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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-Methyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phenol 935534-22-8 C9H9F3O
    5-Methyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phenol
    —— (R)-2-(1-aminobutyl)phenol 870196-05-7 C10H15NO
    (R)-2-(1-aminobutyl)phenol
    —— 4-[(1R)-1-amino-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]phenol 1187928-59-1 C8H8F3NO
    4-[(1R)-1-amino-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]phenol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride 1075748-92-3 C7H7ClO4S
    4-Hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride 1261679-16-6 C7H7ClO4S
    3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride
    —— 4-(1-Aminoethyl)-2,6-dimethylphenol 1270452-53-3 C10H15NO
    4-(1-Aminoethyl)-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— Phenol, 2-(1-amino-3-buten-1-yl)-4-methyl- 1270391-54-2 C11H15NO
    Phenol, 2-(1-amino-3-buten-1-yl)-4-methyl-
    —— Phenol, 2-(1-amino-2-propen-1-yl)-6-fluoro- 1270569-05-5 C9H10FNO
    Phenol, 2-(1-amino-2-propen-1-yl)-6-fluoro-
    —— Phenol, 4-(1-amino-3-buten-1-yl)-3-ethyl- 1270404-68-6 C12H17NO
    Phenol, 4-(1-amino-3-buten-1-yl)-3-ethyl-
    —— Phenol, 2-(1-aminobutyl)-6-fluoro- 1270332-14-3 C10H14FNO
    Phenol, 2-(1-aminobutyl)-6-fluoro-
    —— 4-[[1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]-N-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-acetamide 1184221-16-6 C15H20N4O2
    4-[[1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]-N-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-acetamide
    —— 2,3-Dihydro-N-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-5-thiazolesulfonamide 1184790-46-2 C12H14N2O4S2
    2,3-Dihydro-N-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-N,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-5-thiazolesulfonamide
    —— N-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-methylbut-2-enamide 921607-21-8 C13H17NO2
    N-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-methylbut-2-enamide
    —— N-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(methylsulfanyl)propanamide 921607-23-0 C12H17NO2S
    N-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(methylsulfanyl)propanamide
    —— m-Oxyphenylmilchsaure 17119-17-4 C9H10O4
    m-Oxyphenylmilchsaure
    —— Phosphonic acid, P,Pa(2)-[1,6-hexanediylbis[imino[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]]]bis-, P,Pa(2)-diethyl ester 1356165-85-9 C24H38N2O8P2
    Phosphonic acid, P,Pa(2)-[1,6-hexanediylbis[imino[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]]]bis-, P,Pa(2)-diethyl ester
    —— 2-Bromo-6-methoxy-4-{[(prop-2-en-1-yl)amino]methyl}phenol hydrochloride 1240578-15-7 C11H15BrClNO2
    2-Bromo-6-methoxy-4-{[(prop-2-en-1-yl)amino]methyl}phenol hydrochloride
    —— I+/--Cyclopropyl-I+/--(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol 101038-99-7 C14H14N2O2
    I+/--Cyclopropyl-I+/--(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol
    —— 5-Hydroxy-2-imino-1.3-benzoxathiol 78213-05-5 C7H5NO2S
    5-Hydroxy-2-imino-1.3-benzoxathiol
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-[[methyl-[2-[methyl-[(5-nitro-2-oxidophenyl)methyl]amino]ethyl]amino]methyl]phenolate;propan-2-olate;titanium(4+) —— C24H33Br2N3O6Ti
    2,4-Dibromo-6-[[methyl-[2-[methyl-[(5-nitro-2-oxidophenyl)methyl]amino]ethyl]amino]methyl]phenolate;propan-2-olate;titanium(4+)
    —— 2,4-Dichloro-6-[[methyl-[2-[methyl-[(5-nitro-2-oxidophenyl)methyl]amino]ethyl]amino]methyl]phenolate;propan-2-olate;titanium(4+) —— C24H33Cl2N3O6Ti
    2,4-Dichloro-6-[[methyl-[2-[methyl-[(5-nitro-2-oxidophenyl)methyl]amino]ethyl]amino]methyl]phenolate;propan-2-olate;titanium(4+)
    —— (2S,8R,14S,20R)-5,17-dibromo-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1345402-13-2 C44H54Br2O8
    (2S,8R,14S,20R)-5,17-dibromo-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— (4-Hydroxyanilino)methylidene-dimethylazanium;chloride 2350-69-8 C9H13N2O*Cl
    (4-Hydroxyanilino)methylidene-dimethylazanium;chloride
    —— 2-allyl-6-bromo-4-fluorophenol 852111-53-6 C9H8BrFO
    2-allyl-6-bromo-4-fluorophenol
    —— 3-chloro-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol 1451391-17-5 C12H16BClO3
    3-chloro-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3-((4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy)methyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride 1219967-80-2 C14H22ClNO2
    3-((4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy)methyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride
    —— 4-{2-[4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy]ethyl}piperidine hydrochloride 1219964-34-7 C16H26ClNO2
    4-{2-[4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy]ethyl}piperidine hydrochloride
    —— 4-(2,5-dichloro-4-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)thiophen-3-yl)-2,5-difluorophenol 1360605-01-1 C15H9Cl2F2NO2S
