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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde-4(N)-phenylthiosemicarbazone —— C15H15N3O2S
    3-methoxysalicylaldehyde-4(N)-phenylthiosemicarbazone
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-hexan-3-one —— C12H16O2
    1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-hexan-3-one
    —— monochasiol C —— C21H35ClO2
    monochasiol C
    —— methyl 3-(5-{(Z)-[6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene]methyl}-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propanoate —— C26H26N2O5
    methyl 3-(5-{(Z)-[6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene]methyl}-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propanoate
    —— diethyl {4-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)carbonyl]-1-phenyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl}phosphonate —— C21H25N2O5P
    diethyl {4-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)carbonyl]-1-phenyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl}phosphonate
    —— 1,5-Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-pentan-3-ol —— C17H20O3
    1,5-Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-pentan-3-ol
    —— methyl 6-amino-5-cyano-4-(4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate —— C15H14N2O4
    methyl 6-amino-5-cyano-4-(4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate
    —— 5-(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-(4-diethylaminomethyl-phenyl)-isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid ethylamide —— C23H26ClN3O4
    5-(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-(4-diethylaminomethyl-phenyl)-isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid ethylamide
    —— 5,11,17,23-tetrakis(azidomethyl)-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix<4>arene —— C32H28N12O4
    5,11,17,23-tetrakis(azidomethyl)-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix<4>arene
    —— 5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione —— C13H12O6
    5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione
    —— (E)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-(benzyloxyphenylmethylidene)benzohydrazide —— C21H18N2O5
    (E)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-(benzyloxyphenylmethylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— N'-(4-(benzyloxy)benzylidene)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide —— C21H18N2O5
    N'-(4-(benzyloxy)benzylidene)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide
    —— N-nitroso-N-(3-keto-1,2-butanediol)-3'-nitrotyramine —— C12H15N3O7
    N-nitroso-N-(3-keto-1,2-butanediol)-3'-nitrotyramine
    —— 4-chloro-3-(4-(3,3-difluoro-1-methylpiperidin-4-ylamino)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenol —— C22H24ClF2N5O2
    4-chloro-3-(4-(3,3-difluoro-1-methylpiperidin-4-ylamino)-6-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenol
    —— 5(Z)-3-benzyl-5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)furan-2(5H)-one —— C18H14O3
    5(Z)-3-benzyl-5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)furan-2(5H)-one
    —— rubrolide K —— C17H9Br2ClO4
    rubrolide K
    —— Z-2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methylbut-2'-enyl)-4-methoxyphenol —— C12H16O3
    Z-2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methylbut-2'-enyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— N-(4-cyclohexylidenecyclohexyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide —— C21H29NO3
    N-(4-cyclohexylidenecyclohexyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— Ethyl [2-(2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropyl]acetate —— C13H14F2O3
    Ethyl [2-(2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropyl]acetate
    —— 5-(4-[2-(4-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C19H14F3NO6S2
    5-(4-[2-(4-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 4-hydroxybenzyl n-dodecyl thioether —— C19H32OS
    4-hydroxybenzyl n-dodecyl thioether
    —— (3S,4R)-4-formyl-3-(2-oxoethyl)hexanoic acid 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester —— C17H22O5
    (3S,4R)-4-formyl-3-(2-oxoethyl)hexanoic acid 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester
    —— 2-{[(5-t-butylisoxazol-3-yl)imino]methyl}-phenol —— C14H16N2O2
    2-{[(5-t-butylisoxazol-3-yl)imino]methyl}-phenol
    —— 5-chloro-N-chlorocarbonyl-N-{2-[4-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-methylphenoxy]ethyl}-6-methyl-4-pyrimidine amine —— C19H23Cl2N3O3
    5-chloro-N-chlorocarbonyl-N-{2-[4-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-methylphenoxy]ethyl}-6-methyl-4-pyrimidine amine
    —— 4-(1-hydroxy-1-trifluoromethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol —— C11H10F6O4
    4-(1-hydroxy-1-trifluoromethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 2.4.5.6-Tetranitro-3-oxy-1-methyl-benzol —— C7H4N4O9
    2.4.5.6-Tetranitro-3-oxy-1-methyl-benzol
    —— 4-Dodecyl-pyrogallol —— C18H30O3
    4-Dodecyl-pyrogallol
    —— 1-methyl-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohex-1-ene —— C13H16O
    1-methyl-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohex-1-ene
    —— ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-(methylthio)-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C16H20N2O4S
    ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-(methylthio)-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— N-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)acetamide —— C10H13NO2
    N-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)acetamide
    —— (Z)-4-(3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenol —— C15H22O3
    (Z)-4-(3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— AG-13 —— C8H10N4O2*ClH
    AG-13
    —— 2-(4-idrossifenil)-3-<2-(1,3,4-tiadiazolil)>-4-tiazolidinone —— C11H9N3O2S2
    2-(4-idrossifenil)-3-<2-(1,3,4-tiadiazolil)>-4-tiazolidinone
    —— (S)-orciprenaline 155418-87-4 C11H17NO3
    (S)-orciprenaline
    —— 5-[({3-[(4S,5R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]propyl}thio)methyl]benzene-1,3-diol 1130937-69-7 C17H24O4S
    5-[({3-[(4S,5R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]propyl}thio)methyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 3-cyano-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxide 1147335-67-8 C9H5N3O3
    3-cyano-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxide
    —— 6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-propyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol 1143508-27-3 C20H22O2
    6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-propyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol
    —— 6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-vinyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol 1143508-52-4 C19H20O2
    6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-vinyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol
    —— 2-{3-bromo-5-(trimethylsilyl)-4-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]phenyl}ethanol 1127943-36-5 C14H25BrO2Si2
    2-{3-bromo-5-(trimethylsilyl)-4-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]phenyl}ethanol
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]benzamidinium chloride 1143565-52-9 C15H16N2O2*ClH
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]benzamidinium chloride
    —— 2,2-diethyl-4-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane 1104385-96-7 C13H18O4
    2,2-diethyl-4-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane
    —— 2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane 1104385-98-9 C14H18O4
    2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane
    —— (2R,3S,4S,4aR,12aS)-2,3,4,4a,11,12a-hexahydro-2-hydroxymethyl-3,4,7-trihydroxybenzo[f]pyrano[3,2-b][1,4]oxathiocin-6-one 1119020-17-5 C14H16O7S
    (2R,3S,4S,4aR,12aS)-2,3,4,4a,11,12a-hexahydro-2-hydroxymethyl-3,4,7-trihydroxybenzo[f]pyrano[3,2-b][1,4]oxathiocin-6-one
    —— 2-bromo-6a-fluoro-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pentalen-1-one 1104633-47-7 C14H12BrFO2
    2-bromo-6a-fluoro-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pentalen-1-one
    —— 2-[(Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]phenol 1133807-37-0 C9H6ClF3O
    2-[(Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]phenol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-methylene-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pentalen-1-one 1104634-19-6 C15H14O2
    3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-methylene-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pentalen-1-one
    —— 2-bromo-3-(2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pentalen-1-one 1104634-31-2 C14H11BrF2O2
    2-bromo-3-(2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pentalen-1-one
    —— 2-bromo-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-methylene-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pentalen-1-one 1104634-18-5 C15H13BrO2
    2-bromo-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-methylene-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pentalen-1-one
    —— 4-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]-2-methylphenol 1122660-48-3 C16H13NO2S
    4-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]-2-methylphenol
    —— 3-(1-Aminoethyl)phenol hydrochloride 123982-81-0 C8H12ClNO
    3-(1-Aminoethyl)phenol hydrochloride