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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-Morpholineacetic acid, 4-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]- 1535418-60-0 C14H18BrNO5
    2-Morpholineacetic acid, 4-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-
    —— 4-((R)-1-amino-2-hydroxy-ethyl)-3-methoxy-phenol 1213318-24-1 C9H13NO3
    4-((R)-1-amino-2-hydroxy-ethyl)-3-methoxy-phenol
    —— (S)-4-(1-Amino-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-phenol 1187930-88-6 C8H8F3NO
    (S)-4-(1-Amino-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-phenol
    —— (r)-2-(1-Amino-2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitrophenol 1213512-36-7 C8H10N2O4
    (r)-2-(1-Amino-2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 5-chloro-2-[(1S)-1,2-diaminoethyl]-4-fluorophenol 1213873-51-8 C8H10ClFN2O
    5-chloro-2-[(1S)-1,2-diaminoethyl]-4-fluorophenol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1,2-Diaminoethyl]-1,3-benzenediol 1213101-46-2 C8H12N2O2
    2-[(1R)-1,2-Diaminoethyl]-1,3-benzenediol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-amino-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]-6-bromo-4-methoxyphenol 1213152-75-0 C9H9BrF3NO2
    2-[(1R)-1-amino-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]-6-bromo-4-methoxyphenol
    —— Benzeneacetic acid, I+/--amino-4,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-, (I+/-S)- 1381957-28-3 C8H6Br2N2O5
    Benzeneacetic acid, I+/--amino-4,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-, (I+/-S)-
    —— 3-[(1S)-1,2-Diaminoethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenemethanol 1212849-15-4 C9H13N3O4
    3-[(1S)-1,2-Diaminoethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenemethanol
    —— 3-[(1R)-1-Amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzeneacetonitrile 1213097-30-3 C11H14N2O3
    3-[(1R)-1-Amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzeneacetonitrile
    —— 2-amino-6-[(1S)-1,2-diaminoethyl]-4-methylphenol 1212973-14-2 C9H15N3O
    2-amino-6-[(1S)-1,2-diaminoethyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— 3-Chloro-5-(pentafluorosulfur)phenol 1240257-43-5 C6H4ClF5OS
    3-Chloro-5-(pentafluorosulfur)phenol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-N-isopropyl-N-(((pyridine-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methyl)acetamide 1401223-14-0 C19H20N4O4
    2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-N-isopropyl-N-(((pyridine-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methyl)acetamide
    —— 4-[5-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)thiophen-2-yl]benzene-1,2-diol 1394840-40-4 C16H12O4S
    4-[5-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)thiophen-2-yl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-2-ol 1415611-17-4 C14H20O2
    5-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-2-ol
    —— 3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl(Methyl)Phosphinic Acid 1383535-22-5 C7H9O4P
    3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl(Methyl)Phosphinic Acid
    —— 7721-07-5 C6H6MgO
    —— Tridecacyclo[31.19.5.57,27.514,46.520,40.12,6.115,19.128,32.141,45.153,57.159,63.165,69.171,75]octaconta-2(77),3,5,15(76),16,18,28,30,32(70),41,43,45(64),53(58),54,56,59(80),60,62,65(79),66,68,71,73,75(78)-tetracosaene-3,5,16,18,29,31,42,44,54,56,60,62,66,68,72,74-hexadecol 1393888-64-6 C80H88O16
    Tridecacyclo[31.19.5.57,27.514,46.520,40.12,6.115,19.128,32.141,45.153,57.159,63.165,69.171,75]octaconta-2(77),3,5,15(76),16,18,28,30,32(70),41,43,45(64),53(58),54,56,59(80),60,62,65(79),66,68,71,73,75(78)-tetracosaene-3,5,16,18,29,31,42,44,54,56,60,62,66,68,72,74-hexadecol
    —— 4549-72-8 C7H8NaO
    —— 4-allylsulfanylmethyl-phenol 54373-26-1 C10H12OS
    4-allylsulfanylmethyl-phenol
    —— 3-Pentyl-2-(prop-2-EN-1-YL)phenol 65683-19-4 C14H20O
    3-Pentyl-2-(prop-2-EN-1-YL)phenol
    —— 6-fluoro-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylphenol 1256257-64-3 C10H13FO2
    6-fluoro-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylphenol
    —— 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol 1356953-67-7 C12H15BClFO3
