy-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylamino)-phenol