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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-chloro-N-[(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide 329081-35-8 C14H10ClN3O4
    4-chloro-N-[(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— N-[(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]pyridine-3-carboxamide 330646-37-2 C13H10N4O4
    N-[(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]pyridine-3-carboxamide
    —— (R)-Dobutamine 61661-05-0 C18H23NO3
    (R)-Dobutamine
    —— 4-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-5-one 54754-45-9 C16H11NO3
    4-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-5-one
    —— 4-Chloro-6-[(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]-2-iodocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 500551-52-0 C13H8Cl2INO
    4-Chloro-6-[(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]-2-iodocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 4,4'-(1-Methylpentylidene)bisphenol 14007-30-8 C18H22O2
    4,4'-(1-Methylpentylidene)bisphenol
    —— 4-Nonyl-o-cresol 14417-90-4 C16H26O
    4-Nonyl-o-cresol
    —— magnesium styphnate 13255-27-1 C6HN3O8*Mg
    magnesium styphnate
    —— Bis-(3-hydroxy-p-tolylammonium)sulfate —— C14H20N2O6S
    Bis-(3-hydroxy-p-tolylammonium)sulfate
    —— 1-Amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)guanidine;nitric acid 94221-21-3 C7H10N4O*HNO3
    1-Amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)guanidine;nitric acid
    —— 2,5-bis-{[bis-(2-chloro-ethyl)-amino]-methyl}-hydroquinone 4420-79-5 C16H24Cl4N2O2
    2,5-bis-{[bis-(2-chloro-ethyl)-amino]-methyl}-hydroquinone
    —— 3-(4-Oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)carbazamidine 7316-92-9 C7H8N4O
    3-(4-Oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)carbazamidine
    —— ST 1552 (Sympathomimetic agent) 41621-46-9 C24H36N2O6
    ST 1552 (Sympathomimetic agent)
    —— Titanium(2+) phenoxide--hydrogen chloride (1/2/2) 2234-06-2 C12H12Cl2O2Ti
    Titanium(2+) phenoxide--hydrogen chloride (1/2/2)
    —— 4-[(S)-hydroxy-[(2R)-piperidin-2-yl]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrobromide 31842-61-2 C12H18BrNO3
    4-[(S)-hydroxy-[(2R)-piperidin-2-yl]methyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrobromide
    —— Metoquinone 622-91-3 C20H24N2O4
    Metoquinone
    —— Isoetarine 79490-84-9 C13H21NO3
    Isoetarine
    —— Tris(m-methylphenyl) phosphite 620-38-2 C21H21O6P
    Tris(m-methylphenyl) phosphite
    —— 2-Methyldopamine 53622-73-4 C9H13NO2
    2-Methyldopamine
    —— Hydron;4-[2-[6-(2-phenylethylamino)hexylamino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;dichloride —— C22H34Cl2N2O2
    Hydron;4-[2-[6-(2-phenylethylamino)hexylamino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;dichloride
    —— Metoprolol Succinate 98418-47-4 C34H56N2O10
    Metoprolol Succinate
    —— (+/-)-KWD 2314 105831-64-9 C14H21NO3
    (+/-)-KWD 2314
    —— 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-pentylamino-ethanol 108873-53-6 C13H21NO3
    1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-pentylamino-ethanol
    —— Benzene, 1-(2-ethylbutyl)-4-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy)- 125814-10-0 C21H28O2
    Benzene, 1-(2-ethylbutyl)-4-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy)-
    —— 1-Amino-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)guanidine nitrate 98537-84-9 C7H11N5O4
    1-Amino-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)guanidine nitrate
    —— 3-[2-(Dimethylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 88461-60-3 C10H16ClNO2
    3-[2-(Dimethylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl carbamate 99075-88-4 C10H13NO3
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl carbamate
    —— 5-({[2-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-methoxyphenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 88461-61-4 C16H20ClNO4
