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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-methoxy-4-((trifluoromethyl)thio)phenol —— C8H7F3O2S
    2-methoxy-4-((trifluoromethyl)thio)phenol
    —— 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-pentanone —— C11H14O2
    2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-pentanone
    —— 1-(3-ethyl-5,5-ethylene-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propanone —— C23H28O2S
    1-(3-ethyl-5,5-ethylene-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-1-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-propanone
    —— 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-3-dodecylthiourea —— C21H36N2O2S
    1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-3-dodecylthiourea
    —— N-allyl 3-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2(E)-(hydroximino)propanamide —— C13H14Br2N2O4
    N-allyl 3-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2(E)-(hydroximino)propanamide
    —— (E)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-(3-(2-cyanobenzyloxy)phenylmethylidene)benzohydrazide —— C22H17N3O5
    (E)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-(3-(2-cyanobenzyloxy)phenylmethylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— N'-(3-((2-cyanobenzyl)oxy)benzylidene)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide —— C22H17N3O5
    N'-(3-((2-cyanobenzyl)oxy)benzylidene)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide
    —— (Z)-3-cyclohexyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one —— C17H19NO3S2
    (Z)-3-cyclohexyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-({[2-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-8-yl)ethyl]methylamino}methyl)-2-methoxyphenol —— C19H27NO4
    5-({[2-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-8-yl)ethyl]methylamino}methyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(2''-furyl)-1,3-bis(2'-hydroxy-5'-chlorobenzyl)imidazolidine —— C21H20Cl2N2O3
    2-(2''-furyl)-1,3-bis(2'-hydroxy-5'-chlorobenzyl)imidazolidine
    —— 2-(6-oxido-6H-dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin-6-yl)phenol —— C18H13O3P
    2-(6-oxido-6H-dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin-6-yl)phenol
    —— 1,3-diallyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione —— C18H18N2O5
    1,3-diallyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
    —— 2-[4,4-bis(hydroperoxy)hept-6-enyl]phenol —— C13H18O5
    2-[4,4-bis(hydroperoxy)hept-6-enyl]phenol
    —— 6,6'-((1E,1'E)-(propane-1,3-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2-methoxyphenol) —— C19H22N2O4
    6,6'-((1E,1'E)-(propane-1,3-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2-methoxyphenol)
    —— N,N,N-Tris{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino]-[2H-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3-yl]methyl-amino}ethylamine —— C63H87N19O3S6
    N,N,N-Tris{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino]-[2H-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3-yl]methyl-amino}ethylamine
    —— 1,2-calix[7]-crown-3 —— C81H104O8
    1,2-calix[7]-crown-3
    —— 4-(cyclohexylidenemethyl)phenol —— C13H16O
    4-(cyclohexylidenemethyl)phenol
    —— 3,5-bis(t-dodecylthiomethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylphenol —— C35H64OS2
    3,5-bis(t-dodecylthiomethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylphenol
    —— 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde —— C11H8O3
    5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6-benzofurandione —— C14H8O4
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6-benzofurandione
    —— 4-n-octyl-2-fluorophenol —— C14H21FO
    4-n-octyl-2-fluorophenol
    —— (3,5-dihydroxy-benzyl)-phosphonic acid dimethyl ester —— C9H13O5P
    (3,5-dihydroxy-benzyl)-phosphonic acid dimethyl ester
    —— 4-[2-(3-Phenoxy-propylamino)-ethoxy]-phenol monohydrobromide —— BrH*C17H21NO3
    4-[2-(3-Phenoxy-propylamino)-ethoxy]-phenol monohydrobromide
    —— 2-methyl-undecyl-calix[4]resorcinarene —— C76H120O8
    2-methyl-undecyl-calix[4]resorcinarene
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(thiophen-2-yl)-9-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydropyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one —— C21H14F3N3O3S2
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(thiophen-2-yl)-9-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydropyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one
    —— 2,6-dimethyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-(2-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]ethoxycarbonyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine —— C26H28N2O8
    2,6-dimethyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-(2-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]ethoxycarbonyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine
    —— Methyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanimidate;hydrochloride —— C9H11NO2*ClH
    Methyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanimidate;hydrochloride
    —— (E,E)-2-(benzylaminocarbonyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)acrylonitrile —— C20H18N2O3
    (E,E)-2-(benzylaminocarbonyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl)acrylonitrile
    —— 2-bromo-5-chlorobenzene-1,3-diol —— C6H4BrClO2
    2-bromo-5-chlorobenzene-1,3-diol
    —— (E)-4-((pyridin-3-ylmethylene)amino)phenol —— C12H10N2O
    (E)-4-((pyridin-3-ylmethylene)amino)phenol
    —— N,N'-bis-tyramine urea —— C17H20N2O3
    N,N'-bis-tyramine urea
    —— (R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid methyl ester —— C12H13NO4
    (R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid methyl ester
    —— (S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid methyl ester —— C12H13NO4
    (S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid methyl ester
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(6-[[(1S)-1-phenylpropyl]amino]pyrazin-2-yl)phenol —— C20H21N3O2
    2-methoxy-4-(6-[[(1S)-1-phenylpropyl]amino]pyrazin-2-yl)phenol
    —— citreofuran —— C16H16O5
    citreofuran
    —— 2,3,5,6-tetranitro-resorcinol —— C6H2N4O10
    2,3,5,6-tetranitro-resorcinol
    —— 2-(3-heptyl-3-hydroxydecyl)-phenol —— C23H40O2
    2-(3-heptyl-3-hydroxydecyl)-phenol
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-(3-((3-methoxybenzyl)oxy)benzylidene)benzohydrazide —— C22H20N2O6
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-(3-((3-methoxybenzyl)oxy)benzylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— (E)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-(3-(3-methoxybenzyloxy)phenylmethylidene)benzohydrazide —— C22H20N2O6
    (E)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-(3-(3-methoxybenzyloxy)phenylmethylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— N-benzyl 3-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2(E)-(hydroximino)propanamide —— C17H16Br2N2O4
    N-benzyl 3-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2(E)-(hydroximino)propanamide
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-ethylsulfanylmethyl)phenol —— C9H12O2S
    2-(2-hydroxy-ethylsulfanylmethyl)phenol
    —— o-nitro-p-isobutylphenol —— C10H13NO3
    o-nitro-p-isobutylphenol
    —— (Z)-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)octadec-13-en-5-one —— C24H38O2
    (Z)-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)octadec-13-en-5-one
    —— (E)-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)octadec-13-en-5-one —— C24H38O2
    (E)-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)octadec-13-en-5-one
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)-5-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole —— C13H8N6O8
    2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)-5-(1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole
    —— 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-3-pentanol —— C17H20O2
    1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-3-pentanol
    —— 2-ethyl-4,6,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]selenophen-5-ol —— C13H18OSe
    2-ethyl-4,6,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]selenophen-5-ol
    —— 5,11,17,23-tetrakis<(diallylamino)methyl>-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix<4>arene —— C56H68N4O4
    5,11,17,23-tetrakis<(diallylamino)methyl>-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix<4>arene
    —— 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde-4(N)-ethylthiosemicarbazone 301202-22-2 C11H15N3O2S
    3-methoxysalicylaldehyde-4(N)-ethylthiosemicarbazone
    —— dihydro-3-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene)furan-2(3H)-one —— C13H14O4
    dihydro-3-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene)furan-2(3H)-one