摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-Nitro-5-(2-nitroethenyl)benzene-1,2-diol 205812-99-3 C8H6N2O6
    4-Nitro-5-(2-nitroethenyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— N-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-phenylpropane-1-sulfonamide 88150-21-4 C17H21NO4S
    N-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-phenylpropane-1-sulfonamide
    —— 5-[(5-Phenylpentan-2-yl)oxy]benzene-1,3-diol 88463-95-0 C17H20O3
    5-[(5-Phenylpentan-2-yl)oxy]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 5-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol 15130-83-3 C9H13NO3
    5-(2-Aminoethyl)-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol
    —— (N-cyclopentyl)-6-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide 276703-31-2 C11H13ClN2O5S
    (N-cyclopentyl)-6-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide
    —— 2-Chloro-4-fluoro-3-methylphenol 1232693-41-2 C7H6ClFO
    2-Chloro-4-fluoro-3-methylphenol
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)butane-1,3-diol 61511-03-3 C10H14O3
    3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)butane-1,3-diol
    —— 3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester 219692-27-0 C9H8BrClO3
    3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester
    —— 5-Amino-2-methoxy-4-(4-methylamino-phenylamino)-phenol 57839-23-3 C14H17N3O2
    5-Amino-2-methoxy-4-(4-methylamino-phenylamino)-phenol
    —— 2-fluoro-6-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 1427328-29-7 C8H7FO3
    2-fluoro-6-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— N-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methylprop-2-enamide 149450-95-3 C11H13NO2
    N-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methylprop-2-enamide
    —— Ethoxy[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxophosphanium 189312-09-2 C9H12O3P+
    Ethoxy[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxophosphanium
    —— 2-(1'-Buten-3'-yl)-3-methyl-phenol 41389-30-4 C11H14O
    2-(1'-Buten-3'-yl)-3-methyl-phenol
    —— methyl-3-(3, 5-diallyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate 83812-22-0 C16H20O3
    methyl-3-(3, 5-diallyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate
    —— 5-(2-Nitroethyl)benzene-1,2,4-triol 61435-55-0 C8H9NO5
    5-(2-Nitroethyl)benzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— 4-(1-Phenylethylideneamino)phenol 20768-47-2 C14H13NO
    4-(1-Phenylethylideneamino)phenol
    —— N-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]dodecane-1-sulfonamide 88150-19-0 C20H35NO4S
    N-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]dodecane-1-sulfonamide
    —— N-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]hex-1-ene-1-sulfonamide 88120-14-3 C14H21NO4S
    N-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]hex-1-ene-1-sulfonamide
    —— (E)-1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-3-thiophen-2-yl-propenone 127036-00-4 C15H14O2S
    (E)-1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-3-thiophen-2-yl-propenone
    —— 4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethyl)-benzene-1,2-diol 62518-70-1 C13H19NO2
    4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethyl)-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-((1H-imidazol-2-yl)amino)benzene-1,2-diol 72467-78-8 C9H9N3O2
    4-((1H-imidazol-2-yl)amino)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 5-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoic acid 108852-46-6 C12H12O4
    5-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoic acid
    —— 2-(Octadec-9-EN-1-YL)phenol 877061-65-9 C24H40O
    2-(Octadec-9-EN-1-YL)phenol
    —— 2-Methyl-4-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenol 189945-13-9 C11H14O3
    2-Methyl-4-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-Ethoxy-3-methoxyphenol 55020-75-2 C9H12O3
    2-Ethoxy-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 3,4-Dimethyl-2-octylphenol 646516-94-1 C16H26O
    3,4-Dimethyl-2-octylphenol
    —— 4-ethyl 2-hydroxy mandelic acid 78989-56-7 C10H12O4
    4-ethyl 2-hydroxy mandelic acid
    —— 2,2'-Sulfonylbis[3-(3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile] 158102-45-5 C18H10Br2N2O6S
    2,2'-Sulfonylbis[3-(3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile]
    —— 3-(Prop-1-en-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 113678-88-9 C9H10O2
    3-(Prop-1-en-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— Methyl 2-(3-hydroxy-4-iodophenyl)acetate 609772-18-1 C9H9IO3
    Methyl 2-(3-hydroxy-4-iodophenyl)acetate
    —— 3-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-methyl-2-nitrophenol 63719-72-2 C9H12N2O4
    3-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-methyl-2-nitrophenol
    —— (8S)-8-amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-2-ol 693227-11-1 C11H15NO
    (8S)-8-amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-2-ol
    —— 2-Bromo-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propene 84819-88-5 C9H9BrO
    2-Bromo-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propene
    —— 3,4,5-Tribromo-2-chlorophenol 61316-71-0 C6H2Br3ClO
    3,4,5-Tribromo-2-chlorophenol
    —— 3,4-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamide 140681-90-9 C13H9Br2NO2
    3,4-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamide
    —— N-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)phenyl]benzamide 38880-91-0 C17H16N2O3
    N-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)phenyl]benzamide
    —— 3-[(2E,4E)-4,6-Dimethylocta-2,4-dienoyl]-5-[hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidine-2,4-dione 1094390-37-0 C21H25NO5
    3-[(2E,4E)-4,6-Dimethylocta-2,4-dienoyl]-5-[hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-methoxy-5-{[4-(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}phenol 1383074-24-5 C19H17N5O2
    2-methoxy-5-{[4-(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}phenol
    —— 1,1-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-[2-[[2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino]ethyl]urea;hydrochloride 69630-67-7 C16H28ClN3O6
    1,1-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-[2-[[2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino]ethyl]urea;hydrochloride
    —— 2-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl butanoate 1390634-21-5 C12H16O4
    2-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl butanoate
    —— 2,5-Bis[3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]propylamino]cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione 1310796-47-4 C28H36N4O6
    2,5-Bis[3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]propylamino]cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
    —— 3-[(4-Chloro-2-nitroanilino)-diethoxyphosphorylmethyl]-4-nitrophenol 1296865-43-4 C17H19ClN3O8P
    3-[(4-Chloro-2-nitroanilino)-diethoxyphosphorylmethyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--N,N'-[sulfinyldi(ethane-2,1-diyl)]bis(N-ethylethan-1-amine) (1/1) 13921-24-9 C18H31N5O8S
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--N,N'-[sulfinyldi(ethane-2,1-diyl)]bis(N-ethylethan-1-amine) (1/1)
    —— 2,6-Dibromo-4-[(1Z)-2-nitroprop-1-en-1-yl]phenol 82040-81-1 C9H7Br2NO3
    2,6-Dibromo-4-[(1Z)-2-nitroprop-1-en-1-yl]phenol
    —— Sodium;5-[bis[(2,5-dioxopyrrole-1-carbonyl)amino]methyl]-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid 6959-99-5 C18H14N4NaO11S+
    Sodium;5-[bis[(2,5-dioxopyrrole-1-carbonyl)amino]methyl]-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid
    —— 3,3-Diethyl-3,7-diazoniaspiro[6.8]pentadecane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7463-16-3 C23H39N5O7+2
    3,3-Diethyl-3,7-diazoniaspiro[6.8]pentadecane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— Copper;2,4,6-triiodophenol 94269-04-2 C6H3CuI3O+2
    Copper;2,4,6-triiodophenol
    —— 2,6-Bis[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]benzene-1,4-diol--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 94373-88-3 C16H25ClN2O4
    2,6-Bis[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]benzene-1,4-diol--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— Copper;2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenol 2917-31-9 C6HCl5CuO+2
    Copper;2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenol
    —— Barium(2+);4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid 5465-59-8 C6H5BaNO6S+2
    Barium(2+);4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid