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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxopyrimidine-5-carboxamide —— C20H18N4O3S2
    N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxopyrimidine-5-carboxamide
    —— (3Z,5E)-4-hydroxy-6-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexa-3,5-dien-2-one —— C13H14O4
    (3Z,5E)-4-hydroxy-6-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexa-3,5-dien-2-one
    —— (E)-5-((2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazono)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol —— C14H12N4O6
    (E)-5-((2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazono)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzenemethylene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione —— C18H13BrN2O5
    1-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzenemethylene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
    —— 4-((1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-thio)methyl)-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide —— C23H20N4O3S
    4-((1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-thio)methyl)-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— diethyl [(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(phenylamino)methyl]phosphonate —— C18H24NO5P
    diethyl [(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(phenylamino)methyl]phosphonate
    —— (Z)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-one —— C11H10N2O3S
    (Z)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-one
    —— (E)-2-methoxy-5-(2-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)sulfinyl)vinyl)phenol —— C18H20O6S
    (E)-2-methoxy-5-(2-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)sulfinyl)vinyl)phenol
    —— (E)-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)benzohydrazide —— C22H17N3O3S
    (E)-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)benzohydrazide
    —— (E)-N′-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-phenoxyacetohydrazide —— C16H16N2O4
    (E)-N′-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-phenoxyacetohydrazide
    —— (E)-2-methoxy-5-(2-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)sulfinyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)phenol —— C19H22O6S
    (E)-2-methoxy-5-(2-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)sulfinyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)phenol
    —— N-cyclohexyl-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazine-1-carbothioamide —— C15H21N3O2S
    N-cyclohexyl-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazine-1-carbothioamide
    —— (E)-5-(2-fluoro-2-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)vinyl)-2-methoxyphenol —— C18H19FO7S
    (E)-5-(2-fluoro-2-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)vinyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— ethyl 4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C15H18N2O5
    ethyl 4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— (Z)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one —— C11H9NO3S2
    (Z)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-methoxy-5-(1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)phenol —— C22H21N3O5
    2-methoxy-5-(1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide —— C12H15N3O2S
    2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)acetonitrile —— C13H16N2O2
    2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)acetonitrile
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one —— C17H16N2O3S
    2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one
    —— (E)-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanecarbohydrazide —— C15H20N2O3
    (E)-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanecarbohydrazide
    —— 2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-4H-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran —— C21H25NO6
    2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-4H-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran
    —— (E)-2-methoxy-5-(2-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)vinyl)phenol —— C18H20O7S
    (E)-2-methoxy-5-(2-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)vinyl)phenol
    —— ((1E,1'E)-(2-oxocyclopentane-1,3-diylidene)bis(methanylylidene))bis(2-methoxy-4,1-phenylene) diacetate —— C21H20O5
    ((1E,1'E)-(2-oxocyclopentane-1,3-diylidene)bis(methanylylidene))bis(2-methoxy-4,1-phenylene) diacetate
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone —— C13H14O3
    2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone
    —— 2-amino-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile —— C19H20N2O4
    2-amino-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile
    —— 4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylisoxazol-5(4H)-one —— C12H11NO4
    4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylisoxazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde-oxime —— C8H8BrNO3
    2-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde-oxime
    —— N-(phenylethyl)-N-(2-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)amine —— C16H18BrNO2
    N-(phenylethyl)-N-(2-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)amine
    —— 3-acetyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-[3-(6-methylpyridinyl)]-2,3-dihydro-[1,3,4]-oxadiazole —— C16H15N3O4
    3-acetyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-[3-(6-methylpyridinyl)]-2,3-dihydro-[1,3,4]-oxadiazole
    —— (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-13-methyl-tetradecanamine —— C21H37NO2
    (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-13-methyl-tetradecanamine
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl-1-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] —— C20H30O12
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl-1-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside]
    —— trans-4-(2-hydroxy)ethyl-6-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one —— C19H25BrO4
    trans-4-(2-hydroxy)ethyl-6-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one
    —— 1-[5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl]propan-1-one —— C13H15BrN2O2
    1-[5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl]propan-1-one
    —— 1-[5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl]propan-1-one —— C13H14Br2N2O2
    1-[5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl]propan-1-one
    —— (R)-terbutaline —— C12H19NO3
    (R)-terbutaline
    —— [(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)(phenylamino)methyl]phosphonic acid dimethyl ester —— C16H20NO5P
    [(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)(phenylamino)methyl]phosphonic acid dimethyl ester
    —— 4-(1-cyclohexenyl-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl)phenol 1346600-38-1 C16H23NO
    4-(1-cyclohexenyl-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl)phenol
    —— 1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxy-2-(dimethylamino)propane —— C13H21NO3
    1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxy-2-(dimethylamino)propane
    —— threo-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-methoxy-2-<2-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)phenoxy>propane —— C21H26O5
    threo-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-methoxy-2-<2-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)phenoxy>propane
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,2-diol-monoformate —— C11H14O5
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,2-diol-monoformate
    —— 3-nitrophenyl N-(5-nitro-2-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate —— C15H13N3O7
    3-nitrophenyl N-(5-nitro-2-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate
    —— 3-nitrophenyl N-(4-nitro-2-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate —— C15H13N3O7
    3-nitrophenyl N-(4-nitro-2-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate
    —— 5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-octa-tert-butyl-50,51,53,54,55,56-hexahydroxy-49,52-[4-methoxypyridine-2,6-diylbis(methyleneoxy)]calix[8]arene —— C96H119NO9
    5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-octa-tert-butyl-50,51,53,54,55,56-hexahydroxy-49,52-[4-methoxypyridine-2,6-diylbis(methyleneoxy)]calix[8]arene
    —— 5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-octa-tert-butyl-50,51,52,54,55,56-hexahydroxy-49,53-[4-methoxypyridine-2,6-diylbis(methyleneoxy)]calix[8]arene —— C96H119NO9
    5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-octa-tert-butyl-50,51,52,54,55,56-hexahydroxy-49,53-[4-methoxypyridine-2,6-diylbis(methyleneoxy)]calix[8]arene
    —— p-tert-butylcalix<11>arene —— C121H154O11
    p-tert-butylcalix<11>arene
    —— p-tert-butylcalix<10>arene —— C110H140O10
    p-tert-butylcalix<10>arene
    —— 1-(3'-hydroxybenzyl)-3-amino-2-pyrazoline hydrochloride —— C10H13N3O*ClH
    1-(3'-hydroxybenzyl)-3-amino-2-pyrazoline hydrochloride
    —— 4-[2-(4-formylphenoxy)ethyl]phenyl N-(tert-butyl)carbamate —— C20H23NO4
    4-[2-(4-formylphenoxy)ethyl]phenyl N-(tert-butyl)carbamate
    —— N-[2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl]-N'-[2-bromophenyl] urea —— C13H10BrN3O4
    N-[2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl]-N'-[2-bromophenyl] urea
    —— benzyl 4‑(2‑hydroxy‑3‑methoxyphenyl)‑6‑methyl‑2‑oxo‑3,4‑dihydropyrimidine‑5‑carboxylate —— C20H20N2O5
    benzyl 4‑(2‑hydroxy‑3‑methoxyphenyl)‑6‑methyl‑2‑oxo‑3,4‑dihydropyrimidine‑5‑carboxylate