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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl][(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)hydroxymethyl]phosphinic acid 936234-41-2 C11H15N2O8P
    [(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl][(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)hydroxymethyl]phosphinic acid
    —— endo-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-one —— C15H16O5
    endo-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-one
    —— (1R,5R)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-2-one 1242077-74-2 C19H22O6
    (1R,5R)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-2-one
    —— (1R,5R,7R)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 1242077-58-2 C19H24O6
    (1R,5R,7R)-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— 6-[2-(4-Hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenyl)acetamido]hexanoic acid 10463-29-3 C14H17IN2O6
    6-[2-(4-Hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenyl)acetamido]hexanoic acid
    —— ethyl 6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-4-(thiophen-2-yl)cyclohex-3-enecarboxylate 1268267-52-2 C19H18O4S
    ethyl 6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-4-(thiophen-2-yl)cyclohex-3-enecarboxylate
    —— 1,5-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-3-sulfanylidene-2,4-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane-7,11-dione 1234512-03-8 C25H28N2O6S
    1,5-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-3-sulfanylidene-2,4-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane-7,11-dione
    —— 3-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1-yl]propan-1-one 1334470-06-2 C24H26F3NO6
    3-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)piperidin-1-yl]propan-1-one
    —— N-[2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-4-phenyl-butyramide 193220-18-7 C18H21NO2
    N-[2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-4-phenyl-butyramide
    —— (4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl)-glyoxylic acid 99513-27-6 C9H8O5
    (4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl)-glyoxylic acid
    —— I+/-,2-Dihydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzeneacetic acid 1092367-59-3 C10H12O5
    I+/-,2-Dihydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzeneacetic acid
    —— Isoprenaline sulfate hydrate —— C22H38N2O11S
    Isoprenaline sulfate hydrate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylbenzeneacetic acid 67088-28-2 C10H12O4
    4-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylbenzeneacetic acid
    —— 1-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxy-2-methylpropane 58105-63-8 C11H16O3
    1-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxy-2-methylpropane
    —— Benzeneacetic acid, I+/-,4-dihydroxy-2,3-diiodo- 1804421-26-8 C8H6I2O4
    Benzeneacetic acid, I+/-,4-dihydroxy-2,3-diiodo-
    —— 2-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyl)isothiouronium dihydrogen phosphate 85422-96-4 C9H14ClN2O6PS
    2-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyl)isothiouronium dihydrogen phosphate
    —— (2Z,4Z)-N-[(E)-3-[(1S,11S,13S,15R)-15-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-7-hydroxy-9-oxo-10,17-dioxatricyclo[11.3.1.03,8]heptadeca-3(8),4,6-trien-11-yl]prop-1-enyl]hepta-2,4-dienamide 1243260-55-0 C31H45NO6Si
    (2Z,4Z)-N-[(E)-3-[(1S,11S,13S,15R)-15-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-7-hydroxy-9-oxo-10,17-dioxatricyclo[11.3.1.03,8]heptadeca-3(8),4,6-trien-11-yl]prop-1-enyl]hepta-2,4-dienamide
    —— 5-[1-(4-bromobutyl)cyclopentyl]resorcinol 941583-87-5 C15H21BrO2
    5-[1-(4-bromobutyl)cyclopentyl]resorcinol
    —— 5-(2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidin-2-yl)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde 1252687-57-2 C19H14N2O5
    5-(2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidin-2-yl)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde
    —— 1,1,3,3,6-pentamethyl-1,3-disilaindan-5-ol 827339-68-4 C12H20OSi2
    1,1,3,3,6-pentamethyl-1,3-disilaindan-5-ol
    —— 3-[(2S,3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methylhexan-2-yl]-5-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol 1255326-69-2 C14H22O4
    3-[(2S,3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methylhexan-2-yl]-5-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol
    —— (Z)-2-diethoxyphosphoryl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile 66325-59-5 C14H18NO5P
