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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-(benzylsulfanyl)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-5-carbonitrile 892234-24-1 C18H14N2O3S2
    6-(benzylsulfanyl)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-thiazine-5-carbonitrile
    —— 4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;sulfuric acid;hydrate 299-95-6 C11H21NO8S
    4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;sulfuric acid;hydrate
    —— 2-Ethoxy-6-methoxy-phenol 90534-95-5 C9H12O3
    2-Ethoxy-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— 3-Butyl-2-methylphenol 28852-17-7 C11H16O
    3-Butyl-2-methylphenol
    —— 3-{Bis[(pyridin-2-yl)methyl]amino}-4-methylphenol 479578-66-0 C19H19N3O
    3-{Bis[(pyridin-2-yl)methyl]amino}-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-Nonylbenzene-1,4-diol 10576-43-9 C15H24O2
    2-Nonylbenzene-1,4-diol
    —— 4-(3-Amino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-phenol 16757-32-7 C9H13NO3
    4-(3-Amino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-phenol
    —— 4-{2-[(4-Methoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethoxy}phenol 104417-62-1 C16H18O4
    4-{2-[(4-Methoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethoxy}phenol
    —— 6-(2,6-DINITRO-3-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYPHENYL)HEXANOIC ACID 185396-02-5 C13H16N2O8
    6-(2,6-DINITRO-3-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYPHENYL)HEXANOIC ACID
    —— 2-[4-[2-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]-4-oxazolylmethoxy]phenyl]ethanol 202594-35-2 C20H19NO3
    2-[4-[2-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]-4-oxazolylmethoxy]phenyl]ethanol
    —— 2,5-Difluorobenzene-1,3-diol 198139-56-9 C6H4F2O2
    2,5-Difluorobenzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-[2-[6-[[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]hexylamino]-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride 4323-43-7 C22H33ClN2O6
    4-[2-[6-[[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]hexylamino]-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride
    —— ethoxy-5-hydroxybenzonitrile 358388-37-1 C9H9NO2
    ethoxy-5-hydroxybenzonitrile
    —— 4-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)butyl]-[1,2,4]triazol-4-ylamino}benzonitrile 536975-38-9 C19H19N5O2
    4-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)butyl]-[1,2,4]triazol-4-ylamino}benzonitrile
    —— 4-{[2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl]-[1,2,4]triazol-4-ylamino}benzonitrile 537674-48-9 C17H14BrN5O2
    4-{[2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl]-[1,2,4]triazol-4-ylamino}benzonitrile
    —— Methyl-<4-hydroxy-pheny>-phenyl-sulfonium 46407-77-6 C13H13OS
    Methyl-<4-hydroxy-pheny>-phenyl-sulfonium
    —— 5-Isopropoxy-2-(4-isopropoxy-3-methoxy-phenylethynyl)-4-methoxy-phenol 200941-18-0 C22H26O5
    5-Isopropoxy-2-(4-isopropoxy-3-methoxy-phenylethynyl)-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-Chloro-5-dodecylbenzene-1,4-diol 71656-21-8 C18H29ClO2
    2-Chloro-5-dodecylbenzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2,4,6-Tris{[(hydroxymethyl)(methyl)amino]methyl}phenol 114290-60-7 C15H27N3O4
    2,4,6-Tris{[(hydroxymethyl)(methyl)amino]methyl}phenol
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-benzothiazolin 13945-04-5 C14H13NO2S
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-benzothiazolin
    —— 4-Benzyloxy-2-dimethylaminomethylphenol 30518-35-5 C16H19NO2
    4-Benzyloxy-2-dimethylaminomethylphenol
    —— Benzene-1,2,3-triol;methanesulfonic acid 114513-43-8 C7H10O6S
    Benzene-1,2,3-triol;methanesulfonic acid
    —— N-desethylethamivan 138863-01-1 C10H13NO3
    N-desethylethamivan
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-2,5,6-trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]phenol 88536-83-8 C14H20O4
    2-methoxy-4-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-2,5,6-trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]phenol
    —— 4-[(2R,4R,5R,6R)-2,6-dibutyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxyphenol 104789-96-0 C20H32O4
