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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-(4-octyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenol 917603-55-5 C18H28O4
    2-Methoxy-4-(4-octyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3-Hydroxymethyl-4,5-dimethyl-phenol 28636-94-4 C9H12O2
    3-Hydroxymethyl-4,5-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 4-(Hexadecan-5-YL)phenol 88953-31-5 C22H38O
    4-(Hexadecan-5-YL)phenol
    —— 4-(4-Hexyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 917603-56-6 C16H24O4
    4-(4-Hexyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-chloro-4-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl-phenol 676496-46-1 C9H9ClO3
    2-chloro-4-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl-phenol
    —— 30008-10-7 C6H6NaO2
    —— 5-{[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino}-5-oxopentanoic acid 78405-69-3 C13H17NO5
    5-{[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino}-5-oxopentanoic acid
    —— 4-(Hex-3-en-2-yl)phenol 62536-88-3 C12H16O
    4-(Hex-3-en-2-yl)phenol
    —— N,N-di-n-propyldopamine hydrochloride 67482-71-7 C14H24ClNO2
    N,N-di-n-propyldopamine hydrochloride
    —— 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-5-methoxyphenol 1393540-57-2 C9H13NO2
    3-(2-Aminoethyl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-ethyl-4-(methoxymethoxy)phenol 1042162-98-0 C10H14O3
    3-ethyl-4-(methoxymethoxy)phenol
    —— 1-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)ethyl alcohol 881404-78-0 C8H9NO4
    1-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)ethyl alcohol
    —— 2-Chloro-4-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)phenol 653578-50-8 C9H8ClF3O
    2-Chloro-4-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)phenol
    —— 2-Methyl-6-(octadecan-2-YL)phenol 391864-97-4 C25H44O
    2-Methyl-6-(octadecan-2-YL)phenol
    —— N''-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]guanidine 921766-19-0 C9H13N3O2
    N''-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]guanidine
    —— 6-(3-chloro-4-{3-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one 890042-65-6 C21H23ClN2O4
    6-(3-chloro-4-{3-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one
    —— 3-(3-methyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-t-butoxycarbonylamino)propanoic acid t-butyl ester 1008770-54-4 C20H31NO5
    3-(3-methyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-t-butoxycarbonylamino)propanoic acid t-butyl ester
    —— (+/-)-N-lactoyl tyramine 781674-18-8 C11H15NO3
    (+/-)-N-lactoyl tyramine
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy benzyl-t-butoxycarbonylamino)propanoic acid t-butyl ester 1008769-45-6 C19H29NO5
    3-(4-hydroxy benzyl-t-butoxycarbonylamino)propanoic acid t-butyl ester
    —— 2-(3-chloro-4-n-butoxyphenyl)ethanol 869663-09-2 C12H17ClO2
    2-(3-chloro-4-n-butoxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— 1-{1-[2-(4-Hydroxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-pyrrolidin-2-one 911627-09-3 C17H24N2O3
    1-{1-[2-(4-Hydroxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-pyrrolidin-2-one
    —— 2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyde 822520-00-3 C8H11NO2
    2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2,6-Bis(2,2-dimethylvinyl)phenol 27920-05-4 C14H18O
    2,6-Bis(2,2-dimethylvinyl)phenol
    —— 3-amino-2-iodophenol 99968-82-8 C6H6INO
    3-amino-2-iodophenol
    —— N-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide 952059-74-4 C13H15N3O3
    N-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— (S)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester 516518-63-1 C13H17BrO4
    (S)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
    —— 4,5-Dibutylbenzene-1,2-diol 62555-80-0 C14H22O2
    4,5-Dibutylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-5-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)ethyl]-1,3-dichlorobenzene 878012-85-2 C20H36Cl2O2Si2
    2-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-5-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)ethyl]-1,3-dichlorobenzene
    —— (3R,5S)-[10]-gingerdiol 53254-77-6 C21H36O4
    (3R,5S)-[10]-gingerdiol
    —— (3-Hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)mercury;hydrate —— C6H6HgNO4
    (3-Hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)mercury;hydrate
    —— Epinephrine ascorbate 62265-31-0 C15H21NO9
    Epinephrine ascorbate
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester 847346-79-6 C12H16O3
    3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester
    —— CP-122721 metabolite M9 869845-10-3 C19H19F3N2O3
    CP-122721 metabolite M9
    —— 4-(4,6,8-Trimethylnonan-2-yl)phenol 144841-01-0 C18H30O
    4-(4,6,8-Trimethylnonan-2-yl)phenol
    —— Bamethan hydrochloride 147418-85-7 C12H20ClNO2
    Bamethan hydrochloride
    —— 2,4,6-Tris-benzylmercaptomethyl-phenol 52978-68-4 C30H30OS3
    2,4,6-Tris-benzylmercaptomethyl-phenol
    —— Formic acid--4-methoxyphenol (1/1) 4525-64-8 C8H10O4
    Formic acid--4-methoxyphenol (1/1)
    —— 2,5-Bis[(3,5-diethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclopentan-1-one 195440-25-6 C27H32O3
    2,5-Bis[(3,5-diethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclopentan-1-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-1,1-dioxidebenzo[b]thiophene 246177-27-5 C8H6O3S
    4-hydroxy-1,1-dioxidebenzo[b]thiophene
    —— 5-(2,2,2-Trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-benzenediol 352339-81-2 C8H7Cl3O3
    5-(2,2,2-Trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-benzenediol
    —— 4-[2-(3-Aminophenyl)-4-thiazolyl]-1,3-benzenediol 886496-16-8 C15H12N2O2S
    4-[2-(3-Aminophenyl)-4-thiazolyl]-1,3-benzenediol
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-4-decylphenol 29665-60-9 C18H30O
    2,6-Dimethyl-4-decylphenol
    —— (S)-4-(1-aminoethyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1241681-88-8 C9H13NO2
    (S)-4-(1-aminoethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— N-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]-1-phenylmethanesulfonamide 1261033-59-3 C16H19NO3S
    N-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]-1-phenylmethanesulfonamide
    —— 3-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl]-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole 1158558-37-2 C18H19NO2
    3-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl]-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole
    —— 6-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-phenyl-heptan-4-one 1158956-72-9 C19H22O3
    6-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-phenyl-heptan-4-one
    —— 5-(1-aminoethyl)-2-methoxyphenol hydrochloride 1141841-43-1 C9H13NO2*ClH
    5-(1-aminoethyl)-2-methoxyphenol hydrochloride
    —— bis-1,5-[2',3',4',5'-tetrahydro-2'-(4"-hydroxyphenyl)-4'-oxothiophen-3'-carboxylate]-3,3-dimethyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene 1172610-10-4 C30H28O8S2
    bis-1,5-[2',3',4',5'-tetrahydro-2'-(4"-hydroxyphenyl)-4'-oxothiophen-3'-carboxylate]-3,3-dimethyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene
    —— 2-ethylamino-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-one 1034736-57-6 C15H17N3O3S
    2-ethylamino-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro-4H-thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-one
    —— Phenol, 3-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2-benzothiazolyl)- 1152495-68-5 C13H13NOS
    Phenol, 3-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2-benzothiazolyl)-