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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— o-CRESOL, alpha,alpha'-(HEXAMETHYLENEDINITRILO)DI- 4081-35-0 C20H24N2O2
    o-CRESOL, alpha,alpha'-(HEXAMETHYLENEDINITRILO)DI-
    —— Ethyladrenaline 2947-00-4 C10H15NO3
    Ethyladrenaline
    —— sodium;4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenolate —— C7H3F3NNaO3
    sodium;4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenolate
    —— 4-(2-((3-Amino-4-pyridyl)amino)ethyl)catechol 451-75-2 C13H15N3O2
    4-(2-((3-Amino-4-pyridyl)amino)ethyl)catechol
    —— Sodium;2-cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenolate —— C12H13N2NaO5
    Sodium;2-cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenolate
    —— Isoprenaline sulphate 6779-80-2 C22H36N2O10S
    Isoprenaline sulphate
    —— 4-(cyclohex-1-en-3-yl)-2-methylbenzene-1,3-diol 1229193-40-1 C13H16O2
    4-(cyclohex-1-en-3-yl)-2-methylbenzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-(cyclohexylsulfanyl)benzene-1,4-diol 441764-31-4 C12H16O2S
    2-(cyclohexylsulfanyl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 4-amino-2-methyl-resorcinol 856079-51-1 C7H9NO2
    4-amino-2-methyl-resorcinol
    —— 4,6-di(cyclohex-1-en-3-yl)-2-methylbenzene-1,3-diol 1229193-41-2 C19H24O2
    4,6-di(cyclohex-1-en-3-yl)-2-methylbenzene-1,3-diol
    —— 3-methoxy-2,4-dimethylphenol 81633-95-6 C9H12O2
    3-methoxy-2,4-dimethylphenol
    —— 1,1',1",1‴-((1<sup>4</sup>,1<sup>6</sup>,3<sup>4</sup>,3<sup>6</sup>,5<sup>4</sup>,5<sup>6</sup>,7<sup>4</sup>,7<sup>6</sup>-octahydroxy-1<sup>5</sup>,3<sup>5</sup>,5<sup>5</sup>,7<sup>5</sup>-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-2,4,6,8-tetrayl)tetrakis(propane-3,1-diyl))tetrakis(3-phenylurea) 1200829-45-3 C72H80N8O12
    1,1',1",1‴-((1<sup>4</sup>,1<sup>6</sup>,3<sup>4</sup>,3<sup>6</sup>,5<sup>4</sup>,5<sup>6</sup>,7<sup>4</sup>,7<sup>6</sup>-octahydroxy-1<sup>5</sup>,3<sup>5</sup>,5<sup>5</sup>,7<sup>5</sup>-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-2,4,6,8-tetrayl)tetrakis(propane-3,1-diyl))tetrakis(3-phenylurea)
    —— Ethyl-(E)-β-(2,5-dihydroxyphenylthio)-crotonat 59483-96-4 C12H14O4S
    Ethyl-(E)-β-(2,5-dihydroxyphenylthio)-crotonat
    —— 4-(3-Hydroxyhexyl)-2-methoxyphenol 39728-78-4 C13H20O3
    4-(3-Hydroxyhexyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 904236-71-1 C14H12ClNO2
    —— 3-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1621232-66-3 C10H10O4
    3-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-(2-bromoethoxy)-3-methoxyphenol 1262778-69-7 C9H11BrO3
    4-(2-bromoethoxy)-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-[(E)-2-[5-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]ethenyl]-2-methoxyphenol 1613391-32-4 C17H13ClN2O3
    5-[(E)-2-[5-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]ethenyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— N-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazole-2-amine 1299975-22-6 C17H15ClN2OS
    N-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazole-2-amine
    —— 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(cyclohexylsulfanyl)benzene-1,4-diol 1028684-70-9 C30H46O2S4
    2,3,5,6-tetrakis(cyclohexylsulfanyl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— Ethyl-(Z)-β-(2,5-dihydroxyphenylthio)-crotonat 59483-94-2 C12H14O4S
    Ethyl-(Z)-β-(2,5-dihydroxyphenylthio)-crotonat
    —— allyl 3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl selenide 934996-93-7 C9H9FOSe
    allyl 3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl selenide
    —— 1.2-Bis-<2'.4'-dihydroxy-benzoyl>-ethylen 92965-41-8 C16H12O6
    1.2-Bis-<2'.4'-dihydroxy-benzoyl>-ethylen
    —— N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) N'-hydroxyguanidine 359818-91-0 C7H9N3O2
    N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) N'-hydroxyguanidine
    —— 4',4',6,6-tetramethyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydrospiro[benzofuran-2(4H),1'-cyclohexane]-2',4,6'-trione 1193375-07-3 C24H28O6
