摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— diethyl α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-β-[N-(2-pyrimidinyl)-amino]-ethylphosphonate 407583-44-2 C18H26N3O5P
    diethyl α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-β-[N-(2-pyrimidinyl)-amino]-ethylphosphonate
    —— diisopropyl α-formyl (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)phosphonate 407584-07-0 C16H25O7P
    diisopropyl α-formyl (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)phosphonate
    —— (3-benzo[b]furan-2-yl-5-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)(4-pyridyl)methanone 1246467-84-4 C24H19N3O4
    (3-benzo[b]furan-2-yl-5-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)(4-pyridyl)methanone
    —— (E)-diisopropyl α-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-β-[N-(2-pyrimidinyl)-amino]-vinylphosphonate 407583-27-1 C20H28N3O6P
    (E)-diisopropyl α-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-β-[N-(2-pyrimidinyl)-amino]-vinylphosphonate
    —— 2,4,5-trifluoro-6-nitrophenol 123271-00-1 C6H2F3NO3
    2,4,5-trifluoro-6-nitrophenol
    —— 2-(1,4,8,11-Tetraaza-cyclotetradec-5-yl)-phenol 98114-09-1 C16H28N4O
    2-(1,4,8,11-Tetraaza-cyclotetradec-5-yl)-phenol
    —— Benzyl thiouronium picrate 20614-10-2 C14H13N5O7S
    Benzyl thiouronium picrate
    —— 2-bromo-3-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenol 1160182-45-5 C9H9BrO3
    2-bromo-3-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-vinyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol 1143508-35-3 C19H18O2
    6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-vinyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol
    —— 2,4-dibenzyloxy-3,6-dimethylphenol 258853-96-2 C22H22O3
    2,4-dibenzyloxy-3,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 3-Amino-tetrafluorphenol 31664-54-7 C6H3F4NO
    3-Amino-tetrafluorphenol
    —— 4-Perfluorohexyl-1,2-benzenediol 134285-01-1 C12H5F13O2
    4-Perfluorohexyl-1,2-benzenediol
    —— 2,6-bis(imidazol-1-yl)methyl-4-chlorophenol 154350-81-9 C14H13ClN4O
    2,6-bis(imidazol-1-yl)methyl-4-chlorophenol
    —— (E)-2-(hydroxyimino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiazolidin-3-yl)propan-1-one 1395313-21-9 C12H14N2O3S
    (E)-2-(hydroxyimino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiazolidin-3-yl)propan-1-one
    —— Bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-sulfid 4103-68-8 C18H22O2S
    Bis-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-sulfid
    —— 4-<(2-Carboxyethyl)thiomethyl>-2,6-xylenol 123431-83-4 C12H16O3S
    4-<(2-Carboxyethyl)thiomethyl>-2,6-xylenol
    —— 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide 134611-66-8 C7H6N2O5
    3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide
    —— 4-chloro-3-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzonitrile 180031-16-7 C7H3ClN2O3
    4-chloro-3-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzonitrile
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxybenzaldehyde 111171-20-1 C9H10O4
    2-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— catechol-d2 15659-61-7 C6H6O2
    catechol-d2
    —— 4-(5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 1259435-13-6 C15H12N2O4S
    4-(5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (R)-4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-[[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl]phenol 1313485-89-0 C15H27NO3Si
    (R)-4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-[[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-sec-Heptyl-o-kresol 42433-61-4 C14H22O
    4-sec-Heptyl-o-kresol
    —— 2,6-bis-(butylsulfanyl-methyl)-4-methyl-phenol 61150-78-5 C17H28OS2
    2,6-bis-(butylsulfanyl-methyl)-4-methyl-phenol
    —— 3,5-dinitro-2,6-dimethylol-p-cresol 156424-34-9 C9H10N2O7
    3,5-dinitro-2,6-dimethylol-p-cresol
    —— 3-hydroxy-2-isopropoxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 1242062-15-2 C11H14O4
    3-hydroxy-2-isopropoxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-prenyloxybenzaldehyde 141590-39-8 C13H16O4
    2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-prenyloxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-nitrophenol 92892-06-3 C9H11NO3
    2,3,6-trimethyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-<2-hydroxy-3-(phenylthio)propyl>-4-nitrophenol 126708-08-5 C15H15NO4S
    2-<2-hydroxy-3-(phenylthio)propyl>-4-nitrophenol
    —— 4-bromo-6-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol 1402158-29-5 C7H7BrO3
    4-bromo-6-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-<3-hydroxy-2-(phenylthio)propyl>-4-nitrophenol 126708-18-7 C15H15NO4S
    2-<3-hydroxy-2-(phenylthio)propyl>-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-bromo-4-chloro-5-methoxy-3-methylphenol 1233953-53-1 C8H8BrClO2
    2-bromo-4-chloro-5-methoxy-3-methylphenol
    —— (S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazolidinone 89201-80-9 C10H11NO4
    (S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazolidinone
    —— p-Toluamide, N-(2-(1-benzimidazolyl)ethyl)-, monopicrate 22261-49-0 C23H20N6O8
    p-Toluamide, N-(2-(1-benzimidazolyl)ethyl)-, monopicrate
    —— 3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-2-bromo-5-methoxyphenol 1170034-65-7 C21H19BrO4
    3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-2-bromo-5-methoxyphenol
    —— N-[3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl]-methanesulfonamide 477289-47-7 C10H15NO3S
    N-[3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl]-methanesulfonamide
    —— 5-(3'-hydroxy-3'-methylbutenyl)-2-methoxy-4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>phenol 127757-17-9 C15H23NO3
    5-(3'-hydroxy-3'-methylbutenyl)-2-methoxy-4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-(3'-methyl-2'-butenyl)-4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>phenol 127757-24-8 C15H23NO2
    2-methoxy-5-(3'-methyl-2'-butenyl)-4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>phenol
    —— threo-1-C-syringylglycerol 951627-70-6 C11H16O6
    threo-1-C-syringylglycerol
    —— 5-Ethyl-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-methyl-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid 22921-20-6 C16H20O3
    5-Ethyl-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-methyl-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid
    —— 1,2-bis[2,4-dimethyl-5-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-3-thienyl]hexafluorocyclopentene 440671-11-4 C29H22F6O2S2
    1,2-bis[2,4-dimethyl-5-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-3-thienyl]hexafluorocyclopentene
    —— 2-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)malononitrile 92279-39-5 C10H6N2O2
    2-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)malononitrile
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-butyric acid 84978-26-7 C13H18O3
    4-(2-Hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-butyric acid
    —— 2-(pent-4-en-2-yl)phenol 1186642-13-6 C11H14O
    2-(pent-4-en-2-yl)phenol
    —— 14167-20-5 C16H16N2NiO2
    —— 3-amino-2-fluoro-4-methylphenol 1427406-97-0 C7H8FNO
    3-amino-2-fluoro-4-methylphenol
    —— 1,4-bis-(2-hydroxy-thiobenzoyl)-piperazine 101793-38-8 C18H18N2O2S2
    1,4-bis-(2-hydroxy-thiobenzoyl)-piperazine
    —— 2,4,5-Trichlor-3,6-difluor-phenol 2375-66-8 C6HCl3F2O
    2,4,5-Trichlor-3,6-difluor-phenol
    —— 2-Chlor-acetamido-4-methoxyphenol 6238-93-3 C9H10ClNO3
    2-Chlor-acetamido-4-methoxyphenol
    —— cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)amide 883244-97-1 C11H13NO3
    cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)amide