    (Z)-2-diethoxyphosphoryl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— 2-[[(1S,2R)-1,2,5,5-tetramethyl-2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]methyl]benzene-1,4-diol 1256451-10-1 C21H30O2
    2-[[(1S,2R)-1,2,5,5-tetramethyl-2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]methyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— (S)-2-(1-aminoethyl)-5-nitrophenol 1247949-46-7 C8H10N2O3
    (S)-2-(1-aminoethyl)-5-nitrophenol
    —— 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-methoxy-2-nitroethanamine 1258220-87-9 C9H12N2O5
    1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-methoxy-2-nitroethanamine
    —— N-Benzyl-N'-[4-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-thiazol-2-yl]-guanidine; hydrochloride 123310-93-0 C17H16N4O2S*ClH
    N-Benzyl-N'-[4-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-thiazol-2-yl]-guanidine; hydrochloride
    —— 6-Hydroxybenzo[B]Thiophene 1,1-Dioxide 19163-43-0 C8H6O3S
    6-Hydroxybenzo[B]Thiophene 1,1-Dioxide
    —— 2-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(4-hydroxy-2-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)acetamido]propyl pivalate 1258845-67-8 C28H38INO5
    2-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-3-[2-(4-hydroxy-2-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)acetamido]propyl pivalate
    —— Ethyl 4-pyridinecarboxylate picrate 113194-31-3 C14H12N4O9
    Ethyl 4-pyridinecarboxylate picrate
    —— (3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone 1440341-29-6 C12H12O3
    (3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone
    —— Benzenemethanol, 4-hydroxy-, 1-methanesulfonate 188128-72-5 C8H10O4S
    Benzenemethanol, 4-hydroxy-, 1-methanesulfonate
    —— (6E,8E,10E,16Z)-13,15,22,24-tetrahydroxy-5-methoxy-14,16-dimethyl-2-azabicyclo[18.3.1]tetracosa-1(23),6,8,10,16,20(24),21-heptaen-3-one —— C26H35NO6
    (6E,8E,10E,16Z)-13,15,22,24-tetrahydroxy-5-methoxy-14,16-dimethyl-2-azabicyclo[18.3.1]tetracosa-1(23),6,8,10,16,20(24),21-heptaen-3-one
    —— 5-Methyl-2-[(4-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]phenol 413575-95-8 C15H15NO
    5-Methyl-2-[(4-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]phenol
    —— 2-[[2-[(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]ethylamino]methyl]-4-methoxyphenol 199485-68-2 C18H24N2O4
    2-[[2-[(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]ethylamino]methyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyliminomethyl]-2-methoxyphenol 444195-37-3 C18H21NO4
    4-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyliminomethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(5-ethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol 163299-07-8 C10H10N2O2
    3-(5-ethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— Thiomethoxyvanillin 23837-39-0 C10H12O3S
    Thiomethoxyvanillin
    —— (R)-2-(1-aminoethyl)-4-methoxyphenol 1269839-05-5 C9H13NO2
    (R)-2-(1-aminoethyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(5-Ethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol 1173761-32-4 C13H18O2
    4-(5-Ethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol
    —— Potassium;4-sulfanylphenolate 149124-52-7 C6H5OS*K
    Potassium;4-sulfanylphenolate
    —— 4-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzylidene)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 618914-32-2 C17H21FN2O5
    4-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzylidene)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 83554-63-6 C8H8NaO4
    —— 55453-88-8 C8H8NaO3
    —— Acetic acid;2,3,5-trimethylphenol 34649-27-9 C11H16O3
    Acetic acid;2,3,5-trimethylphenol
    —— 5-(Chloromethyl)-2-methoxyphenol 529502-39-4 C8H9ClO2
    5-(Chloromethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-3-piperazin-1-ylmethyl-phenol 35340-70-6 C13H20N2O3
    2,6-dimethoxy-3-piperazin-1-ylmethyl-phenol
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl-4-butyl-phenol 22496-49-7 C12H18O
    3,5-Dimethyl-4-butyl-phenol
    —— N-[(3-Amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]acetamide 91754-54-0 C10H14N2O2
    N-[(3-Amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]acetamide
    —— 3-(2-Chloro-5-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 110102-90-4 C10H10ClNO3
    3-(2-Chloro-5-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— 4-[(2-Fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methylidene]oxolane-2,3-dione 112064-69-4 C11H7FO5
    4-[(2-Fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methylidene]oxolane-2,3-dione