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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(Z)-hex-2-enyl]phenol 1272609-93-4 C12H15BrO
    4-bromo-2-[(Z)-hex-2-enyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(E)-hex-2-enyl]-6-methylphenol 1272609-97-8 C13H18O
    2-[(E)-hex-2-enyl]-6-methylphenol
    —— [4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)phenyl] 2,2,2-trichloroethyl sulfate 1313434-31-9 C10H11Cl3O5S
    [4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)phenyl] 2,2,2-trichloroethyl sulfate
    —— 4-dimethylaminomethyl-resorcinol 86198-30-3 C9H13NO2
    4-dimethylaminomethyl-resorcinol
    —— 4-(2-chloroethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol 1020666-84-5 C10H13ClO
    4-(2-chloroethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylphenyl)butanal 1029654-60-1 C12H16O3
    4-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylphenyl)butanal
    —— 3-(4-hydroxyphenylethynyl)-2-methylcyclopent-2-enol 1037717-33-1 C14H14O2
    3-(4-hydroxyphenylethynyl)-2-methylcyclopent-2-enol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxyphenylethynyl)-2-methylcyclopent-2-enone 1037717-41-1 C14H12O2
    3-(4-hydroxyphenylethynyl)-2-methylcyclopent-2-enone
    —— 3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylethynyl)-2-ethylcyclopent-2-enone 1037717-39-7 C15H13ClO2
    3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylethynyl)-2-ethylcyclopent-2-enone
    —— (S)-3-propanoyl-4-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)-5,5-dimethyloxazolidin-2-one 1033132-64-7 C15H19NO4
    (S)-3-propanoyl-4-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)-5,5-dimethyloxazolidin-2-one
    —— β-(2-methoxyphenoxy)coniferyl alcohol 146252-23-5 C17H18O5
    β-(2-methoxyphenoxy)coniferyl alcohol
    —— Potassium 3-acetylaminophenolate 76506-19-9 C8H8NO2*K
    Potassium 3-acetylaminophenolate
    —— 4-[2-[2-[2-(4-Hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-2-prop-2-enylphenol 1619989-78-4 C24H30O6
    4-[2-[2-[2-(4-Hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-2-prop-2-enylphenol
    —— 5-(3-Amino-4-methylanilino)-2,4-dinitrophenol 1314491-05-8 C13H12N4O5
    5-(3-Amino-4-methylanilino)-2,4-dinitrophenol
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-phenylmethoxyphenol 1333081-72-3 C15H16O3
    5-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-phenylmethoxyphenol
    —— 5-[(3R)-3-aminobutyl]-2-methoxyphenol 1335234-94-0 C11H17NO2
    5-[(3R)-3-aminobutyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— tert-butyl (1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-2-((2S,3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxiran-2-yl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylcarbamate 1334227-86-9 C16H23NO6
    tert-butyl (1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-2-((2S,3S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxiran-2-yl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylcarbamate
    —— 4-O-Benzyl-3-hydroxy Tyrosol a-Acetate 1333081-71-2 C17H18O4
    4-O-Benzyl-3-hydroxy Tyrosol a-Acetate
    —— (Z)-N-[[4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]octadec-9-enamide 1335416-32-4 C63H111N3O4
    (Z)-N-[[4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]octadec-9-enamide
    —— N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)oleamide 1335416-46-0 C25H41NO2
    N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)oleamide
    —— Heptacyclo[21.9.4.47,17.13,31.15,9.115,19.121,25]tetratetraconta-1,3(37),5(44),6,8,15,17,19(39),21(38),22,24,31-dodecaene-2,6,18,22-tetrol 152266-16-5 C44H52O4
    Heptacyclo[21.9.4.47,17.13,31.15,9.115,19.121,25]tetratetraconta-1,3(37),5(44),6,8,15,17,19(39),21(38),22,24,31-dodecaene-2,6,18,22-tetrol
    —— 2-chloro-N-[[3-[[(2-chloroacetyl)amino]methyl]-4-hydroxyphenyl]methyl]acetamide 1335416-28-8 C12H14Cl2N2O3
    2-chloro-N-[[3-[[(2-chloroacetyl)amino]methyl]-4-hydroxyphenyl]methyl]acetamide
    —— 3-ethyl-6,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydro-5H-benzo[9]annulen-4-ol 1100054-91-8 C15H22O
    3-ethyl-6,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydro-5H-benzo[9]annulen-4-ol
    —— 7-Methyl-8,9-dihydrobenzo[7]annulene-3,7-diol 1138003-70-9 C12H14O2
    7-Methyl-8,9-dihydrobenzo[7]annulene-3,7-diol
    —— 7-Methyl-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo[7]annulene-3,7-diol 1138003-72-1 C12H16O2
    7-Methyl-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo[7]annulene-3,7-diol
    —— 23,29,35,40-Tetratert-butyl-44,45-dihydroxy-3,19-dioxa-6,9,13,16-tetrazahexacyclo[19.15.7.127,31.138,42.02,33.020,25]pentatetraconta-1,20,22,24,27(45),28,30,33,35,38,40,42(44)-dodecaene-5,17-dione 1118429-93-8 C55H76N4O6
    23,29,35,40-Tetratert-butyl-44,45-dihydroxy-3,19-dioxa-6,9,13,16-tetrazahexacyclo[19.15.7.127,31.138,42.02,33.020,25]pentatetraconta-1,20,22,24,27(45),28,30,33,35,38,40,42(44)-dodecaene-5,17-dione
    —— 115780-42-2 C9H12NO3
