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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-(3-bromo-2-furyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1312996-86-3 C11H9BrO3
    5-(3-bromo-2-furyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-thiobenzoyl)-tetrahydro-1,4-oxazin 64709-43-9 C13H17NO4S
    4-(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-thiobenzoyl)-tetrahydro-1,4-oxazin
    —— <i>S</i>-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-isothiourea; hydrochloride 6274-93-7 C7H8N2O2S*ClH
    <i>S</i>-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-isothiourea; hydrochloride
    —— m-hydroxymandelic acid 17513-99-4 C8H8O4
    m-hydroxymandelic acid
    —— 4-Methoxy-2-tert.-octyl-phenol 2460-62-0 C15H24O2
    4-Methoxy-2-tert.-octyl-phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-dodecyl-5-methylphenol 1115234-57-5 C19H31BrO
    4-bromo-2-dodecyl-5-methylphenol
    —— {2-[2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl}-acetaldehyde 93559-11-6 C13H16O4
    {2-[2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl}-acetaldehyde
    —— 7-methoxyacetyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one 112450-16-5 C10H8O5S
    7-methoxyacetyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(2-trimethylsilylethynyl)benzaldehyde 1242104-36-4 C13H16O3Si
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(2-trimethylsilylethynyl)benzaldehyde
    —— 4,5-dihydroxybenzocyclobutene-1,2-dione 41737-30-8 C8H4O4
    4,5-dihydroxybenzocyclobutene-1,2-dione
    —— (S)-2,2,2-trichloroethyl 4-((R)-2-(benzyloxy)-1-(7-methyl-6-(methylsulfonyloxy)benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl)ethyl)-2-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methylbenzyl)-5-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxylate 1234550-73-2 C35H36BrCl3N2O11S
    (S)-2,2,2-trichloroethyl 4-((R)-2-(benzyloxy)-1-(7-methyl-6-(methylsulfonyloxy)benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl)ethyl)-2-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methylbenzyl)-5-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxylate
    —— (2E,4E)-1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dien-1-one 136054-88-1 C18H16O3
    (2E,4E)-1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 5[8′(Z),11′(Z)-pentadecadienyl]resorcinol 79473-25-9 C21H32O2
    5[8′(Z),11′(Z)-pentadecadienyl]resorcinol
    —— 4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-isophthalaldehyde-dioxime 26230-27-3 C9H10N2O4
    4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-isophthalaldehyde-dioxime
    —— 2,5-Dihydroxyphenylthioschwetelsaeure 71240-48-7 C6H6O5S2
    2,5-Dihydroxyphenylthioschwetelsaeure
    —— 3-[1-(5-Cyanopyrid-2-yl)4-piperidinylamino]-1-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-propanol 252577-95-0 C20H24N4O3
    3-[1-(5-Cyanopyrid-2-yl)4-piperidinylamino]-1-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-propanol
    —— <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyl-aniline; picrate 15389-46-5 C6H3N3O7*C10H15N
    <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyl-aniline; picrate
    —— N-methylaniline picrate 14953-19-6 C6H3N3O7*C7H9N
    N-methylaniline picrate
    —— bromo-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-arsine 7464-66-6 C12H8AsBrN2O6
    bromo-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-arsine
    —— 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-benzyloxyethyl)benzene 99221-24-6 C17H20O3
    1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-benzyloxyethyl)benzene
    —— 1-bromo-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(2-benzyloxyethyl)benzene 406215-48-3 C17H19BrO3
    1-bromo-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(2-benzyloxyethyl)benzene
    —— N,N-dimethylaniline picrate 7510-42-1 C6H3N3O7*C8H11N
    N,N-dimethylaniline picrate
    —— 2-fluoro-5-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol 863983-96-4 C7H3F4NO3
    2-fluoro-5-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-thiazol-4-yl-phenol 847345-56-6 C9H6ClNOS
    4-chloro-2-thiazol-4-yl-phenol
    —— carbazole picrate 24171-69-5 C6H3N3O7*C12H9N
    carbazole picrate
    —— [2-(Benzooxazol-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-diethyl-amine; compound with picric acid 89114-20-5 C6H3N3O7*C13H18N2O2
    [2-(Benzooxazol-2-yloxy)-ethyl]-diethyl-amine; compound with picric acid
    —— silver(I) 2,4,6-trinitrophenoxide monohydrate 6106-82-7 Ag*C6H2N3O7*H2O
    silver(I) 2,4,6-trinitrophenoxide monohydrate
    —— 3,3-dinitroazetidinium picrate 188666-09-3 C3H5N3O4*C6H3N3O7
    3,3-dinitroazetidinium picrate
    —— 6-aza-tricyclo[9.4.0.0(2,6)]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene picrate salt 1111702-01-2 C6H3N3O7*C14H19N
    6-aza-tricyclo[9.4.0.0(2,6)]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene picrate salt
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol - (E)-N,1-diphenylmethanimine (1:1) 5938-04-5 C6H3N3O7*C13H11N
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol - (E)-N,1-diphenylmethanimine (1:1)
    —— benzyliden-aniline; picrate of benzylidenaniline 5938-04-5 C6H3N3O7*C13H11N
    benzyliden-aniline; picrate of benzylidenaniline
    —— apicularen A 220757-04-0 C25H31NO6
    apicularen A
    —— Ethane-1,2-diamine;formaldehyde;phenol 28985-91-3 C9H16N2O2
    Ethane-1,2-diamine;formaldehyde;phenol
    —— 10-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-decan-3-one 86248-31-9 C17H26O4
    10-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-decan-3-one
    —— 4-((5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol 899718-57-1 C15H15N5O5
    4-((5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol
    —— 1-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-phenyl-tetrahydro-thiopyranium; chloride 89706-16-1 C17H19O2S*Cl
    1-(2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-4-phenyl-tetrahydro-thiopyranium; chloride
    —— 3-Cyclohexyl-1-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-tetrahydro-thiopyranium; chloride 89706-18-3 C17H25O2S*Cl
    3-Cyclohexyl-1-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-tetrahydro-thiopyranium; chloride
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehydephenylhydrazone 93044-40-7 C13H11N3O3
    2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehydephenylhydrazone
    —— 2-(2-butenyl)hydroquinone 38149-53-0 C10H12O2
    2-(2-butenyl)hydroquinone
    —— 3-[β-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethylphenyl)ethenyl]-5-methylpyrazole 113482-93-2 C14H16N2O
    3-[β-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethylphenyl)ethenyl]-5-methylpyrazole
    —— (E)-4-fluoro-2-((p-tolylimino)methyl)phenol 1246463-58-0 C14H12FNO
    (E)-4-fluoro-2-((p-tolylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— (E)-4-fluoro-2-((2-fluorophenylimino)methyl)phenol 1246463-69-3 C13H9F2NO
    (E)-4-fluoro-2-((2-fluorophenylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— (E)-4-fluoro-2-((4-fluorophenylimino)methyl)phenol 1246463-61-5 C13H9F2NO
    (E)-4-fluoro-2-((4-fluorophenylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]selenophene 245442-91-5 C8H8OSe
    5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]selenophene
    —— (4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methoxy-phenyl)-[5-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl]-methanone 1191108-20-9 C25H33N3O3
    (4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methoxy-phenyl)-[5-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl]-methanone
    —— dimethyl (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)phosphonate 88011-34-1 C8H11O5P
    dimethyl (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)phosphonate
    —— 2-(1-anilino-ethyl)-4-methyl-phenol 859941-86-9 C15H17NO
    2-(1-anilino-ethyl)-4-methyl-phenol
    —— (E)-4-fluoro-2-((cyclohexylimino)methyl)phenol 1246463-49-9 C13H16FNO
    (E)-4-fluoro-2-((cyclohexylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— (E)-4-fluoro-2-((2-morpholinoethylimino)methyl)phenol 1246463-51-3 C13H17FN2O2
    (E)-4-fluoro-2-((2-morpholinoethylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— (E)-2-((cyclopentylimino)methyl)-4-fluorophenol 1246463-48-8 C12H14FNO
    (E)-2-((cyclopentylimino)methyl)-4-fluorophenol