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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-{4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butyl}-L-arabinoiminofuranose 1618658-06-2 C15H23NO4
    1-{4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butyl}-L-arabinoiminofuranose
    —— methyl 2-(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 1259023-36-3 C9H8F2O3
    methyl 2-(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— tert-butyl 2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)ethylcarbamate 1147391-58-9 C14H21NO4
    tert-butyl 2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)ethylcarbamate
    —— tert-butyl 2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)ethylcarbamate 1147391-48-7 C14H21NO4
    tert-butyl 2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)ethylcarbamate
    —— 2-[(Z)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-N,N-bis(phenylmethyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide 1310677-62-3 C22H21N3OS
    2-[(Z)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-N,N-bis(phenylmethyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide
    —— 2-[(Z)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-N,N-bis(phenylmethyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide 1310677-66-7 C23H23N3OS
    2-[(Z)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-N,N-bis(phenylmethyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide
    —— 4-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-methylphenol 156079-11-7 C11H17NO3
    4-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-methylphenol
    —— 3-methyl-4-<bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino>phenol 156079-08-2 C11H17NO3
    3-methyl-4-<bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino>phenol
    —— 2-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol 52516-53-7 C9H11ClO2
    2-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— methyl 2-fluoro-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl)propanoate 865624-12-0 C10H9Br2FO3
    methyl 2-fluoro-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl)propanoate
    —— 2-<3-Methyl-5-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl>-aethylalkohol 14765-38-9 C13H20O2
    2-<3-Methyl-5-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl>-aethylalkohol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-hydroxybenzylamine hydrochloride 820973-51-1 C8H11NO2*ClH
    2-methoxy-6-hydroxybenzylamine hydrochloride
    —— 4-Methoxy-2,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)phenol 174228-72-9 C11H16O6
    4-Methoxy-2,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)phenol
    —— ethyl 2-(4,6-bis(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenethoxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio)hexanoate 1231733-97-3 C30H32F6N2O6S
    ethyl 2-(4,6-bis(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenethoxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio)hexanoate
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethanol 13605-20-4 C9H12O2
    2-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethanol
    —— 3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxyphenylimino)-4-thiazolidinon 51964-17-1 C15H12N2O3S
    3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxyphenylimino)-4-thiazolidinon
    —— 5-benzylidene-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-phenylimino)-thiazolidin-4-one 25745-18-0 C22H16N2O3S
    5-benzylidene-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-phenylimino)-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxy-5-nitroaniline 74032-78-3 C8H10N2O4
    N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxy-5-nitroaniline
    —— 3-Nitro-salicylsaeure-hexylamid 92034-32-7 C13H18N2O4
    3-Nitro-salicylsaeure-hexylamid
    —— 3-Nitro-salicylsaeure-octylamid 92700-86-2 C15H22N2O4
    3-Nitro-salicylsaeure-octylamid
    —— (4-hydroxybenzyl)glyoxal 10589-27-2 C9H8O3
    (4-hydroxybenzyl)glyoxal
    —— 5-[2-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-hydroxy-1-trifluoromethyl-propyl]-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyridin-2-one 1246383-07-2 C17H17ClF3NO3
    5-[2-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-hydroxy-1-trifluoromethyl-propyl]-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyridin-2-one
