摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 69846-57-7 C9H9N3OS*Cu*H2O*H3N
    —— 1,3-bis[(2-hydroxy-4-acetylamino-5-methoxyphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]-3H-imidazol-1-ium chloride 286403-77-8 C25H29N6O8*Cl
    1,3-bis[(2-hydroxy-4-acetylamino-5-methoxyphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]-3H-imidazol-1-ium chloride
    —— 116178-49-5 C23H30N2O2S
    —— O-(1-Vinylhexyl)-hydrochinon 42290-13-1 C14H20O2
    O-(1-Vinylhexyl)-hydrochinon
    —— 3',4'-Dihydroxy-stilbazol-(3) 20934-85-4 C13H11NO2
    3',4'-Dihydroxy-stilbazol-(3)
    —— 5-[[(2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-methylamino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol 88741-51-9 C17H21NO3
    5-[[(2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-methylamino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— bis((4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)bis(perfluorophenyl)palladium 90022-95-0 C24H14F10N2O2Pd
    bis((4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)bis(perfluorophenyl)palladium
    —— Diethyl-3-methoxy-4-octyloxyanilinomethylenmalonat 24019-94-1 C23H35NO6
    Diethyl-3-methoxy-4-octyloxyanilinomethylenmalonat
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenol 1393370-98-3 C16H12F3NO3S
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— [2-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-dimethyl-propyl-ammonium; bromide 109444-27-1 Br*C13H22NO2
    [2-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-dimethyl-propyl-ammonium; bromide
    —— 2-(3-hydroxypropylamino)-6-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzylamino)-9-isopropyl-8-azapurine 663887-97-6 C18H25N7O4
    2-(3-hydroxypropylamino)-6-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzylamino)-9-isopropyl-8-azapurine
    —— 1390633-78-9 C10H12O5
    —— methyl 2-[[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyleneamino]propylamino]cyclopent-1-ene-1-dithiocarboxylate 205927-99-7 C17H22N2OS2
    methyl 2-[[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyleneamino]propylamino]cyclopent-1-ene-1-dithiocarboxylate
    —— N,N'-bis(5-methylsalicylaldimine)tris(2-aminoethyl)amine 1277164-43-8 C22H30N4O2
    N,N'-bis(5-methylsalicylaldimine)tris(2-aminoethyl)amine
    —— 2-[1-(3-Methyl-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)ethyl]hydrazine-1-carbodithioic acid 676608-10-9 C10H12N2OS2
    2-[1-(3-Methyl-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene)ethyl]hydrazine-1-carbodithioic acid
    —— (Z)-5-hydroxy-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentan-1-imine oxide 1453299-96-1 C11H15NO3
    (Z)-5-hydroxy-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentan-1-imine oxide
    —— 6-[2-(5-Ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]-4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 96031-14-0 C11H12N4O2S
    6-[2-(5-Ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]-4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 3,9-bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane 22017-26-1 C19H20O6
    3,9-bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-[5-(4-bromoanilino)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenol 94507-85-4 C14H8Br3N3O2
    2,4-Dibromo-6-[5-(4-bromoanilino)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenol
    —— 1,3-dibromo-2-methoxy-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethyl)benzene 1171146-14-7 C10H9Br2F3O2
    1,3-dibromo-2-methoxy-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethyl)benzene
    —— 2-allyl-4-(cyclopropylazo)-5-methoxyphenol 1202238-01-4 C13H16N2O2
    2-allyl-4-(cyclopropylazo)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-Methyl-4-[2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one 67624-31-1 C11H10N4O
    2-Methyl-4-[2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— 6-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzamide 454471-77-3 C7H5ClN2O4
    6-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzamide
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (4-oxo-5-phenyl-3-m-tolyl-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-hydrazone 7701-44-2 C24H21N3O3S
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (4-oxo-5-phenyl-3-m-tolyl-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-hydrazone