    4-(2,5-dichloro-4-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)thiophen-3-yl)-2,5-difluorophenol
    —— Sodium alpha-(3,5-dibromo-2-methyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadienylidene)-alpha-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)toluenesulphonate 62625-32-5 C21H13Br4NaO5S
    Sodium alpha-(3,5-dibromo-2-methyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadienylidene)-alpha-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)toluenesulphonate
    —— 5-bromo-4-(2,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-N'-hydroxythiophene-2-carboximidamide 1360604-99-4 C16H12BrF2N3O3S
    5-bromo-4-(2,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-N'-hydroxythiophene-2-carboximidamide
    —— 5-chloro-4-(2,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-N'-hydroxythiophene-2-carboximidamide 1360605-02-2 C16H12ClF2N3O3S
    5-chloro-4-(2,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-N'-hydroxythiophene-2-carboximidamide
    —— N-(2-(Dimethylamino)-1-methylethyl)-N-(2-thienyl)propionamide picrate 94030-34-9 C18H23N5O8S
    N-(2-(Dimethylamino)-1-methylethyl)-N-(2-thienyl)propionamide picrate
    —— N,N'-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)thioperoxydicarbamic acid 94023-58-2 C14H12N2O2S4
    N,N'-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)thioperoxydicarbamic acid
    —— Sodium 4-arsono-2-nitrophenolate 5985-41-1 C6H5AsNNaO6
    Sodium 4-arsono-2-nitrophenolate
    —— Mercresin 8063-34-1 C18H23ClHgO2
    Mercresin
    —— (-)-2-(3-Pyridyl)piperidine dipicrate 37520-45-9 C22H20N8O14
    (-)-2-(3-Pyridyl)piperidine dipicrate
    —— 3-Ethyl-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpiperidine, hydrochloride 93760-11-3 C14H22ClNO
    3-Ethyl-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpiperidine, hydrochloride
    —— 4,4'-(Iminobis(4,1-phenylene(1-methylethylidene)))bisphenol 85586-53-4 C30H27NO2
    4,4'-(Iminobis(4,1-phenylene(1-methylethylidene)))bisphenol
    —— (Methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(iminocarbonyloxy-2,1-ethanediyloxy-4,1-phenylene(1-methylethylidene)-4,1-phenyleneoxy-2,1-ethanediyl) diacrylate 85865-95-8 C34H34N2O10
    (Methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(iminocarbonyloxy-2,1-ethanediyloxy-4,1-phenylene(1-methylethylidene)-4,1-phenyleneoxy-2,1-ethanediyl) diacrylate
    —— Phenyl-2-piperidylcarbinol*HCl 32467-95-1 C12H17NO2*ClH
    Phenyl-2-piperidylcarbinol*HCl
    —— 1,2-Benzisothiazole-2(3H)-carboxylic acid, 3,3-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-, 2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl ester, 1,1-dioxide 70367-99-6 C27H29NO12S2
    1,2-Benzisothiazole-2(3H)-carboxylic acid, 3,3-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-, 2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl ester, 1,1-dioxide
    —— 1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-5-methoxypyrimidine picrate 900-53-8 C11H13N5O8
    1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-5-methoxypyrimidine picrate
    —— 3-methyl-2-[(E)-pent-3-en-2-yl]phenol 1353001-88-3 C12H16O
    3-methyl-2-[(E)-pent-3-en-2-yl]phenol
    —— (S)-4-(1-amino-3-hydroxypropyl)phenol 1213129-23-7 C9H13NO2
    (S)-4-(1-amino-3-hydroxypropyl)phenol
    —— 5-(2-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,5-dinitro-phenyl)-pyridazin-3(2H)-one 1321900-60-0 C11H8N4O6
    5-(2-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,5-dinitro-phenyl)-pyridazin-3(2H)-one
    —— 5-(2-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,5-dinitro-phenyl)-2-phenyl-2H-pyridazin-3-one 1321900-71-3 C17H12N4O6
    5-(2-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,5-dinitro-phenyl)-2-phenyl-2H-pyridazin-3-one
    —— benzyl N-[3,5,7-tris[3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-1-adamantyl]carbamate 1326757-20-3 C51H62N4O11
    benzyl N-[3,5,7-tris[3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-1-adamantyl]carbamate
    —— (2Z,4Z)-N-[(E)-3-[(1S,11S,13R)-7-hydroxy-9-oxo-10,17-dioxatricyclo[11.3.1.03,8]heptadeca-3(8),4,6,15-tetraen-11-yl]prop-1-enyl]hepta-2,4-dienamide 1350978-77-6 C25H29NO5
    (2Z,4Z)-N-[(E)-3-[(1S,11S,13R)-7-hydroxy-9-oxo-10,17-dioxatricyclo[11.3.1.03,8]heptadeca-3(8),4,6,15-tetraen-11-yl]prop-1-enyl]hepta-2,4-dienamide
    —— 3-[3-amino-5,7-bis[3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-1-adamantyl]-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide 1326757-22-5 C43H56N4O9
    3-[3-amino-5,7-bis[3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-1-adamantyl]-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide
    —— (1S,11S,13S,15S)-15-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-7-hydroxy-11-(2-hydroxyethyl)-10,17-dioxatricyclo[11.3.1.03,8]heptadeca-3(8),4,6-trien-9-one 1350979-11-1 C23H36O6Si
    (1S,11S,13S,15S)-15-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-7-hydroxy-11-(2-hydroxyethyl)-10,17-dioxatricyclo[11.3.1.03,8]heptadeca-3(8),4,6-trien-9-one