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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1,5-Bis(dimethylamino)pentan-3-one;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7464-95-1 C15H23N5O8
    1,5-Bis(dimethylamino)pentan-3-one;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— Copper;2,4,6-trichlorophenol 57131-54-1 C6H3Cl3CuO+2
    Copper;2,4,6-trichlorophenol
    —— 3-(4-Aminobenzene-1-sulfonyl)-5-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 53761-01-6 C14H17ClN2O4S
    3-(4-Aminobenzene-1-sulfonyl)-5-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— 4-[2-(Diethylamino)ethoxy]phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 5465-21-4 C12H20ClNO2
    4-[2-(Diethylamino)ethoxy]phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--1,4-bis(2-chloroethyl)piperazine (1/1) 1246-58-8 C14H19Cl2N5O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--1,4-bis(2-chloroethyl)piperazine (1/1)
    —— Pyridinium, 1-ethyl-2-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl)-, bromide (1:1) 6266-17-7 C16H18BrNO2
    Pyridinium, 1-ethyl-2-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl)-, bromide (1:1)
    —— trans-4-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenylvinyl)-pyridin-methojodid 23369-62-2 C14H14NO2*I
    trans-4-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenylvinyl)-pyridin-methojodid
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--2,4-dimethylquinoline (1/1) 1567-43-7 C17H14N4O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--2,4-dimethylquinoline (1/1)
    —— Sodium;4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid 6313-34-4 C6H5NNaO6S+
    Sodium;4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid
    —— 4-(Benzyloxy)-2-{[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl}phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 6309-96-2 C18H24ClNO4
    4-(Benzyloxy)-2-{[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl}phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— 3,3-Diethyl-3,7-diazoniaspiro[6.6]tridecane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7463-11-8 C21H35N5O7+2
    3,3-Diethyl-3,7-diazoniaspiro[6.6]tridecane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-(Benzyloxy)-2,6-bis[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 6641-93-6 C23H31ClN2O4
    4-(Benzyloxy)-2,6-bis[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-amine (1/1) 6628-61-1 C13H13N5O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-amine (1/1)
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--N,N-diethyl-3-(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propan-1-amine (1/1) 6938-52-9 C21H26N6O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--N,N-diethyl-3-(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propan-1-amine (1/1)
    —— (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3methoxystyryl)-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium iodide 6286-06-2 C20H22NO2*I
    (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3methoxystyryl)-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium iodide
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--1,2,5,6-tetrazocane (1/1) 59417-01-5 C10H15N7O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--1,2,5,6-tetrazocane (1/1)
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-2,3'-bipyridine (1/1) 2912-23-4 C17H17N5O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-2,3'-bipyridine (1/1)
    —— Sodium;3-methyl-4-nitrophenol 2666-76-4 C7H7NNaO3+
    Sodium;3-methyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— 3-Oxa-6,9-diazoniadispiro[5.2.89.36]icosane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7463-15-2 C23H37N5O8+2
    3-Oxa-6,9-diazoniadispiro[5.2.89.36]icosane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— Diethyl-methyl-[2-(1-methylazonan-1-ium-1-yl)ethyl]azanium;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7596-83-0 C22H39N5O7+2
    Diethyl-methyl-[2-(1-methylazonan-1-ium-1-yl)ethyl]azanium;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-(Dimethylamino)-3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]butan-2-one--2,4,6-trinitrophenol (1/1) 7465-01-2 C15H23N5O8
    4-(Dimethylamino)-3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]butan-2-one--2,4,6-trinitrophenol (1/1)
    —— 2-[(Z)-2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-3-ium iodide 7466-17-3 C17H16INO3
    2-[(Z)-2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-3-ium iodide
    —— N,N,N',N',N'',N''-Hexamethylphosphoric triamide--benzene-1,4-diol (1/1) 40725-70-0 C12H24N3O3P
