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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-bromo-2-(2-bromoprop-2-enyl)phenol 188714-75-2 C9H8Br2O
    5-bromo-2-(2-bromoprop-2-enyl)phenol
    —— Phenol-Formaldehyde Urea 93925-50-9 C8H12N2O3
    Phenol-Formaldehyde Urea
    —— 3-Amino-4-methylphenol hydrochloride 227302-39-8 C7H10ClNO
    3-Amino-4-methylphenol hydrochloride
    —— 2-chloro-6-methoxy-4-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]phenol 871125-89-2 C9H8ClNO4
    2-chloro-6-methoxy-4-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]phenol
    —— ortho-(trichloromethyl)phenol 69911-63-3 C7H5Cl3O
    ortho-(trichloromethyl)phenol
    —— 1,3-Benzenediol, nitro-, lead(2+) salt (1:1) 70268-38-1 C6H5NO4Pb+2
    1,3-Benzenediol, nitro-, lead(2+) salt (1:1)
    —— 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;sulfuric acid 77101-45-2 C8H13NO7S
    4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;sulfuric acid
    —— 1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)undecan-2-one 19810-04-9 C17H26O3
    1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)undecan-2-one
    —— Barium bis(2,4,6-trinitroresorcinolate) 20236-55-9 C6H3BaN3O8+2
    Barium bis(2,4,6-trinitroresorcinolate)
    —— 4-[4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3,5-dioxopyrazolidin-1-yl]benzonitrile 1158813-50-3 C18H13N3O4
    4-[4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3,5-dioxopyrazolidin-1-yl]benzonitrile
    —— 5-(Methoxymethyl)-2-nitrophenol 824933-92-8 C8H9NO4
    5-(Methoxymethyl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylpropyl)-5-methoxyphenol 886843-02-3 C12H18O3
    2-(3-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylpropyl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(S)-ethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl-thio)propan-1-ol 470454-39-8 C12H18O2S
    2-(S)-ethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl-thio)propan-1-ol
    —— 2-Methoxy-3-methyl-4-prop-1-enylphenol 13041-12-8 C11H14O2
    2-Methoxy-3-methyl-4-prop-1-enylphenol
    —— 3-amino-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-ol 2380-77-0 C9H13NO2
    3-amino-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-ol
    —— 3-Pentadeca-8,11-dienylbenzene-1,2-diol;3-pentadeca-8,11,13-trienylbenzene-1,2-diol;3-pentadeca-8,11,14-trienylbenzene-1,2-diol;3-pentadec-8-enylbenzene-1,2-diol;3-pentadecylbenzene-1,2-diol —— C105H162O10
    3-Pentadeca-8,11-dienylbenzene-1,2-diol;3-pentadeca-8,11,13-trienylbenzene-1,2-diol;3-pentadeca-8,11,14-trienylbenzene-1,2-diol;3-pentadec-8-enylbenzene-1,2-diol;3-pentadecylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3-Fluoro-6-methyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol 1451391-55-1 C13H18BFO3
    3-Fluoro-6-methyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— Ethyl 2-[2-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)cyclopropyl]acetate 381226-70-6 C14H18O3
    Ethyl 2-[2-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)cyclopropyl]acetate
    —— Ethyl 2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopentyl]acetate —— C9H18N3O3Pol
    Ethyl 2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopentyl]acetate
    —— (2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-[4-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methanone 473733-89-0 C16H15N3O5S
    (2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-[4-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methanone
    —— 2-(Furan-2-yl)-7-(4-methoxyphenethoxy)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-amine 539822-17-8 C18H17N5O3
    2-(Furan-2-yl)-7-(4-methoxyphenethoxy)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-amine
    —— 4-((Hydroxymethoxy)methyl)phenol 90352-27-5 C8H10O3
    4-((Hydroxymethoxy)methyl)phenol
    —— 4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzyl)-imidazolidin-2-one 34123-79-0 C11H14N2O3
    4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzyl)-imidazolidin-2-one
    —— (2-amino-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methanol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 59608-93-4 C10H10N6O8