    —— 2-butyl-5,6-dimethyl-3-(triisopropylsiloxy)phenol 866006-63-5 C21H38O2Si
    2-butyl-5,6-dimethyl-3-(triisopropylsiloxy)phenol
    —— 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one 173192-07-9 C11H12O4
    5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one
    —— tert-butyl 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylcarbamate 763932-69-0 C13H19NO3
    tert-butyl 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylcarbamate
    —— (2S)-N-(2-amino-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbaldehyde diethyl thioacetal 140647-03-6 C17H26N2O3S2
    (2S)-N-(2-amino-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbaldehyde diethyl thioacetal
    —— (+/-)-6-hydroxyshogaol 143114-93-6 C17H24O4
    (+/-)-6-hydroxyshogaol
    —— 2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxyacrylophenone 74736-93-9 C11H12O4
    2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxyacrylophenone
    —— N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide 116314-83-1 C10H12N2O6
    N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide
    —— (R)-4-amino-6-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-methyl-7,8-dihydropyrimido[5,4-f][1,4]oxazepin-5(6H)-one 1338327-40-4 C14H13FN4O3
    (R)-4-amino-6-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-methyl-7,8-dihydropyrimido[5,4-f][1,4]oxazepin-5(6H)-one
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-(11-tetrahydropyranyloxyundecyloxy)benzaldehyde 201673-27-0 C23H36O5
    2-hydroxy-5-(11-tetrahydropyranyloxyundecyloxy)benzaldehyde
    —— p-methylcalix<8>arene 68971-85-7 C64H64O8
    p-methylcalix<8>arene
    —— p-methylcalix[7]arene 68971-84-6 C56H56O7
    p-methylcalix[7]arene
    —— 4-(11-tetrahydropyranyloxyundecyloxy)phenol 201673-26-9 C22H36O4
    4-(11-tetrahydropyranyloxyundecyloxy)phenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-((1R)-1-{[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]amino}ethyl)phenol 364045-06-7 C17H21NO2
    4-methoxy-2-((1R)-1-{[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]amino}ethyl)phenol
    —— 2-[(Z)-7-bromo-3-hepten-1,5-diynyl]phenol 449171-85-1 C13H9BrO
    2-[(Z)-7-bromo-3-hepten-1,5-diynyl]phenol
    —— 2-(5'-fluoro-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dithiane 496043-35-7 C10H11FOS2
    2-(5'-fluoro-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dithiane
    —— 4.6-dinitro-3-phenyl-phenol 21419-76-1 C12H8N2O5
    4.6-dinitro-3-phenyl-phenol
    —— (+)-(7S,8R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1',2',3',4',5',6',7'-heptanorlign-8'-one 1196997-43-9 C12H16O4
    (+)-(7S,8R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1',2',3',4',5',6',7'-heptanorlign-8'-one
    —— N-(2-methoxyethyl)-6-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide 276702-37-5 C9H11ClN2O6S
    N-(2-methoxyethyl)-6-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide
    —— 2-Bromo-6-chloro-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol 1018477-43-4 C9H10BrClO2
    2-Bromo-6-chloro-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol
    —— 4-amino-benzene-1,2,3-triol 27841-28-7 C6H7NO3
    4-amino-benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— triethyl 25,26,27-trihydroxy-2,3,10,11,18,19-hexahomo-3,11,19-trioxacalix[3]arene-7,15,23-tricarboxylate 255711-34-3 C33H36O12
    triethyl 25,26,27-trihydroxy-2,3,10,11,18,19-hexahomo-3,11,19-trioxacalix[3]arene-7,15,23-tricarboxylate
    —— 2,5-dimethoxy-6-heptadecylphenol 148665-89-8 C25H44O3
    2,5-dimethoxy-6-heptadecylphenol
    —— 3-Bromo-2-heptadecyl-6-methoxyphenol 148665-86-5 C24H41BrO2
    3-Bromo-2-heptadecyl-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-bromo-6-nitrosophenol 855400-53-2 C6H4BrNO2
    2-bromo-6-nitrosophenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-nitroso-phenol 39825-14-4 C6H4BrNO2
    4-bromo-2-nitroso-phenol
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-(1-methylprop-2-enyl)benzaldehyde 374073-47-9 C12H14O3
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-(1-methylprop-2-enyl)benzaldehyde
    —— 2-chloro-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenol 62489-82-1 C8H9ClO3
    2-chloro-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenol
    —— 5-methyl-2-nitrosophenol 24542-06-1 C7H7NO2
    5-methyl-2-nitrosophenol