    5-({[2-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-methoxyphenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— 3-[1-Hydroxy-2-(propylamino)ethyl]phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 88461-71-6 C11H18ClNO2
    3-[1-Hydroxy-2-(propylamino)ethyl]phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— 3-[2-(Butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 88461-59-0 C12H20ClNO2
    3-[2-(Butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— Phenol, 3,5-dibromo-2-chloro-4-methyl- 86006-44-2 C7H5Br2ClO
    Phenol, 3,5-dibromo-2-chloro-4-methyl-
    —— 4-Heptadecyl-phenol 86812-27-3 C23H40O
    4-Heptadecyl-phenol
    —— 1-(2,6-Dichloro-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-one 75315-46-7 C11H12Cl2O4
    1-(2,6-Dichloro-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-one
    —— [(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-isobutylamino-methyl]-phosphonic acid monoethyl ester 59488-08-3 C13H22NO4P
    [(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-isobutylamino-methyl]-phosphonic acid monoethyl ester
    —— 3,4-dichloroguaiacol 77102-94-4 C7H6Cl2O2
    3,4-dichloroguaiacol
    —— Dichloromethoxybenzenediol 75562-93-5 C7H6Cl2O3
    Dichloromethoxybenzenediol
    —— Phenol, Dibromodimethyl- 58170-31-3 C8H8Br2O
    Phenol, Dibromodimethyl-
    —— Benzeneacetic acid, 2,6-dichloro-alpha,4-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy- 75315-51-4 C10H10Cl2O6
    Benzeneacetic acid, 2,6-dichloro-alpha,4-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-
    —— Morpholinium 4-dicyanovinyl-2-iodo-6-methoxyphenoxide 73747-67-8 C15H16IN3O3
    Morpholinium 4-dicyanovinyl-2-iodo-6-methoxyphenoxide
    —— 3-Methoxypropylammonium 4-dicyanovinyl-6-iodo-2-methoxyphenoxide 73747-69-0 C15H18IN3O3
    3-Methoxypropylammonium 4-dicyanovinyl-6-iodo-2-methoxyphenoxide
    —— o-CRESOL, alpha,alpha'-(HEXAMETHYLENEDINITRILO)BIS(4-CHLORO- 73791-22-7 C20H22Cl2N2O2
    o-CRESOL, alpha,alpha'-(HEXAMETHYLENEDINITRILO)BIS(4-CHLORO-
    —— 2-[(4-Hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]propanedinitrile;tributylphosphane 73747-68-9 C23H34IN2O2P
    2-[(4-Hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]propanedinitrile;tributylphosphane
    —— Allylammonium 4-dicyanovinyl-2-iodo-6-methoxyphenoxide 73680-57-6 C14H14IN3O2
    Allylammonium 4-dicyanovinyl-2-iodo-6-methoxyphenoxide
    —— phenethyl-vanillyl-amine; hydrochloride 68397-95-5 C16H19NO2*ClH
    phenethyl-vanillyl-amine; hydrochloride
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-{[(2-phenylethyl)amino]methyl}phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 68397-99-9 C16H19NO2*ClH
    2-Methoxy-6-{[(2-phenylethyl)amino]methyl}phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— 4-Bromo-2-methoxy-6-(phenethylamino-methyl)-phenol; hydrochloride 68398-07-2 C16H18BrNO2*ClH
    4-Bromo-2-methoxy-6-(phenethylamino-methyl)-phenol; hydrochloride
    —— 2-{[(1-Hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl)amino]methyl}-6-methoxyphenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 68398-01-6 C17H22ClNO3
    2-{[(1-Hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-yl)amino]methyl}-6-methoxyphenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— 2-Bromo-6-methoxy-4-(phenethylamino-methyl)-phenol; hydrochloride 68398-03-8 C16H18BrNO2*ClH
    2-Bromo-6-methoxy-4-(phenethylamino-methyl)-phenol; hydrochloride
    —— 2-Tert-butylimino-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-propan-2-yl-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one 69329-95-9 C16H23N3O2S
    2-Tert-butylimino-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-propan-2-yl-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one
    —— 4-Bromo-2-[(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-ethylamino)-methyl]-6-methoxy-phenol; hydrochloride 68398-11-8 C17H20BrNO3*ClH
    4-Bromo-2-[(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-ethylamino)-methyl]-6-methoxy-phenol; hydrochloride