    (2-amino-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methanol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 1-[2-(Cyclohexylmethoxy)ethyl]-4-phenylmethoxybenzene 63659-37-0 C22H28O2
    1-[2-(Cyclohexylmethoxy)ethyl]-4-phenylmethoxybenzene
    —— 2,5-Bis(benzyloxy)benzene-1,4-diol 142031-13-8 C20H18O4
    2,5-Bis(benzyloxy)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 1-Phenyl-4-m-hydroxyphenyl-pentan 69026-13-7 C17H20O
    1-Phenyl-4-m-hydroxyphenyl-pentan
    —— 3,4,5-Tribromo-2-methoxyphenol 113800-64-9 C7H5Br3O2
    3,4,5-Tribromo-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-n-Nonadecyl-brenzkatechin 28165-93-7 C25H44O2
    3-n-Nonadecyl-brenzkatechin
    —— N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)acetamide 62106-29-0 C9H10N2O4
    N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— Methanol;phenol 93821-04-6 C7H10O2
    Methanol;phenol
    —— 6-Methyl-3-(methylamino)-2-nitrophenol 62106-32-5 C8H10N2O3
    6-Methyl-3-(methylamino)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 62106-37-0 C10H10N2O5
    3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— N-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-N'-[4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]urea 86996-79-4 C14H13N3O6S
    N-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-N'-[4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]urea
    —— 1,4-diethyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-piperazinone picrate 93797-46-7 C6H3N3O7*C10H20N2O2
    1,4-diethyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-piperazinone picrate
    —— 2-[(6,7-Dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl)methyl]-6-methoxyphenol 62539-61-1 C15H17NO2S
    2-[(6,7-Dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl)methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-urea 64497-41-2 C9H11N3O4
    3-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-urea
    —— 2-[(6,7-Dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl)methyl]-4-methoxyphenol 62539-59-7 C15H17NO2S
    2-[(6,7-Dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl)methyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(4,7-Dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-6(5H)-yl)methyl]-4-nitrophenol 62539-73-5 C14H14N2O3S
    2-[(4,7-Dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-6(5H)-yl)methyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-[(6,7-Dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl)methyl]-4-nitrophenol 62539-60-0 C14H14N2O3S
    2-[(6,7-Dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl)methyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— N-{2-[2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-propylamino]-ethyl}-propionamide 53671-92-4 C14H22N2O4
    N-{2-[2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-propylamino]-ethyl}-propionamide
    —— 5-(Diethylamino)-2-methylphenol Hydrochloride 62496-08-6 C11H17NO*ClH
    5-(Diethylamino)-2-methylphenol Hydrochloride
    —— 2-bromo-6-chloro-4-ethylphenol 57018-11-8 C8H8BrClO
    2-bromo-6-chloro-4-ethylphenol
    —— 4-Methoxy-3-diethylaminophenol 59443-96-8 C11H17NO2
    4-Methoxy-3-diethylaminophenol
    —— 5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxazolidinone 67387-83-1 C10H11NO4
    5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxazolidinone
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopentyl diethylcarbamodithioate 61998-56-9 C16H23NO2S2
    5-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopentyl diethylcarbamodithioate
    —— 1-[4-(2-dimethylcarbamoyloxyethyl)-phenoxy]-2-hydroxy-3-isopropylamino-propane 788763-21-3 C17H28N2O4
    1-[4-(2-dimethylcarbamoyloxyethyl)-phenoxy]-2-hydroxy-3-isopropylamino-propane
    —— 6-allyl-α-(2,4-diamino-5-pyrimidyl)-5-methoxy-m-cresol 69195-30-8 C15H18N4O2
    6-allyl-α-(2,4-diamino-5-pyrimidyl)-5-methoxy-m-cresol
    —— α-isopropyl-3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid 72222-38-9 C11H13NO5
    α-isopropyl-3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid
    —— N-Dodecyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)acetamide 89575-27-9 C20H33NO3
    N-Dodecyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)acetamide