    4-[(2R,4R,5R,6R)-2,6-dibutyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(2R,4R,5R,6R)-5-methyl-2,6-dipropyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]phenol 104789-95-9 C18H28O4
    2-methoxy-4-[(2R,4R,5R,6R)-5-methyl-2,6-dipropyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-5-methyl-2,6-dipentyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]phenol 104789-97-1 C22H36O4
    2-methoxy-4-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-5-methyl-2,6-dipentyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-5-methyl-2,6-dipropyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]phenol 104789-95-9 C18H28O4
    2-methoxy-4-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-5-methyl-2,6-dipropyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]phenol
    —— 4-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-2,6-dibutyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxyphenol 104789-96-0 C20H32O4
    4-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-2,6-dibutyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-Allyl-2-methylphenol 40794-05-6 C10H12O
    5-Allyl-2-methylphenol
    —— N,N-diethylethanamine;4-methylphenol 15921-98-9 C6H15N*C7H8O
    N,N-diethylethanamine;4-methylphenol
    —— 2-((3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)amino)acetic acid 117427-57-3 C9H11NO4
    2-((3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)amino)acetic acid
    —— α-(1,3-dimethylureido)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylphosphonic acid 57848-30-3 C11H17N2O6P
    α-(1,3-dimethylureido)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylphosphonic acid
    —— Hydroxy[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxophosphanium 61820-25-5 C7H8O3P+
    Hydroxy[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxophosphanium
    —— 7-Hydroxy-2,1-benzisothiazol 58555-25-2 C7H5NOS
    7-Hydroxy-2,1-benzisothiazol
    —— 5-Hydroxy-2,1-benzisothiazol 56910-94-2 C7H5NOS
    5-Hydroxy-2,1-benzisothiazol
    —— 2-Butyl-5-chlorophenol 27581-21-1 C10H13ClO
    2-Butyl-5-chlorophenol
    —— 2,2',2'',2'''-Methanetetrayltetraphenol 141870-17-9 C25H20O4
    2,2',2'',2'''-Methanetetrayltetraphenol
    —— 2-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzonitrile 134611-41-9 C7H3FN2O4
    2-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzonitrile
    —— isopropyl 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenylglyoxylate 134610-49-4 C11H11NO7
    isopropyl 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenylglyoxylate
    —— N-[7-[(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)amino]heptyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzamide 27914-66-5 C23H30N2O8
    N-[7-[(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)amino]heptyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzamide
    —— 2-aminomethyl-3-methoxy-4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-iodophenol hydrochloride 75552-09-9 C12H18INO2*ClH
    2-aminomethyl-3-methoxy-4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-iodophenol hydrochloride
    —— 1,3-Bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclobutan 52497-97-9 C16H16O2
    1,3-Bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclobutan
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-nonyl benzonitrile 62390-72-1 C17H25NO
    2-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-nonyl benzonitrile
    —— 4-Nitro-2-(pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)phenolate;hydrochloride —— C12H11ClN2O3
    4-Nitro-2-(pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)phenolate;hydrochloride
    —— 3-Benzenesulfinyl-4-methoxy-phenol 65125-50-0 C13H12O3S
    3-Benzenesulfinyl-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-(Aminomethyl)-3-bromobenzene-1,4-diol 687607-67-6 C7H8BrNO2
    2-(Aminomethyl)-3-bromobenzene-1,4-diol
    —— 3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 62072-61-1 C10H11NO3
    3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-4-nitrobenzonitrile 110298-76-5 C8H6N2O3
    2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-4-nitrobenzonitrile
    —— 4-(2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)phenol 1429029-65-1 C9H10F2O
    4-(2,2-difluoro-1-methylethyl)phenol