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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-phenylpropanamide 316133-04-7 C16H16N2O3
    N-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-phenylpropanamide
    —— O-<4-Hydroxy-benzylidenamino>-glykolsaeure 90564-13-9 C9H9NO4
    O-<4-Hydroxy-benzylidenamino>-glykolsaeure
    —— 2-(Butyliminomethyl)phenol;copper 13986-33-9 C22H30CuN2O2
    2-(Butyliminomethyl)phenol;copper
    —— 2,3,5-Tris(morpholinomethyl)hydrochinon 6452-81-9 C21H33N3O5
    2,3,5-Tris(morpholinomethyl)hydrochinon
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-4-methyl-pent-2-en-1-one 41873-83-0 C13H16O2
    1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-4-methyl-pent-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-Azanidylpropyl-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]azanide;nickel 6944-67-8 C20H28N4NiO2-4
    2-Azanidylpropyl-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]azanide;nickel
    —— 2,2'-{[2-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dihydropyrimidine-1,3(2H,4H)-diyl]bis(methylene)}bis(6-methoxyphenol) 5767-45-3 C27H32N2O6
    2,2'-{[2-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dihydropyrimidine-1,3(2H,4H)-diyl]bis(methylene)}bis(6-methoxyphenol)
    —— 1,3-Bis(4-methoxy-benzyl)-2-(5-nitro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-hexahydropyrimidin 7355-43-3 C26H29N3O5
    1,3-Bis(4-methoxy-benzyl)-2-(5-nitro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-hexahydropyrimidin
    —— 2-[[2-[4-[Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-2-chlorophenyl]-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol 5767-47-5 C30H36Cl3N3O4
    2-[[2-[4-[Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-2-chlorophenyl]-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzyliden)-thiazolo<3,2-a>benzimidazol-3-on 341956-68-1 C17H12N2O3S
    2-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzyliden)-thiazolo<3,2-a>benzimidazol-3-on
    —— (2Z)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-3(2H)-one 1443655-11-5 C17H12N2O3S
    (2Z)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-3(2H)-one
    —— (2Z)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-3(2H)-one 124301-09-3 C17H12N2O3S
    (2Z)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-3(2H)-one
    —— 2-(p-hydroxy-m-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolo<3,2-a>benzimidazol-3(2H)-one 88498-93-5 C17H12N2O3S
    2-(p-hydroxy-m-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolo<3,2-a>benzimidazol-3(2H)-one
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,3-bis-(4-<N,N-bis-(2-chlor-ethyl)-amino>-benzyl)-hexahydropyrimidin 16757-45-2 C33H42Cl4N4O2
    2-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,3-bis-(4-<N,N-bis-(2-chlor-ethyl)-amino>-benzyl)-hexahydropyrimidin
    —— (2E,2'E)-2,2'-(2,5-Dihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diylidene)dihydrazinecarboximidamide 92352-38-0 C8H12N8O2
    (2E,2'E)-2,2'-(2,5-Dihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diylidene)dihydrazinecarboximidamide
    —— 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde guanylhydrazone 106694-40-0 C8H10N4O2
    3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde guanylhydrazone
    —— 2-{1,3-Bis[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]hexahydropyrimidin-2-yl}-6-methoxyphenol 5767-51-1 C29H36N2O6
    2-{1,3-Bis[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]hexahydropyrimidin-2-yl}-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-carbamoyloxymethyl-3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-oxazolidin-2-one 42902-47-6 C11H12N2O5
    5-carbamoyloxymethyl-3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— 2,2'-{[2-{4-[Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl}dihydropyrimidine-1,3(2H,4H)-diyl]bis(methylene)}bis(6-methoxyphenol) 5019-64-7 C30H37Cl2N3O4
    2,2'-{[2-{4-[Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl}dihydropyrimidine-1,3(2H,4H)-diyl]bis(methylene)}bis(6-methoxyphenol)
    —— 2-[[3-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol 5740-56-7 C26H30N2O5
    2-[[3-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— Cobalt;2-[(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)iminomethyl]phenol 52154-71-9 C22H30CoN2O4
    Cobalt;2-[(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2,2'-diphenyl-2,2'-[2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-dihydro-pyrimidine-1,3-diyl]-bis-acetonitrile 2164-70-7 C26H24N4O
