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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(2-aminoethyl)-2-chloro-5-nitrophenol 1190877-18-9 C8H9ClN2O3
    4-(2-aminoethyl)-2-chloro-5-nitrophenol
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dibromobenzylideneamino)propane-1,2-diol 1241947-83-0 C10H11Br2NO3
    3-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dibromobenzylideneamino)propane-1,2-diol
    —— (5Z)-2-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181082-71-2 C17H18FN3O2S
    (5Z)-2-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 93011-49-5 C4H10N2*C12H6Cl2N2O7S
    —— 51084-58-3 C11H11BrN4O5S
    —— 2-(5-Chlor-salicylidenhydrazino)-4-methyl-pyrimidin 91398-42-4 C12H11ClN4O
    2-(5-Chlor-salicylidenhydrazino)-4-methyl-pyrimidin
    —— N'-(3,4-Dihydroxy-benzyl)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester 90874-00-3 C10H14N2O4
    N'-(3,4-Dihydroxy-benzyl)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 3,4'-oxazolidine-2,5'-diyl-bis-phenol 57083-70-2 C15H15NO3
    3,4'-oxazolidine-2,5'-diyl-bis-phenol
    —— 4-Isopropylamino-tricyclo[6.2.2.0<sup>2,7</sup>]dodeca-2,4,6-triene-3,6-diol 24761-16-8 C15H21NO2
    4-Isopropylamino-tricyclo[6.2.2.0<sup>2,7</sup>]dodeca-2,4,6-triene-3,6-diol
    —— 5,11,17,23-tetrakis(3-azidopropyl)-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-calix[4]arene 1208376-25-3 C40H44N12O4
    5,11,17,23-tetrakis(3-azidopropyl)-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-calix[4]arene
    —— 2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12-octahydro-1,4,7,10,13-benzotetraoxathiacyclopentadecyne 13-oxide sodium perchlorate 1262034-64-9 C14H20NaO6S*ClO4
    2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12-octahydro-1,4,7,10,13-benzotetraoxathiacyclopentadecyne 13-oxide sodium perchlorate
    —— N-[2,2-bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-[(diethoxyphosphoryl)methyl]ammonium chloride 1610604-95-9 C19H26NO7P*ClH
    N-[2,2-bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-[(diethoxyphosphoryl)methyl]ammonium chloride
    —— 6-bromo-5-ethylguaiacol 109821-91-2 C9H11BrO2
    6-bromo-5-ethylguaiacol
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propyl-hexyl)-phenol; compound with cyclohexylamine 17726-36-2 C6H13N*C15H22N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-propyl-hexyl)-phenol; compound with cyclohexylamine
    —— (5S)-5-(4-((2-cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl)phenoxy)methyl-3-isopropyl-2-phenyloxazolidine 104857-50-3 C25H33NO3
    (5S)-5-(4-((2-cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl)phenoxy)methyl-3-isopropyl-2-phenyloxazolidine
    —— 4-chloro-6-[(4-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 92596-90-2 C13H10ClNO2
    4-chloro-6-[(4-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— (4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-[(Z)-methoxyimino]-acetic acid 65951-41-9 C9H9NO4
    (4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-[(Z)-methoxyimino]-acetic acid
    —— N,N'-bis(4-methoxylsalicylidene)hydrazine 68861-52-9 C16H16N2O4
    N,N'-bis(4-methoxylsalicylidene)hydrazine
    —— N-salicylidene-1,1-dimethylethanamine 135609-65-3 C11H15NO
    N-salicylidene-1,1-dimethylethanamine
    —— 6-{[(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)amino]methylidene}cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one--nickel (2/1) 7233-62-7 C22H30N2NiO6
    6-{[(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)amino]methylidene}cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one--nickel (2/1)
    —— diethyl (3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)phosphonate 407584-15-0 C12H19O5P
    diethyl (3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)phosphonate
    —— 2,5-dibromo-3,4-dimethyl-6-nitro-phenol 856352-02-8 C8H7Br2NO3
    2,5-dibromo-3,4-dimethyl-6-nitro-phenol
    —— 3,6-dimethyl-2-nitro-4-(nitromethyl)phenol 79755-30-9 C9H10N2O5
    3,6-dimethyl-2-nitro-4-(nitromethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(2.2-Diaethyl-aethoxymethyl)-4.6-dinitro-phenol 16607-38-8 C13H18N2O6
    2-(2.2-Diaethyl-aethoxymethyl)-4.6-dinitro-phenol
    —— 2-hydroxyethyl 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzyl sulfide 24797-54-4 C11H16O2S
    2-hydroxyethyl 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzyl sulfide
    —— 2-nitro-phenol; diethylammonium-(2-nitro-phenolate) 51503-38-9 C4H11N*C6H5NO3
