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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-(3'-methyl-2'-butenyl)phloroglucinaldehyde 77636-13-6 C12H14O4
    3-(3'-methyl-2'-butenyl)phloroglucinaldehyde
    —— (E)-3-(Diethylamino)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)prop-2-EN-1-one —— C14H19NO2
    (E)-3-(Diethylamino)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)prop-2-EN-1-one
    —— (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-morpholin-4-ylprop-2-en-1-one 88021-77-6 C14H17NO3
    (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-morpholin-4-ylprop-2-en-1-one
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-pyrrolidin-1-ylprop-2-en-1-one 352666-95-6 C14H17NO2
    1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-pyrrolidin-1-ylprop-2-en-1-one
    —— (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-(piperidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 80031-00-1 C15H19NO2
    (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-(piperidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6 tetrathiafulvalene 96498-66-7 C18H12O2S4
    bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6 tetrathiafulvalene
    —— 2,4-diaminoresorcinol 13066-96-1 C6H8N2O2
    2,4-diaminoresorcinol
    —— Tetracyclo[15.4.0.03,8.010,15]henicosa-1(21),3,5,7,10,12,14,17,19-nonaene-4,5,6,11,12,13,18,19,20-nonol 484691-07-8 C21H18O9
    Tetracyclo[15.4.0.03,8.010,15]henicosa-1(21),3,5,7,10,12,14,17,19-nonaene-4,5,6,11,12,13,18,19,20-nonol
    —— 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 370884-62-1 C8H7BrO3
    4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 3,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-2-methyl-benzaldehyde 872304-60-4 C9H10O4
    3,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-2-methyl-benzaldehyde
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-3-amino-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,1-dioxothian-4-ol 947368-87-8 C12H16BrNO4S
    (3R,4S,5S)-3-amino-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,1-dioxothian-4-ol
    —— 2-(5-hydroxy-2,4-dinitro-phenoxy)-ethanol 70187-41-6 C8H8N2O7
    2-(5-hydroxy-2,4-dinitro-phenoxy)-ethanol
    —— 4-(5-((2-chlorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1391739-56-2 C16H13ClN2O3S
    4-(5-((2-chlorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— disalicylaldehyde succinoyldihydrazone 112008-83-0 C18H18N4O4
    disalicylaldehyde succinoyldihydrazone
    —— 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-ethyl]-benzene-1,3-diol 52536-56-8 C13H20N2O3
    5-[1-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-ethyl]-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethyl methanesulfonate 40174-10-5 C12H18O6S
    2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethyl methanesulfonate
    —— O-<2-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-ethyl>-hydroxylamin 110513-46-7 C11H17NO4
    O-<2-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-ethyl>-hydroxylamin
    —— ((3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl)pyrrolidine 131656-84-3 C14H19NO4
    ((3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl)pyrrolidine
    —— 3,5-di-(carbmethoxymethyl)phenol 142588-07-6 C12H14O5
    3,5-di-(carbmethoxymethyl)phenol
    —— E-1-(2'-hydroxy-5'-dodecylphenyl)-1-ethanone oxime 103582-35-0 C20H33NO2
    E-1-(2'-hydroxy-5'-dodecylphenyl)-1-ethanone oxime
    —— 1-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-5-fluoro-2-methoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-6(1H)-pyrimidinone 115784-71-9 C12H6ClF5N2O3
    1-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-5-fluoro-2-methoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-6(1H)-pyrimidinone
    —— 2,6-dinitro-4-n-dodecylphenol 1271175-95-1 C18H28N2O5
    2,6-dinitro-4-n-dodecylphenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-[[2-(2-methylphenyl)ethylamino]methyl]phenol 1338320-54-9 C17H21NO2
    2-Methoxy-4-[[2-(2-methylphenyl)ethylamino]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-[[2-(2-methylphenyl)ethylamino]methyl]phenol 1338320-52-7 C17H21NO2
