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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one 87816-39-5 C13H14O5
    3-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-((Ξ)-vanillylidene)-dihydro-furan-2-one 5431-89-0 C12H12O4
    3-((Ξ)-vanillylidene)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one 87411-49-2 C13H14O3
    3-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— E-3-(heptadec-8'-enyl)benzene-1,2-diol 122850-19-5 C23H38O2
    E-3-(heptadec-8'-enyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (2'S,3'S)-4-tert-butyl-N-{1,3-dihydroxy-4-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-2-butyl}benzamide 1032453-22-7 C24H33NO5
    (2'S,3'S)-4-tert-butyl-N-{1,3-dihydroxy-4-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-2-butyl}benzamide
    —— (S)-4-tert-butyl-N-{1-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-yl}benzamide 1032453-13-6 C23H31NO4
    (S)-4-tert-butyl-N-{1-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-yl}benzamide
    —— 6-Benzyl-4a-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,5-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-2-one 6917-22-2 C25H22N4O3
    6-Benzyl-4a-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,5-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-2-one
    —— Metaprel 5874-97-5 C22H36N2O10S
    Metaprel
    —— manganese(2+);2-(pyridin-2-yliminomethyl)phenolate;dihydrate 128268-09-7 C24H22MnN4O4
    manganese(2+);2-(pyridin-2-yliminomethyl)phenolate;dihydrate
    —— 3-methoxy-4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenol 1266114-72-0 C12H17NO3
    3-methoxy-4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate;[2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl]-propan-2-ylazanium 56392-17-7 C34H56N2O12
    (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate;[2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl]-propan-2-ylazanium
    —— 2,6-dibromo-3,5-dimethoxyphenol 3410-81-9 C8H8Br2O3
    2,6-dibromo-3,5-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 4-Isopropyl-3-nitro-phenol 855415-47-3 C9H11NO3
    4-Isopropyl-3-nitro-phenol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dec-3-en-5-one 106073-61-4 C17H24O4
    3-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dec-3-en-5-one
    —— 6-chloro-5,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzodithiine-2,3-dicarbonitrile 1341127-49-8 C11H5ClN2O3S2
    6-chloro-5,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzodithiine-2,3-dicarbonitrile
    —— 4-cyclopropyl-2,6-dimethylphenol 914496-87-0 C11H14O
    4-cyclopropyl-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— isopropyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-1,5-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate 924824-87-3 C15H17N5O3
    isopropyl 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-1,5-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 6-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)hexanal 144180-79-0 C14H20O2
    6-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)hexanal
    —— N-(p-Hydroxyphenethyl)actinidine 15794-92-0 C18H22NO+
    N-(p-Hydroxyphenethyl)actinidine
    —— sesamolinol 100016-94-2 C20H20O7
    sesamolinol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl-epsilon-aminocaproic acid 10463-23-7 C14H18N2O6
    4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl-epsilon-aminocaproic acid
    —— N-<2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl>trifluoromethanesulfonamide 119481-60-6 C9H10F3NO3S
    N-<2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl>trifluoromethanesulfonamide
    —— 4-(3-allyl-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-1,2-diphenyl-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione 114279-46-8 C25H20N2O3
    4-(3-allyl-2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-1,2-diphenyl-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 2-[N-[2-[bis[2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]ethyl]amino]ethyl]-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]phenol 116670-23-6 C30H36N4O3
    2-[N-[2-[bis[2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]ethyl]amino]ethyl]-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]phenol
    —— (2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)methanone 934275-52-2 C13H17N3O4
    (2-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)methanone
    —— Cyclopenta-1,3-diene;iron;2,4,6-trinitrophenolate —— C16H12FeN3O7-3
    Cyclopenta-1,3-diene;iron;2,4,6-trinitrophenolate
    —— 1-(3-Nitro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone 454471-72-8 C12H15N3O4
    1-(3-Nitro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutanoic acid 1121760-03-9 C11H14O3
    4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutanoic acid
    —— 1-oxy-isonicotinic acid vanillylidenehydrazide 100868-12-0 C14H13N3O4
    1-oxy-isonicotinic acid vanillylidenehydrazide
    —— Avarol F 130203-72-4 C21H30O3
    Avarol F
    —— 3-(3-chloro-1,2,4-triazin-5-yl)-2-methylphenol 1203605-19-9 C10H8ClN3O
    3-(3-chloro-1,2,4-triazin-5-yl)-2-methylphenol
    —— 2,4-dichloro-3-isopropyl-6-nitrophenol 103145-11-5 C9H9Cl2NO3
    2,4-dichloro-3-isopropyl-6-nitrophenol
    —— 2,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)thiophene 1430419-19-4 C18H16O2S
    2,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)thiophene
    —— 4-[(1S)-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl]phenol 1208070-27-2 C10H12O2
    4-[(1S)-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl]phenol
    —— (E)-3-(furan-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 24933-88-8 C14H12O4
    (E)-3-(furan-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 5-Methoxy-2-hydroxyhydrozimtalkohol 33538-76-0 C10H14O3
    5-Methoxy-2-hydroxyhydrozimtalkohol
    —— (1S,1'S)-N-(1'-phenylethyl)-1-(2''-hydroxy-6''-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine 128113-80-4 C17H21NO2
    (1S,1'S)-N-(1'-phenylethyl)-1-(2''-hydroxy-6''-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine
    —— p-Hydroxybenzaldimin 55135-85-8 C7H7NO
    p-Hydroxybenzaldimin
    —— (3-hydroxy-phenyl)-trimethyl-arsonium; iodide 6636-05-1 C9H14AsO*I
    (3-hydroxy-phenyl)-trimethyl-arsonium; iodide
    —— Peyssonol B 156848-68-9 C24H32O4
    Peyssonol B
    —— 1-(5-(3-amino-4-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)ethanone 1472646-04-0 C17H15BrClN3O2
    1-(5-(3-amino-4-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl)ethanone
    —— 2-[5-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-phenol 107095-37-4 C17H18N2O2
    2-[5-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-5-methyl-phenol
    —— 5-Methyl-2-(5-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol 107095-38-5 C16H16N2O
    5-Methyl-2-(5-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propanol 106800-30-0 C11H16O4
    3-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propanol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) prop-2-en-1-one 63421-85-2 C14H11NO6
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-(6-Hydroxy-hexyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-phenol 77712-33-5 C15H24O4
    2-(6-Hydroxy-hexyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-phenol
    —— 3-(3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propanol 106800-32-2 C11H16O4
    3-(3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propanol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)propanol 106800-31-1 C11H16O4
    3-(4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)propanol
    —— (S)-N-Boc-noradrenaline 1044185-27-4 C13H19NO5
    (S)-N-Boc-noradrenaline
    —— 3-methoxy-4,5-dimethylphenol 146335-37-7 C9H12O2
    3-methoxy-4,5-dimethylphenol