    —— 4-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-6-undecylbenzene-1,2,3-triol 877878-05-2 C24H40O3
    4-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-6-undecylbenzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— (2,3-Dichloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiophen-2-yl-methanone oxime 72498-59-0 C11H7Cl2NO2S
    (2,3-Dichloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiophen-2-yl-methanone oxime
    —— 4-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-2-{[1-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-3-methyl-thiazol-3-ium; iodide 77203-83-9 C17H12Br2ClN2OS*I
    4-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-2-{[1-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-3-methyl-thiazol-3-ium; iodide
    —— 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (3-benzyl-4-oxo-5-phenyl-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-hydrazone 7701-47-5 C23H19N3O2S
    2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (3-benzyl-4-oxo-5-phenyl-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-hydrazone
    —— methanamine compound with 13,16,31,34,39,42,47,50-octaoxa-1,10,19,28-tetraazatricyclo[26.8.8.810,19]dopentacontane and picric acid (1:1:1) 75360-03-1 2CH5N*2C6H3N3O7*C40H80N4O8
    methanamine compound with 13,16,31,34,39,42,47,50-octaoxa-1,10,19,28-tetraazatricyclo[26.8.8.810,19]dopentacontane and picric acid (1:1:1)
    —— 4-methoxy-2-trimethylsilylphenol 85630-29-1 C10H16O2Si
    4-methoxy-2-trimethylsilylphenol
    —— 4-Bromo-2-nitro-6-(1,2-oxazol-5(2H)-ylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 832713-79-8 C9H5BrN2O4
    4-Bromo-2-nitro-6-(1,2-oxazol-5(2H)-ylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 3-(2-carbomethoxymethyl-6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one-5-yl)propanoic acid, ethyl ester 152609-49-9 C18H22O6
    3-(2-carbomethoxymethyl-6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one-5-yl)propanoic acid, ethyl ester
    —— 1352840-16-4 C30H33Cl3N10O3S3
    —— 4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-cyclohexyloxazol-2-yl)-6-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one 1224735-85-6 C22H24ClN3O3
    4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-cyclohexyloxazol-2-yl)-6-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one
    —— [5-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]urea 1421633-63-7 C9H8N4O3
    [5-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]urea
    —— 2-ethyl-4-dodecyl-6-methyl-phenol 859937-56-7 C21H36O
    2-ethyl-4-dodecyl-6-methyl-phenol
    —— [(2R)-octan-2-yl] (2S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate 132786-63-1 C17H26O3
    [(2R)-octan-2-yl] (2S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— morpholine-4-carboxamide;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 87448-69-9 C5H10N2O2*C6H3N3O7
    morpholine-4-carboxamide;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-{[1-(4-Dimethylamino-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-2-methoxy-phenol 2416-36-6 C16H18N2O2
    4-{[1-(4-Dimethylamino-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 5-(2,3,4-trihydroxy-phenyl)-3,6-dihydro-[1,3,4]thiadiazin-2-one hydrazone 60912-85-8 C9H10N4O3S
    5-(2,3,4-trihydroxy-phenyl)-3,6-dihydro-[1,3,4]thiadiazin-2-one hydrazone
    —— delesserine 82198-79-6 C14H16O7
    delesserine
    —— (2-hydroxy-4-methyl-trans-styryl)-methyl-maleic acid-anhydride 729-68-0 C14H12O4
    (2-hydroxy-4-methyl-trans-styryl)-methyl-maleic acid-anhydride
    —— Tridodecylphenol 52066-78-1 C42H78O
    Tridodecylphenol
    —— (S)-N-n-butylnoradrenaline 1044185-93-4 C12H19NO3
    (S)-N-n-butylnoradrenaline
    —— 3-Amino-2-chloro-4-nitrophenol 2091811-71-9 C6H5ClN2O3
    3-Amino-2-chloro-4-nitrophenol
    —— <i>N</i>-ethoxycarbonyloxy-salicylamidine 81465-85-2 C10H12N2O4
    <i>N</i>-ethoxycarbonyloxy-salicylamidine
    —— 2-[(1S)-1-Aminoethyl]-6-fluoro-4-nitrophenol 1213936-99-2 C8H9FN2O3
    2-[(1S)-1-Aminoethyl]-6-fluoro-4-nitrophenol
    —— 5-Cl-salATP 109872-59-5 C13H10ClNOS
    5-Cl-salATP
    —— 2-methoxy-5-<<(4-chlorophenyl)imino>methyl>phenol 115095-36-8 C14H12ClNO2
    2-methoxy-5-<<(4-chlorophenyl)imino>methyl>phenol
    —— N,N'-bis<6-(2',6'-dihydroxybenzylamino)n-hexyl>cystamine tetrahydrobromide 77799-95-2 4BrH*C30H50N4O4S2
    N,N'-bis<6-(2',6'-dihydroxybenzylamino)n-hexyl>cystamine tetrahydrobromide