    2-Methoxy-6-[[2-(2-methylphenyl)ethylamino]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-(2-chloro-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol 103346-71-0 C10H13ClO3
    2-(2-chloro-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— 2,6-bis(octyltelluro)phenol 1442114-99-9 C22H38OTe2
    2,6-bis(octyltelluro)phenol
    —— 2-(octyltelluro)phenol 1442114-85-3 C14H22OTe
    2-(octyltelluro)phenol
    —— 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-6-(octyltelluro)phenol 1222630-23-0 C19H32O2Te
    2-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-6-(octyltelluro)phenol
    —— (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetic acid methyl ester 51511-17-2 C11H14O3
    (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetic acid methyl ester
    —— allyl (2-hydroxyphenyl)ethanoate 312298-54-7 C11H12O3
    allyl (2-hydroxyphenyl)ethanoate
    —— (S)-(2-amino-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)(2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone 550355-91-4 C13H18N2O4
    (S)-(2-amino-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)(2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone
    —— methyl (2-fluoro-6-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetate 361340-51-4 C9H8FNO5
    methyl (2-fluoro-6-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetate
    —— β-(4-Benzyloxy)phenylethyl nonanoate 137422-37-8 C24H32O3
    β-(4-Benzyloxy)phenylethyl nonanoate
    —— 4-(2-propoxyethyl)phenol 91204-76-1 C11H16O2
    4-(2-propoxyethyl)phenol
    —— 1-[4-[2-(2-Phenoxyethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol 86901-81-7 C22H31NO4
    1-[4-[2-(2-Phenoxyethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol
    —— 4-(5-((4-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1391739-55-1 C16H13FN2O3S
    4-(5-((4-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— d3-1-benzyloxy-4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-benzene 959786-30-2 C16H18O2
    d3-1-benzyloxy-4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-benzene
    —— 1-[4-[2-(Cyclopentylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol 63686-84-0 C20H33NO3
    1-[4-[2-(Cyclopentylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol
    —— 2-[2-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)ethoxy]ethanol 86902-15-0 C17H20O3
    2-[2-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)ethoxy]ethanol
    —— 1-[4-[2-(Cyclobutylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamino]propan-2-ol 63659-74-5 C26H37NO5
    1-[4-[2-(Cyclobutylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamino]propan-2-ol
    —— 4-(2-butoxyethyl)phenol 1327337-45-0 C12H18O2
    4-(2-butoxyethyl)phenol
    —— 1-benzyloxy-4-(2-tetrahydropyran-2-yloxyethyl)benzene 114208-15-0 C20H24O3
    1-benzyloxy-4-(2-tetrahydropyran-2-yloxyethyl)benzene
    —— 4-(2-hexyloxyethyl)phenol 164978-46-5 C14H22O2
    4-(2-hexyloxyethyl)phenol
    —— 1-allyloxy-4-(2-cyclopropylmethoxyethyl)benzene 128645-29-4 C15H20O2
    1-allyloxy-4-(2-cyclopropylmethoxyethyl)benzene
    —— 3-[[3-[4-[2-(Cyclobutylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]butanenitrile 69322-26-5 C20H30N2O3
    3-[[3-[4-[2-(Cyclobutylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]butanenitrile
    —— N-[2-[[3-[4-[2-(cyclobutylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]ethyl]acetamide 108007-85-8 C20H32N2O4
    N-[2-[[3-[4-[2-(cyclobutylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl]amino]ethyl]acetamide
    —— 4-[2-(Cyclohexylmethoxy)ethyl]phenol 63659-38-1 C15H22O2
    4-[2-(Cyclohexylmethoxy)ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-<(cyclobutylmethoxy)ethyl>-1-(phenylmethoxy)benzene 63659-31-4 C20H24O2
    4-<(cyclobutylmethoxy)ethyl>-1-(phenylmethoxy)benzene
    —— 1-[4-[2-(Cyclohexylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol 63659-40-5 C21H35NO3
    1-[4-[2-(Cyclohexylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol
    —— (R)-4-<2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl>phenyl 2,3-epoxypropyl ether 108008-08-8 C15H20O3
    (R)-4-<2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl>phenyl 2,3-epoxypropyl ether