    2,2'-diphenyl-2,2'-[2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-dihydro-pyrimidine-1,3-diyl]-bis-acetonitrile
    —— 2,2'-bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-2,2'-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-dihydro-pyrimidine-1,3-diyl]-bis-acetonitrile 2766-63-4 C29H30N4O4
    2,2'-bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-2,2'-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-dihydro-pyrimidine-1,3-diyl]-bis-acetonitrile
    —— 2-[[2-[4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl]-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol 5767-46-4 C28H35N3O4
    2-[[2-[4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl]-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3,5-Dihydroxy-4-methylphenylessigsaeuremethylester 61067-66-1 C10H12O4
    3,5-Dihydroxy-4-methylphenylessigsaeuremethylester
    —— 3,5-Dihydroxy-4-methylphenylessigsaeure 61067-65-0 C9H10O4
    3,5-Dihydroxy-4-methylphenylessigsaeure
    —— 2-[[2-[4-[Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-2-methylphenyl]-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol 5118-18-3 C31H39Cl2N3O4
    2-[[2-[4-[Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-2-methylphenyl]-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[[3-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol 5740-55-6 C26H30N2O4
    2-[[3-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— N-[1-(2-methyl-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-ethane-1,2-diamine 1196732-39-4 C11H18N2O
    N-[1-(2-methyl-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-ethane-1,2-diamine
    —— 4-(5,6-dihydro-imidazo[2,1-<i>b</i>]thiazol-3-yl)-phenol 23224-07-9 C11H10N2OS
    4-(5,6-dihydro-imidazo[2,1-<i>b</i>]thiazol-3-yl)-phenol
    —— Picric acid; compound with 4-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylamine 93689-13-5 C4H7N3*C6H3N3O7
    Picric acid; compound with 4-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylamine
    —— Nickel;2-(propyliminomethyl)phenol 15379-66-5 C20H26N2NiO2
    Nickel;2-(propyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— Copper;2-(propyliminomethyl)phenol 14077-15-7 C20H26CuN2O2
    Copper;2-(propyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(1-Hydroxybutan-2-yliminomethyl)phenol;nickel 13986-39-5 C22H30N2NiO4
    2-(1-Hydroxybutan-2-yliminomethyl)phenol;nickel
    —— Cobalt;2-(2-hydroxyethyliminomethyl)phenol 91710-34-8 C18H22CoN2O4
    Cobalt;2-(2-hydroxyethyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-3-methyl-2-buten-1-one 16648-82-1 C12H14O2
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-3-methyl-2-buten-1-one
    —— 2-(Butan-2-yliminomethyl)phenol;copper 16592-91-9 C22H30CuN2O2
    2-(Butan-2-yliminomethyl)phenol;copper
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxyethyliminomethyl)phenol;nickel 92280-97-2 C18H22N2NiO4
    2-(2-Hydroxyethyliminomethyl)phenol;nickel
    —— 4-((benzylamino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol 69875-94-1 C15H17NO2
    4-((benzylamino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— Copper;2-(propan-2-yliminomethyl)phenol 14077-14-6 C20H26CuN2O2
    Copper;2-(propan-2-yliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid ethyl ester 119404-56-7 C11H14O3
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2-ethyl-4-butyl-6-methyl-phenol 859180-06-6 C13H20O
    2-ethyl-4-butyl-6-methyl-phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-toluol-sulfonsaeure-(α) 79427-87-5 C7H8O4S
    2-Hydroxy-toluol-sulfonsaeure-(α)
    —— Cobalt;2-(propan-2-yliminomethyl)phenol —— C20H26CoN2O2
    Cobalt;2-(propan-2-yliminomethyl)phenol
    —— (6Z)-6-[(Isopropylamino)methylene]-2,4-cyclohexadien-1-one-nickel (2:1) 41754-10-3 C20H26N2NiO2
    (6Z)-6-[(Isopropylamino)methylene]-2,4-cyclohexadien-1-one-nickel (2:1)
    —— Cobalt(2+);(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneazanide 14220-45-2 C14H12CoN2O2
    Cobalt(2+);(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneazanide
    —— Salicylalylhydrazyl α-hydroxyethyl sulphide 95096-28-9 C9H12N2O2S
    Salicylalylhydrazyl α-hydroxyethyl sulphide
    —— 4-Chloro-6-[(propylamino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one--nickel (2/1) 5169-99-3 C20H24Cl2N2NiO2
    4-Chloro-6-[(propylamino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one--nickel (2/1)
    —— 5-Butyl-2-methyl-3-methylsulfanyl-phenol 89711-26-2 C12H18OS
    5-Butyl-2-methyl-3-methylsulfanyl-phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitrophenol 98404-02-5 C6H3ClFNO3
    4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-nitrophenol