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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-(3',4',5'-Trimethoxyphenylethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamin 55536-64-6 C19H25NO5
    N-(3',4',5'-Trimethoxyphenylethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamin
    —— benzyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)piperidine-1-carboxylate 1092366-85-2 C20H20N2O5
    benzyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— tris-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-arsine oxide 5449-76-3 C18H15AsO4
    tris-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-arsine oxide
    —— Sodium; 2,6-diiodo-4-nitro-phenolate 89465-91-8 C6H2I2NO3*Na
    Sodium; 2,6-diiodo-4-nitro-phenolate
    —— 100971-28-6 C6H3N3O7*C8H15NO
    —— 1-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one picrate 65658-74-4 C6H3N3O7*C7H11N3O
    1-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one picrate
    —— guanidine picrate 4336-48-5 CH5N3*C6H3N3O7
    guanidine picrate
    —— pyrrolidinium picrate 1689-56-1 C4H9N*C6H3N3O7
    pyrrolidinium picrate
    —— 4-decylpyrocatechol 101447-92-1 C16H26O2
    4-decylpyrocatechol
    —— p-Lauroylphenol-semicarbazon 20803-54-7 C19H31N3O2
    p-Lauroylphenol-semicarbazon
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-butan-2-one 37904-78-2 C11H14O2
    1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-butan-2-one
    —— 1,4-dihydroxy-2,3-bis[(2H1)methyl]benzene 927833-40-7 C8H10O2
    1,4-dihydroxy-2,3-bis[(2H1)methyl]benzene
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-{[(E)-4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-thiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol 89405-38-9 C18H16N2O3S
    2-Methoxy-4-{[(E)-4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-thiazol-2-ylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— 3-hydroxy-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 80832-61-7 C9H10O4
    3-hydroxy-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
    —— hydron;4-[hydroxy-(6-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl]benzene-1,2-diol;chloride —— C13H20ClNO3
    hydron;4-[hydroxy-(6-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl]benzene-1,2-diol;chloride
    —— 2-((E)-Heptadec-10-enyl)-6-methoxy-phenol 126357-88-8 C24H40O2
    2-((E)-Heptadec-10-enyl)-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— 5-(2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2,4-benzenetriol 2623-77-0 C8H11NO4
    5-(2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2,4-benzenetriol
    —— 4-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester 32947-28-7 C19H22N2O7
    4-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester
    —— 869561-89-7 C14H19NO3
    —— 2-(4'-chloro-3'-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane 85740-96-1 C12H15ClO3
    2-(4'-chloro-3'-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane
    —— 4-(4,5-diamino-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylmethyl)-phenol 828911-25-7 C9H11N5O
    4-(4,5-diamino-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylmethyl)-phenol
    —— (3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-(1-(2-p-nitrophenylethyl)-piperidin-4-yl)-methanol 1160298-56-5 C21H26N2O5
    (3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-(1-(2-p-nitrophenylethyl)-piperidin-4-yl)-methanol
    —— 4-(1-Methyl-pentadecyl)-phenol 21566-87-0 C22H38O
    4-(1-Methyl-pentadecyl)-phenol
    —— Pilaren 60996-13-6 C20H29N3O5
    Pilaren
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl-2-propenyl-phenol 5361-83-1 C11H14O
    3,5-Dimethyl-2-propenyl-phenol
    —— 3-methoxy-4-ethylphenol 400837-51-6 C9H12O2
    3-methoxy-4-ethylphenol
    —— 1,2-diphenyl-4-salicylidene-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione 95160-95-5 C22H16N2O3
    1,2-diphenyl-4-salicylidene-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 2-cyano-N'-[1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylidene]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylohydrazide 1374879-82-9 C21H21N3O5
    2-cyano-N'-[1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylidene]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylohydrazide
    —— 2',3'-epoxypropyl-3,4-dihydroxy benzene 62600-15-1 C9H10O3
    2',3'-epoxypropyl-3,4-dihydroxy benzene
    —— 4-(1-methylcyclobutyl)phenol 91876-30-1 C11H14O
    4-(1-methylcyclobutyl)phenol
    —— 2-azido-5-[1-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-1H-imidazole 445474-84-0 C21H23N5O4
    2-azido-5-[1-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-1H-imidazole
    —— 2,4-dimethoxy-6-(2'-hydroxy)ethylphenol 359844-39-6 C10H14O4
    2,4-dimethoxy-6-(2'-hydroxy)ethylphenol
    —— 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenoxybis(2,6-dimethylanil) 514806-04-3 C25H26N2O
    2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenoxybis(2,6-dimethylanil)
    —— (E)-3-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione 1198098-04-2 C11H9NO3
    (E)-3-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione
    —— (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione 1198098-09-7 C12H11NO4
    (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione
    —— 2,3-dihydroxybenzylamine hydroiodide 79490-79-2 C7H9NO2*HI
    2,3-dihydroxybenzylamine hydroiodide
    —— 1-acetamide-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole 1107065-11-1 C11H13N3O2
    1-acetamide-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole
    —— 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-5-(4'-oxy-phenyl)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazolin 92965-84-9 C16H16N2O
    3-Methyl-1-phenyl-5-(4'-oxy-phenyl)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazolin
    —— 4-((2S,4S)-2-Ethyl-4-(S)-piperidin-2-yl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-phenol 139132-68-6 C16H23NO3
    4-((2S,4S)-2-Ethyl-4-(S)-piperidin-2-yl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 2-((2S,4S)-2-Ethyl-4-(S)-piperidin-2-yl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-phenol 139132-66-4 C16H23NO3
    2-((2S,4S)-2-Ethyl-4-(S)-piperidin-2-yl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-phenol
    —— (2S,4S,6S)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethyl-4-(2-piperidyl)-1,3-dioxolane 139132-67-5 C16H23NO3
    (2S,4S,6S)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethyl-4-(2-piperidyl)-1,3-dioxolane
    —— (2-bromo-4-fluoro-5-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetic acid 1232402-57-1 C8H6BrFO3
    (2-bromo-4-fluoro-5-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetic acid
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxy-buta-2,3-dienyl)-phenol 132927-20-9 C10H10O2
    3-(1-Hydroxy-buta-2,3-dienyl)-phenol
    —— 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenethyl methanesulfonate 656227-26-8 C10H11F3O4S
    4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenethyl methanesulfonate
    —— (R)-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-1-(4-triisopropylsilanyloxy-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrrolidin-2-one 956320-38-0 C25H41ClN2O3Si
    (R)-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-1-(4-triisopropylsilanyloxy-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrrolidin-2-one
    —— 2-[2-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]tetrahydro-2H-pyran 681431-20-9 C15H21BrO4
    2-[2-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]tetrahydro-2H-pyran
    —— isocombretastatin A-2 1170046-04-4 C17H16O5
    isocombretastatin A-2
    —— 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid 681431-18-5 C10H15BO5
    2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl-hydrazono)-3-imino-buttersaeureaethylester 5294-49-5 C12H14N4O5
    2-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl-hydrazono)-3-imino-buttersaeureaethylester
    —— 3,4-diamino-6-bromo-2-fluorophenol 1210047-89-4 C6H6BrFN2O
    3,4-diamino-6-bromo-2-fluorophenol