    4',4',6,6-tetramethyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydrospiro[benzofuran-2(4H),1'-cyclohexane]-2',4,6'-trione
    —— 4-bromo-2-fluoro-6-iodophenol 1228093-50-2 C6H3BrFIO
    4-bromo-2-fluoro-6-iodophenol
    —— 11-deoxy-10-α-hydroxyapicularen A 1351395-53-3 C25H31NO6
    11-deoxy-10-α-hydroxyapicularen A
    —— 3-[5-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-propionic acid 128317-01-1 C14H17NO5
    3-[5-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yl]-propionic acid
    —— 4-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl disulfide 33931-33-8 C14H14O2S2
    4-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl disulfide
    —— 5-Methyl-2-aethylmercapto-phenol 23385-51-5 C9H12OS
    5-Methyl-2-aethylmercapto-phenol
    —— Pyrrolidine-1-carbodithioic acid 2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl ester 53635-91-9 C11H13NO2S2
    Pyrrolidine-1-carbodithioic acid 2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl ester
    —— 3-benzoyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazolidine 133600-76-7 C17H17NO3S
    3-benzoyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazolidine
    —— 2-<2-hydroxy-1-(isopropylthio)ethyl>-p-cresol 121836-00-8 C12H18O2S
    2-<2-hydroxy-1-(isopropylthio)ethyl>-p-cresol
    —— 4-hydroxybenzylidene-2-hydroxyaniline 17065-03-1 C13H11NO2
    4-hydroxybenzylidene-2-hydroxyaniline
    —— 4-{[(2-hydroxyphenyl)amino]methylidene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one 17065-03-1 C13H11NO2
    4-{[(2-hydroxyphenyl)amino]methylidene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— 5-tert-Pentylguajacol 117681-87-5 C12H18O2
    5-tert-Pentylguajacol
    —— 6-methoxy-2(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)phenol 98910-60-2 C12H14O3
    6-methoxy-2(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)phenol
    —— Vanillin-carbonyl-13C 63057-71-6 C8H8O3
    Vanillin-carbonyl-13C
    —— 2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-benzaldehyde 87997-31-7 C8H8O5
    2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-benzaldehyde
    —— 3-{5-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-propionic acid 7025-18-5 C14H13NO5S2
    3-{5-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-propionic acid
    —— 4-(Bis-ethylsulfanyl-methyl)-2-iodo-phenol 91238-73-2 C11H15IOS2
    4-(Bis-ethylsulfanyl-methyl)-2-iodo-phenol
    —— 3-methyl-2-thioxo-5-vanillylidene-thiazolidin-4-one 23517-87-5 C12H11NO3S2
    3-methyl-2-thioxo-5-vanillylidene-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-chloro-2-pentyl-phenol 13081-16-8 C11H15ClO
    4-chloro-2-pentyl-phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-benzonitrile 6948-31-8 C9H9NO2
    2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-benzonitrile
    —— 2-Thioxo-5-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-bromo-benzylidene)-thiazolidin-3-one 127378-23-8 C11H8BrNO3S2
    2-Thioxo-5-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-bromo-benzylidene)-thiazolidin-3-one
    —— methyl 7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-(2-thenoyl)-4,7-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-5-carboxylate 947077-29-4 C18H15N5O5S
    methyl 7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-(2-thenoyl)-4,7-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 1-[3-(furan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone 1290605-08-1 C16H16N2O4
    1-[3-(furan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-{[(E)-3-nitro-phenylimino]-methyl}-phenol 58285-76-0 C14H12N2O4
    2-Methoxy-4-{[(E)-3-nitro-phenylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 3-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester 77092-55-8 C11H13ClO4
    3-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester
    —— 2-(triphenylsilyl)phenol 18738-00-6 C24H20OSi
    2-(triphenylsilyl)phenol