    N,N,N',N',N'',N''-Hexamethylphosphoric triamide--benzene-1,4-diol (1/1)
    —— 1H,3H-Furo(3,4-c)oxepin-1-one, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)-3a,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-4-(2-oxopropylidene)- 133360-41-5 C25H20O9
    1H,3H-Furo(3,4-c)oxepin-1-one, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)-3a,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-4-(2-oxopropylidene)-
    —— methyl (Z)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxofuran-2(5H)-ylidene)acetate 1258941-25-1 C13H10O6
    methyl (Z)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxofuran-2(5H)-ylidene)acetate
    —— 3,14'-Bihispidinyl 62682-06-8 C26H18O10
    3,14'-Bihispidinyl
    —— methyl (R)-2-hydroxy-2-((R)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)acetate 1258941-30-8 C13H12O7
    methyl (R)-2-hydroxy-2-((R)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)acetate
    —— N-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-methylpentanamide 921607-22-9 C14H21NO2
    N-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-methylpentanamide
    —— I+/--(Cyclohexylamino)-4-hydroxybenzeneacetonitrile 1184224-86-9 C14H18N2O
    I+/--(Cyclohexylamino)-4-hydroxybenzeneacetonitrile
    —— 2-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzenamine 1183201-86-6 C15H17NO2
    2-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzenamine
    —— BF3-phenol complex 372-44-1 C6H6BF3O
    BF3-phenol complex
    —— (S)-4-(1-Aminoethyl)-3-methylphenol 1228569-24-1 C9H13NO
    (S)-4-(1-Aminoethyl)-3-methylphenol
    —— 3-methoxy-4-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]phenol 1411975-50-2 C9H9NO4
    3-methoxy-4-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]phenol
    —— Phenol, 4-[1-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]ethyl]-2-methoxy- 946658-69-1 C11H18N2O2
    Phenol, 4-[1-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]ethyl]-2-methoxy-
    —— 1,2,4-Benzenetriol, 5-[(1S)-1-aminobutyl]- 1315051-75-2 C10H15NO3
    1,2,4-Benzenetriol, 5-[(1S)-1-aminobutyl]-
    —— (S)-2-(1-Aminopropyl)-5-methoxyphenol 1228569-22-9 C10H15NO2
    (S)-2-(1-Aminopropyl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— (R)-4-(1-aminoethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 1241680-00-1 C10H15NO3
    (R)-4-(1-aminoethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— (R)-4-(2-Amino-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenol 1213902-17-0 C9H13NO2
    (R)-4-(2-Amino-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-amino-2-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-5-fluorophenol 1213956-34-3 C8H11FN2O
    4-amino-2-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-5-fluorophenol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-amino-3-hydroxypropyl]phenol 1212913-46-6 C9H13NO2
    2-[(1R)-1-amino-3-hydroxypropyl]phenol
    —— (I(3)R)-I(3)-Amino-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylbenzenepropanol 1212972-63-8 C11H17NO2
    (I(3)R)-I(3)-Amino-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylbenzenepropanol
    —— 2-fluoro-3-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyde 1260657-56-4 C8H7FO3
    2-fluoro-3-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2-chloro-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol 839694-34-7 C9H11ClO2
    2-chloro-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol
    —— 4-(1-Amino-2-hydroxyethyl)-2-nitrophenol 1270484-81-5 C8H10N2O4
    4-(1-Amino-2-hydroxyethyl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 4-amino-2-[(1S)-1,2-diaminoethyl]-5-fluorophenol 1213882-29-1 C8H12FN3O
    4-amino-2-[(1S)-1,2-diaminoethyl]-5-fluorophenol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-Amino-2-propen-1-yl]-4-fluoro-6-methoxyphenol 1213485-49-4 C10H12FNO2
    2-[(1R)-1-Amino-2-propen-1-yl]-4-fluoro-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-2,5-difluorophenol 1213104-82-5 C8H9F2NO
    4-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-2,5-difluorophenol
    —— Benzeneacetic acid, I+/--amino-5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-, (R)- 117446-21-6 C9H11NO4
    Benzeneacetic acid, I+/--amino-5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-, (R)-
    —— (R)-1-(2'-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine 1213153-35-5 C10H15NO3
    (R)-1-(2'-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine
    —— (S)-4-(1-Amino-2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylphenol 1213453-45-2 C9H13NO2
    (S)-4-(1-Amino-2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylphenol