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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-[5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]benzene-1,2-diol 1122660-27-8 C16H12O3S
    4-[5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2,6-difluoro-4-[5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]phenol 1122660-31-4 C16H10F2O2S
    2,6-difluoro-4-[5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]phenol
    —— 4-[5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-thienyl]-2-methylphenol 1122660-46-1 C17H14O2S
    4-[5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-thienyl]-2-methylphenol
    —— methyl 2-(2-(2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxystyryl)-5-methyloxazol-4-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-5-methyloxazole-4-carboxylate 1096164-03-2 C21H20N2O7
    methyl 2-(2-(2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxystyryl)-5-methyloxazol-4-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-5-methyloxazole-4-carboxylate
    —— methyl 2-(2-(2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxystyryl)-5-methyloxazol-4-yl)-2-oxo-1-methylethyl)-5-methyloxazole-4-carboxylate 1096164-04-3 C22H22N2O7
    methyl 2-(2-(2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxystyryl)-5-methyloxazol-4-yl)-2-oxo-1-methylethyl)-5-methyloxazole-4-carboxylate
    —— diethyl (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenylsulfanylmethyl)phosphonate 1085957-26-1 C13H21O4PS
    diethyl (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenylsulfanylmethyl)phosphonate
    —— 2-Iodo-6-nitro-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulphonyl]phenol 1440535-20-5 C7H3F3INO5S
    2-Iodo-6-nitro-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulphonyl]phenol
    —— 2,4-bis(ethoxymethoxy)phenol 1083312-63-3 C12H18O5
    2,4-bis(ethoxymethoxy)phenol
    —— 4-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 1067911-59-4 C12H11BrO2S
    4-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-(thiophen-3-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 1067911-53-8 C10H8O2S
    4-(thiophen-3-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 1067911-44-7 C11H10O2S
    4-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 1067911-42-5 C10H7ClO2S
    4-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-(3-(2-bromoethyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 1067911-52-7 C12H11BrO2S
    4-(3-(2-bromoethyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 1067911-38-9 C11H10O2S
    4-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-[2,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-ynyl)phenyl]acetic acid methyl ester 1071817-60-1 C14H14O4
    2-[2,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-ynyl)phenyl]acetic acid methyl ester
    —— 3-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]phenol 1078733-89-7 C16H12O2S
    3-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]phenol
    —— 3-(4-phenyl-2-thienyl)phenol 1078733-87-5 C16H12OS
    3-(4-phenyl-2-thienyl)phenol
    —— 3-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]phenol 1078733-85-3 C16H12O2S
    3-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]phenol
    —— 3-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-thienyl]phenol 1078733-88-6 C16H12O2S
    3-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-thienyl]phenol
    —— 3-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]phenol 1078733-94-4 C16H12O2S
    3-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]phenol
    —— 2-(2E)-2-Hexen-1-yl-4-nitrophenol 1160933-56-1 C12H15NO3
    2-(2E)-2-Hexen-1-yl-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide 1145905-94-7 C18H17ClN2O4S
    2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide
    —— 2,3-dimethoxy-6-(2-nitrovinyl)-phenol 352668-06-5 C10H11NO5
    2,3-dimethoxy-6-(2-nitrovinyl)-phenol
    —— 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-nitrobenzamide 107355-70-4 C9H9BrN2O5
    3-bromo-4-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-nitrobenzamide
    —— 4-[(2R,4R,5R,6R)-2,6-diethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxyphenol 104789-94-8 C16H24O4
    4-[(2R,4R,5R,6R)-2,6-diethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-(benzenesulfonyl)benzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride 53760-99-9 C14H16ClNO4S
    5-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-(benzenesulfonyl)benzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride
    —— 2-(2'-Hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methylcyclohex-1-one 166523-46-2 C14H17BrO3
    2-(2'-Hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methylcyclohex-1-one
    —— 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-nitrobenzamide 136850-51-6 C7H6N2O6
    2,4,6-Trihydroxy-3-nitrobenzamide
    —— 5-(2-anilino-4-thiazolyl)-2,3-dihydroxybenzonitrile hydrochloride 134612-59-2 C16H11N3O2S*ClH
    5-(2-anilino-4-thiazolyl)-2,3-dihydroxybenzonitrile hydrochloride
    —— Rhizinonitril 38629-41-3 C10H11NO2
    Rhizinonitril
    —— 5-(1-Hydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 899419-47-7 C14H20N2O3
    5-(1-Hydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-3-phenethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole 1036384-89-0 C18H19NO2
    5-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-3-phenethyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole
    —— 2-allyl-3-methoxy-5-methylphenol 65632-89-5 C11H14O2
    2-allyl-3-methoxy-5-methylphenol
    —— 1-Piperazinepropionic acid, alpha-di-2-thienylmethylene-4-methyl-, ethyl ester, dipicrate 103278-63-3 C31H30N8O16S2
    1-Piperazinepropionic acid, alpha-di-2-thienylmethylene-4-methyl-, ethyl ester, dipicrate
    —— 6-allyl-3-bromo-2-chlorophenol 1014625-98-9 C9H8BrClO
    6-allyl-3-bromo-2-chlorophenol
    —— 2-O-tert-butyl 1-O-methyl (1R,2R)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylate 556105-09-0 C16H20O5
    2-O-tert-butyl 1-O-methyl (1R,2R)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylate
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)propanehydrazide 203626-59-9 C9H10N4O6
    3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)propanehydrazide
    —— 4'-Hydroxy-3'-methoxy-4-stilbazol-methoiodid 31054-25-8 C15H16NO2*I
    4'-Hydroxy-3'-methoxy-4-stilbazol-methoiodid
    —— 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridin-5(4H)-one 1011407-64-9 C22H21NO5S
    3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridin-5(4H)-one
    —— Diphenyliodanium;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 6293-65-8 C18H13IN3O7+
    Diphenyliodanium;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2-[1-hydroxy-3-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-undecafluoro-hexyloxymethyl)but-3-enyl]phenol 1000170-39-7 C17H15F11O3
    2-[1-hydroxy-3-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-undecafluoro-hexyloxymethyl)but-3-enyl]phenol
    —— 4-{(Z)-[4-Methyl-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]amino}phenol 777849-02-2 C13H14N2OS
    4-{(Z)-[4-Methyl-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]amino}phenol
    —— 2,5-bis(phenylselenylmethyl)benzene-1,4-diol 947326-52-5 C20H18O2Se2
    2,5-bis(phenylselenylmethyl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 3-{(E)-[4-Methyl-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]amino}phenol 478019-60-2 C13H14N2OS
    3-{(E)-[4-Methyl-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]amino}phenol
    —— Adamantanyl trihydroxybenzamide 343346-17-8 C17H21NO4
    Adamantanyl trihydroxybenzamide
    —— Sodium;hydroxy-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methanesulfonate 19473-06-4 C7H7O5S*Na
    Sodium;hydroxy-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methanesulfonate
    —— 3-Chlor-5-methyl-brenzcatechin 3978-66-3 C7H7ClO2
    3-Chlor-5-methyl-brenzcatechin
    —— 3,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylphenol 1403245-24-8 C9H12O3
    3,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylphenol
    —— Piperazin-bis(2,4,5-trichlorphenolat) 3689-65-4 C4H10N2*C6H3Cl3O
    Piperazin-bis(2,4,5-trichlorphenolat)
    —— 2,4,6-trifluoroglucinol 570391-17-2 C6H3F3O3
    2,4,6-trifluoroglucinol