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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— tetraformylresorcin[4]arene —— C48H56O12
    tetraformylresorcin[4]arene
    —— 4-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-one —— C12H12O3
    4-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-one
    —— (2R,3S,4S)-4-{[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}-3-formyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-acetic acid methyl ester —— C19H22O8
    (2R,3S,4S)-4-{[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}-3-formyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-acetic acid methyl ester
    —— 3,5-bis-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1-methylpiperidin-4-one —— C20H19NO5
    3,5-bis-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1-methylpiperidin-4-one
    —— (E)-4-(((2-hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol —— C13H11NO3
    (E)-4-(((2-hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-thioxothiazolidine-4-one —— C18H15NO4S2
    5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-thioxothiazolidine-4-one
    —— (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione —— C11H9NO4
    (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione
    —— N-methoxy-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldimine —— C8H9NO3
    N-methoxy-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldimine
    —— 3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenz-(E)-ylidene)-4-piperidone hydrochloride —— C19H17NO5*ClH
    3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenz-(E)-ylidene)-4-piperidone hydrochloride
    —— 5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H11NO4S2
    5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 1,1',2,2'-tetra-hydroxyl{4'',4'''-phenylenebis[aminomethyl]}bisphenol —— C20H16N2O4
    1,1',2,2'-tetra-hydroxyl{4'',4'''-phenylenebis[aminomethyl]}bisphenol
    —— (E)-4-(2-(dodecylsulfonyl)vinyl)benzene-1,2-diol —— C20H32O4S
    (E)-4-(2-(dodecylsulfonyl)vinyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (Z)-3-(5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)propanoic acid —— C13H11NO5S2
    (Z)-3-(5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)propanoic acid
    —— N,N'-bis-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine —— C20H16N2O2
    N,N'-bis-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine
    —— (Z)-ethyl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-3,5-dihydro-2H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C23H19ClN2O5S
    (Z)-ethyl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-3,5-dihydro-2H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 3,4-dihydroxymandelamidoxime monohydrate —— C8H10N2O4*H2O
    3,4-dihydroxymandelamidoxime monohydrate
    —— (Z)-3-(3-bromobenzyl)-5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C17H12BrNO4S
    (Z)-3-(3-bromobenzyl)-5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-amino-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile —— C16H14N2O4
    2-amino-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile
    —— (E)-4-(2-(octylsulfonyl)vinyl)benzene-1,2-diol —— C16H24O4S
    (E)-4-(2-(octylsulfonyl)vinyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (E)-4-(2-((11-hydroxyundecyl)sulfonyl)vinyl)benzene-1,2-diol —— C19H30O5S
    (E)-4-(2-((11-hydroxyundecyl)sulfonyl)vinyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (3E,5E)-1-cyclopropyl-3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)piperidin-4-one —— C22H21NO5
    (3E,5E)-1-cyclopropyl-3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)piperidin-4-one
    —— (2Z,5E)-2,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone —— C19H16O5
    (2Z,5E)-2,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone
    —— (3Z,5Z)-3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)dihydro-2H-thiopyran-4(3H)-one —— C19H16O5S
    (3Z,5Z)-3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)dihydro-2H-thiopyran-4(3H)-one
    —— (3E,5E)-3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)piperidin-4-one —— C19H17NO5
    (3E,5E)-3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)piperidin-4-one
    —— 6-amino-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-propyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile —— C16H16N4O3
    6-amino-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-propyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile
    —— 2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)propan-2-amine oxide —— C14H22NO6P
    2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)propan-2-amine oxide
    —— (3E,5E)-3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)dihydro-2H-pyran-4(3H)-one —— C19H16O6
    (3E,5E)-3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)dihydro-2H-pyran-4(3H)-one
    —— (E)-4-((3-mercapto-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ylimino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol 1528690-50-7 C13H10N6O2S
    (E)-4-((3-mercapto-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ylimino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (3E,5E)-3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1-methylpiperidin-4-one —— C20H19NO5
    (3E,5E)-3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1-methylpiperidin-4-one
    —— (E)-N'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-((5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio)acetohydrazide 1480227-25-5 C16H13N5O4S
    (E)-N'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-((5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio)acetohydrazide
    —— (2E,5E)-2,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone —— C19H16O5
    (2E,5E)-2,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone
    —— 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl-propargylamine —— C10H11NO2
    3,4-dihydroxybenzyl-propargylamine
    —— 6-amino-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile —— C14H12N4O3
    6-amino-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile
    —— (E)-2-hydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanaloxime —— C8H9NO4
    (E)-2-hydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanaloxime
    —— 2-(hydroxy(pyridin-2-yl)methyl)phenol —— C12H11NO2
    2-(hydroxy(pyridin-2-yl)methyl)phenol
    —— α-Hydroxy-3-(azidomethyl)-4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid —— C9H9N3O4
    α-Hydroxy-3-(azidomethyl)-4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid
    —— 1-(3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl)-1-phenethyl-3-phenethylthiourea —— C27H32N2O2S
    1-(3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl)-1-phenethyl-3-phenethylthiourea
    —— 1-benzyl-1-(3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl)-3-phenethylthiourea —— C26H30N2O2S
    1-benzyl-1-(3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl)-3-phenethylthiourea
    —— 3-hydroxy-5-[hydroxy-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one —— C20H20O7
    3-hydroxy-5-[hydroxy-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-one
    —— 15,16-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazatricyclo[9.3.1.1<sup>4,8</sup>]hexadecane —— C24H32N4O2
    15,16-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazatricyclo[9.3.1.1<sup>4,8</sup>]hexadecane
    —— N,N-dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate —— C4H11NO*C6H3N3O7
    N,N-dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate
    —— picrate of 2,2-diallyl-1-azacyclotridecane —— C6H3N3O7*C18H33N
    picrate of 2,2-diallyl-1-azacyclotridecane
    —— (4aR,8aR)-decahydroisoquinoline picrate —— C6H3N3O7*C9H17N
    (4aR,8aR)-decahydroisoquinoline picrate
    —— (4S)-4,5-dihydro-2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-4-isopropyloxyoxazole —— C12H15NO2
    (4S)-4,5-dihydro-2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-4-isopropyloxyoxazole
    —— (S)-2-fluoro-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenol —— C8H9FO2
    (S)-2-fluoro-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— (S)-3-fluoro-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenol —— C8H9FO2
    (S)-3-fluoro-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 2-fluoro-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenol —— C8H9FO2
    2-fluoro-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 3-fluoro-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenol —— C8H9FO2
    3-fluoro-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— (S)-3-chloro-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenol —— C8H9ClO2
    (S)-3-chloro-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 1-{2’-[(5''-bromopentyl)oxy]ethyl}-4-methoxybenzene —— C14H21BrO2
    1-{2’-[(5''-bromopentyl)oxy]ethyl}-4-methoxybenzene