    2-nitro-phenol; diethylammonium-(2-nitro-phenolate)
    —— 5-(5-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1393371-33-9 C14H10ClNO2S
    5-(5-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-[(2-pyridinylimino)methyl]-4-(2-thienyl)phenol 1093119-73-3 C17H14N2O2S
    2-Methoxy-6-[(2-pyridinylimino)methyl]-4-(2-thienyl)phenol
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-phenyl-3-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one 1233483-69-6 C26H19N3O3S
    5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-phenyl-3-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one
    —— Picric acid; compound with furan-2-ylmethyl-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-amine 95124-61-1 C6H3N3O7*C12H13NO2
    Picric acid; compound with furan-2-ylmethyl-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-amine
    —— 2-<6-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-benzyl>-cyclohexanon 3680-19-1 C15H20O2
    2-<6-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-benzyl>-cyclohexanon
    —— 4-[phenyl-(4-phenyl-thiazol-2-ylimino)-methyl]-benzene-1,3-diol 64343-63-1 C22H16N2O2S
    4-[phenyl-(4-phenyl-thiazol-2-ylimino)-methyl]-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4,6-dichlor-trimesinaldehyd 34374-84-0 C9H4Cl2O4
    2-Hydroxy-4,6-dichlor-trimesinaldehyd
    —— 3,4-Dimethylphenol-6-<3H> 33500-90-2 C8H10O
    3,4-Dimethylphenol-6-<3H>
    —— 4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-propylamino)-ethyl]-2-methoxy-phenol 34597-69-8 C18H23NO4
    4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-propylamino)-ethyl]-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]acetamide 1452176-76-9 C16H17NO4
    2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]acetamide
    —— 5,11-diiodo-17,23,29-trimethyl-31,32,33,34,35-pentahydroxycalix[5]arene 903896-49-1 C38H34I2O5
    5,11-diiodo-17,23,29-trimethyl-31,32,33,34,35-pentahydroxycalix[5]arene
    —— 5-{[(E)-4,6-Bis-phenylamino-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylimino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol 120624-38-6 C23H20N6O2
    5-{[(E)-4,6-Bis-phenylamino-[1,3,5]triazin-2-ylimino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 3-(1,3-Dimethyl-1,6,7,8-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]diazepin-4-yl)-phenol; hydrochloride 78451-90-8 C14H16N4O*2ClH
    3-(1,3-Dimethyl-1,6,7,8-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[3,4-e][1,4]diazepin-4-yl)-phenol; hydrochloride
    —— 2,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole 1246173-87-4 C16H14N2O3
    2,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole
    —— 2-[(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)iminomethyl]-3,5-dimethoxyphenol 30840-43-8 C15H14N2O6
    2-[(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)iminomethyl]-3,5-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 1374156-46-3 C15H17NO3
    —— 1-Hydroxy-2-<2-methoxy-phenoxy>-3-mercapto-3-<3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl>-propan 5155-59-9 C17H20O5S
    1-Hydroxy-2-<2-methoxy-phenoxy>-3-mercapto-3-<3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl>-propan
    —— 5-hydroxy-2-rnethoxybenzonitrile 180526-90-3 C8H7NO2
    5-hydroxy-2-rnethoxybenzonitrile
    —— (5Z)-2-(dimethylamino)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181081-37-7 C12H12N2O2S
    (5Z)-2-(dimethylamino)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 5-methoxy-2-(4-phenyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-phenol 67526-80-1 C16H13NO3
    5-methoxy-2-(4-phenyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-phenol
    —— 19,25,31,36-Tetratert-butyl-40,41-dihydroxy-3,15-dioxa-6,9,12-triazahexacyclo[15.15.7.123,27.134,38.02,29.016,21]hentetraconta-1,16,18,20,23(41),24,26,29,31,34,36,38(40)-dodecaene-5,13-dione 136158-03-7 C52H69N3O6
    19,25,31,36-Tetratert-butyl-40,41-dihydroxy-3,15-dioxa-6,9,12-triazahexacyclo[15.15.7.123,27.134,38.02,29.016,21]hentetraconta-1,16,18,20,23(41),24,26,29,31,34,36,38(40)-dodecaene-5,13-dione
    —— 1404575-72-9 C14H21NO2
    —— (RS)-N-(4-cyano-benzyl)-2-ethoxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-acetamide 1055904-44-3 C19H20N2O4
    (RS)-N-(4-cyano-benzyl)-2-ethoxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-acetamide
    —— Phenol, 3-(aminomethyl)-2-iodo-6-methoxy- 1379323-69-9 C8H10INO2
    Phenol, 3-(aminomethyl)-2-iodo-6-methoxy-