    —— 2,6-diethynyl-4-methylphenol 1245255-95-1 C11H8O
    2,6-diethynyl-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-one 1258876-46-8 C10H10O4S
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-one
    —— (S)-2-(1-aminoheptyl)phenol 1247949-52-5 C13H21NO
    (S)-2-(1-aminoheptyl)phenol
    —— (S)-2-(1-aminobutyl)phenol 1213572-94-1 C10H15NO
    (S)-2-(1-aminobutyl)phenol
    —— Calcium;2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate —— C16H14CaO8
    Calcium;2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— Sodium 4-(2-hydroxy-2-sulfopropyl)-2-methoxyphenolate 83682-27-3 C10H13NaO6S
    Sodium 4-(2-hydroxy-2-sulfopropyl)-2-methoxyphenolate
    —— Antibiotic FA 2097 81988-71-8 C21H22N2O8S2
    Antibiotic FA 2097
    —— 3-[3,5-Bis[2-[3,4-bis[2-(3,4-didodecoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]ethoxy]phenoxy]propan-1-amine 1352994-19-4 C153H253NO15
    3-[3,5-Bis[2-[3,4-bis[2-(3,4-didodecoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl]ethoxy]phenoxy]propan-1-amine
    —— 2-(1-bromo-2-hydroxypent-4-en-2-yl)phenol 1450629-56-7 C11H13BrO2
    2-(1-bromo-2-hydroxypent-4-en-2-yl)phenol
    —— (2S,8R,14R,20S)-5-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3(28),4,6,9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21(25),22-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1469921-84-3 C47H62O10
    (2S,8R,14R,20S)-5-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3(28),4,6,9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21(25),22-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 5,35-Dibromo-9,14,19,24,26,28,30,32-octamethoxyhexacyclo[21.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21]pentatriaconta-1(26),3,5,8,10,13,15,18(29),19,21(28),23(27),24,30,32,34-pentadecaene-4,34-diol 1616090-12-0 C43H44Br2O10
    5,35-Dibromo-9,14,19,24,26,28,30,32-octamethoxyhexacyclo[21.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21]pentatriaconta-1(26),3,5,8,10,13,15,18(29),19,21(28),23(27),24,30,32,34-pentadecaene-4,34-diol
    —— (2S,8R,14S,20R)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-5,17-bis(propoxymethyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1469921-88-7 C52H72O10
    (2S,8R,14S,20R)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-5,17-bis(propoxymethyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— (2S,8R,14R,20S)-5-(ethoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3(28),4,6,9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21(25),22-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1469921-78-5 C47H62O9
    (2S,8R,14R,20S)-5-(ethoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3(28),4,6,9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21(25),22-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 2-(hydroxy(methyl)arsino)-4-methylphenol 1584642-20-5 C8H11AsO2
    2-(hydroxy(methyl)arsino)-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-[2-Hydroxyethylsulfanyl(methyl)arsanyl]-4-methylphenol 1584642-19-2 C10H15AsO2S
    2-[2-Hydroxyethylsulfanyl(methyl)arsanyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)nonan-2-one 1421016-47-8 C15H22O2
    4-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)nonan-2-one
    —— 3,9,15,32-Tetratert-butyl-36,37-dihydroxy-19,27-dioxahexacyclo[15.11.7.17,11.130,34.05,28.013,18]heptatriaconta-1,3,5(28),7,9,11(37),13(18),14,16,30,32,34(36)-dodecaene-23,23-dicarbonitrile 1207339-18-1 C53H66N2O4
    3,9,15,32-Tetratert-butyl-36,37-dihydroxy-19,27-dioxahexacyclo[15.11.7.17,11.130,34.05,28.013,18]heptatriaconta-1,3,5(28),7,9,11(37),13(18),14,16,30,32,34(36)-dodecaene-23,23-dicarbonitrile
    —— 3,9,15,34-Tetratert-butyl-38,39-dihydroxy-19,29-dioxahexacyclo[15.13.7.17,11.132,36.05,30.013,18]nonatriaconta-1,3,5(30),7,9,11(39),13(18),14,16,32,34,36(38)-dodecaene-24,24-dicarbonitrile 1207339-19-2 C55H70N2O4
    3,9,15,34-Tetratert-butyl-38,39-dihydroxy-19,29-dioxahexacyclo[15.13.7.17,11.132,36.05,30.013,18]nonatriaconta-1,3,5(30),7,9,11(39),13(18),14,16,32,34,36(38)-dodecaene-24,24-dicarbonitrile
    —— (E,E)-[[fiethyl 2,2'-[4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-phenylenebis(iminomethylidyne)]bis(3-oxobutanoate)]] 1229042-11-8 C20H24N2O8
    (E,E)-[[fiethyl 2,2'-[4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-phenylenebis(iminomethylidyne)]bis(3-oxobutanoate)]]
    —— 2-(4-Phenylmethoxyphenyl)ethyl acetate 99624-71-2 C17H18O3
    2-(4-Phenylmethoxyphenyl)ethyl acetate
    —— 3-[5-[2-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-pent-4-enylfuran-2-yl]phenol 1204300-08-2 C23H24O4
    3-[5-[2-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-pent-4-enylfuran-2-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)amino]methyl]-6-methoxy-4-methylphenol 1421471-12-6 C24H34N2O5
    2-[[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)amino]methyl]-6-methoxy-4-methylphenol
    —— (E)-4-(5-bromo-2-nitropent-1-enyl)phenol 1426535-49-0 C11H12BrNO3
    (E)-4-(5-bromo-2-nitropent-1-enyl)phenol