    2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-(4,5-dihydrothiophen-3-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 1228321-34-3 C10H10O2S
    4-(4,5-dihydrothiophen-3-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-bromo-N-(2-bromo-6-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-methylpropionamide 945969-43-7 C10H10Br2N2O4
    2-bromo-N-(2-bromo-6-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-methylpropionamide
    —— Phenol, 3,4-dipropoxy- 103686-20-0 C12H18O3
    Phenol, 3,4-dipropoxy-
    —— 2-[4-(Benzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl octanoate 878140-34-2 C23H30O3
    2-[4-(Benzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl octanoate
    —— 4-bromo-3-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-phenol 1161440-81-8 C9H11BrO2
    4-bromo-3-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-phenol
    —— 2-(hex-2-en-1-yl)-4-nitrophenol 1068753-61-6 C12H15NO3
    2-(hex-2-en-1-yl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-(Hexadecan-8-YL)phenol 88953-35-9 C22H38O
    2-(Hexadecan-8-YL)phenol
    —— 2-[4-(Benzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl tetradecanoate 794564-05-9 C29H42O3
    2-[4-(Benzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl tetradecanoate
    —— 2-[4-(2-methyl benzyloxy)phenyl]ethanol 1228930-60-6 C16H18O2
    2-[4-(2-methyl benzyloxy)phenyl]ethanol
    —— 2-[4-(Benzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl hexadecanoate 794564-03-7 C31H46O3
    2-[4-(Benzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl hexadecanoate
    —— 2-(Hexadecan-5-YL)phenol 88953-27-9 C22H38O
    2-(Hexadecan-5-YL)phenol
    —— 3-Cyclopentyl-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one 1611490-92-6 C16H18O2
    3-Cyclopentyl-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-fluoro-4-(1-methanesulfonyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-4-yl)-phenol 1262399-98-3 C12H14FNO3S
    2-fluoro-4-(1-methanesulfonyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-4-yl)-phenol
    —— 2-(Hexadecan-7-YL)phenol 88953-34-8 C22H38O
    2-(Hexadecan-7-YL)phenol
    —— (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 1261284-43-8 C16H15NO2
    (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-(4-methoxy-3-pentylphenyl)ethanol 1201954-94-0 C14H22O2
    2-(4-methoxy-3-pentylphenyl)ethanol
    —— 5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzenesulfonamide 928197-30-2 C6H5BrN2O5S
    5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzenesulfonamide
    —— (3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-(2,3-dihydropyrido[3,4-b][1,4]oxazin-1-yl)methanone hydrobromide 1198153-28-4 BrH*C14H10ClN3O5
    (3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-(2,3-dihydropyrido[3,4-b][1,4]oxazin-1-yl)methanone hydrobromide
    —— N-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]non-6-enamide 92085-23-9 C17H25NO3
    N-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]non-6-enamide
    —— Benzene;benzene-1,4-diol 840523-94-6 C12H12O2
    Benzene;benzene-1,4-diol
    —— Mercury;phenol 588-66-9 C6H6HgO
    Mercury;phenol
    —— N-cyclohexyl-N-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzamide 1235991-33-9 C15H20N2O4
    N-cyclohexyl-N-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzamide
    —— 4-(2-chloro-3-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one 1019769-66-4 C10H11ClO2
    4-(2-chloro-3-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one
    —— 4-(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one 1019769-67-5 C10H10F2O2
    4-(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one
    —— (4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl)-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone 924642-70-6 C13H18N2O3
    (4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl)-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-4-nitro-phenol 104333-07-5 C8H9NO4
    2-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(1-oxy-6-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-3-yl)-acrylonitrile 923287-88-1 C16H11F3N2O3
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(1-oxy-6-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-3-yl)-acrylonitrile