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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[(1R,2S)-2-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-1-hydroxypropyl]-4-methoxyphenol 714962-19-3 C14H22O5
    2-[(1R,2S)-2-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-1-hydroxypropyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— (2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(phosphonic acid) 91633-13-5 C7H10O8P2
    (2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(phosphonic acid)
    —— ethyl 1,3-bis(benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-4H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate 1190370-89-8 C29H28N8O5
    ethyl 1,3-bis(benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-4H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1,3-bis[(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2-oxo-4H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate 1190370-87-6 C33H34N6O5
    ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1,3-bis[(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2-oxo-4H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 2-[(2S,4R,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-4-methoxyphenol 714962-20-6 C12H16O4
    2-[(2S,4R,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(4S,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-4-methoxyphenol 758695-38-4 C12H16O4
    2-[(4S,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— ethyl 1,3-bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-4H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate 1190370-86-5 C31H30N6O5
    ethyl 1,3-bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-4H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 1-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)phenol 914607-25-3 C10H14O4
    1-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)phenol
    —— cis-4-methoxy-2-(1-propenyl)phenol 98755-19-2 C10H12O2
    cis-4-methoxy-2-(1-propenyl)phenol
    —— trans-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-buten-1-one 117457-71-3 C11H12O3
    trans-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-buten-1-one
    —— 2-[4-(Cyclohexylmethoxy)phenyl]ethanol 54954-56-2 C15H22O2
    2-[4-(Cyclohexylmethoxy)phenyl]ethanol
    —— ethyl 3-(5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)propanoate 628330-02-9 C12H16O4
    ethyl 3-(5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-4-phenylthiophene 1361305-92-1 C17H14OS
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-4-phenylthiophene
    —— 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-pyridazinyl)ethanol 185848-17-3 C12H12N2O2
    1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-pyridazinyl)ethanol
    —— Ameisensaeure-<6-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methylphenyl)hexyl>ester 112998-68-2 C14H20O3
    Ameisensaeure-<6-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methylphenyl)hexyl>ester
    —— Ameisensaeure-<3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl>ester 112998-49-9 C10H12O3
    Ameisensaeure-<3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl>ester
    —— Ameisensaeure-<5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)pentyl>ester 112998-67-1 C12H16O3
    Ameisensaeure-<5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)pentyl>ester
    —— o-4-Bromobutylphenol 57027-77-7 C10H13BrO
    o-4-Bromobutylphenol
    —— 5-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)pentansaeure-methylester 113017-59-7 C12H16O3
    5-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)pentansaeure-methylester
    —— Ameisensaeure-<4-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)butyl>ester 112998-66-0 C11H14O3
    Ameisensaeure-<4-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)butyl>ester
    —— 2-[(Z)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-N,N-diprop-2-enylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide 1310677-50-9 C15H19N3OS
    2-[(Z)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-N,N-diprop-2-enylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide
    —— 4-methoxy-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol 1321914-82-2 C9H9F3O3
    4-methoxy-2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[(E)-3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)prop-1-enyl]phenol 94930-88-8 C18H20O5
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-[(E)-3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)prop-1-enyl]phenol
    —— N-methylamino hydroquinone 155853-13-7 C7H9NO2
    N-methylamino hydroquinone
    —— (E)-2-(2-(2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxystyryl)-5-methyloxazol-4-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-5-methyloxazole-4-carboxylic acid 1155364-32-1 C20H18N2O7
    (E)-2-(2-(2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxystyryl)-5-methyloxazol-4-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-5-methyloxazole-4-carboxylic acid
    —— sodium salt of 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzene-sulfonic acid —— C7H7O5S*Na
    sodium salt of 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzene-sulfonic acid
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-methylpentyl)-phenol 4097-43-2 C12H16N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-methylpentyl)-phenol
    —— N-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide 1395084-67-9 C17H18FNO3
    N-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— 5-{2-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylamino]ethyl}-2-methoxyphenol 1395084-73-7 C17H20FNO2
    5-{2-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylamino]ethyl}-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (E)-3-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile 1373444-64-4 C10H9NO2
    (E)-3-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— (Z)-3-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile 1373444-62-2 C10H9NO2
    (Z)-3-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— 6-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxy-benzaldehyde 1315341-04-8 C9H9BrO4
    6-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxy-benzaldehyde
    —— 4-allyl-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-benzaldehyde 106662-51-5 C11H12O3
    4-allyl-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-benzaldehyde
    —— 6-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzaldehyde 214123-07-6 C8H7BrO3
    6-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-[[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamino]methyl]phenol 1019634-28-6 C17H21NO3
    2-Methoxy-6-[[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamino]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-nitrosophenol 39825-04-2 C7H7NO3
    4-methoxy-2-nitrosophenol
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol 106800-35-5 C10H14O4
    2-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— methyl 4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-butenoate 96410-49-0 C12H14O4
    methyl 4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-butenoate
    —— (2-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetic acid methyl ester 72766-07-5 C9H9ClO3
    (2-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetic acid methyl ester
    —— 4-methoxy-2,6-bis[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enyl]phenol 603110-54-9 C17H24O2
    4-methoxy-2,6-bis[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enyl]phenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-methylene-but-3-enyl)phenol 376362-86-6 C13H16O2
    4-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-methylene-but-3-enyl)phenol
    —— 2-(2-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenol 603110-46-9 C12H16O2
    2-(2-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-phenethylaminomethyl-phenol 55311-35-8 C16H19NO2
    2-methoxy-6-phenethylaminomethyl-phenol
    —— 4-methyl-2-[[morpholin-4-ylmethyl-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]amino]methyl]phenol 569646-46-4 C21H28N2O2
    4-methyl-2-[[morpholin-4-ylmethyl-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)formamide 86386-69-8 C8H9NO2
    N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)formamide
    —— 2-(1-hydroxy-3-(trimethylsilyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)phenol 1374575-83-3 C12H16O2Si
    2-(1-hydroxy-3-(trimethylsilyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)phenol
    —— BH(2,2)IAM 288099-66-1 C52H64N12O12
    BH(2,2)IAM
    —— Methyl 2-bromo-4-hydroxyphenylacetate 154352-91-7 C9H9BrO3
    Methyl 2-bromo-4-hydroxyphenylacetate
    —— 2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)acetonitrile 1610369-92-0 C12H10F3N3O
    2-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)acetonitrile
    —— ethyl 5-(cyanomethyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate 1610369-69-1 C14H15N3O3
    ethyl 5-(cyanomethyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate