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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (Z)-4-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-phenylisoxazol-5(4H)-one 132319-05-2 C16H11NO3
    (Z)-4-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-phenylisoxazol-5(4H)-one
    —— (Z)-4-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-phenylisoxazol-5(4H)-one —— C16H11NO3
    (Z)-4-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-phenylisoxazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 2,4-Diethylphloroglucin 55380-53-5 C10H14O3
    2,4-Diethylphloroglucin
    —— Copper;2-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propyliminomethyl]phenol 34982-76-8 C17H18CuN2O2
    Copper;2-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propyliminomethyl]phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenylisothiocyanate 121039-14-3 C7H3ClFNOS
    4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenylisothiocyanate
    —— [Phenyl(pyridin-4-yl)methyl] acetate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 24866-72-6 C20H16N4O9
    [Phenyl(pyridin-4-yl)methyl] acetate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— Cobalt;2-methoxy-6-[(4-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]phenol 18443-53-3 C30H30CoN2O4
    Cobalt;2-methoxy-6-[(4-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2-((1R,2S,4aR,8aS)-1,2,4a-Trimethyl-5-methylene-decahydro-naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-phenol 475301-85-0 C21H30O
    2-((1R,2S,4aR,8aS)-1,2,4a-Trimethyl-5-methylene-decahydro-naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-phenol
    —— 5-<i>tert</i>-butyl-4-methoxy-2-methyl-phenethyl alcohol 720698-28-2 C14H22O2
    5-<i>tert</i>-butyl-4-methoxy-2-methyl-phenethyl alcohol
    —— ethyl (Z)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-3,5-dihydro-2H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate 1443655-22-8 C24H22N2O5S
    ethyl (Z)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-3,5-dihydro-2H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-4-iodoaniline 3382-68-1 C14H12INO2
    N-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-4-iodoaniline
    —— Bis[3-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propyl]azanide;cobalt;hydrate 26035-30-3 C20H26CoN3O3-
    Bis[3-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propyl]azanide;cobalt;hydrate
    —— N-<5-Chlor-salicyliden>-p-toluidin 92290-65-8 C14H12ClNO
    N-<5-Chlor-salicyliden>-p-toluidin
    —— Cobalt;2-[(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)iminomethyl]phenol 38199-74-5 C32H48CoN4O4
    Cobalt;2-[(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(3,3,4,4-tetramethylthietan-2-ylidene)amino]phenol 312313-52-3 C13H17NOS
    2-[(3,3,4,4-tetramethylthietan-2-ylidene)amino]phenol
    —— 2-(Ethyliminomethyl)phenol;palladium 14444-53-2 C18H22N2O2Pd
    2-(Ethyliminomethyl)phenol;palladium
    —— 2-[(1-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)iminomethyl]phenol 23504-55-4 C16H24N2O2
    2-[(1-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— Cobalt;2-methoxy-6-[(4-methoxyphenyl)iminomethyl]phenol 33570-32-0 C30H30CoN2O6
    Cobalt;2-methoxy-6-[(4-methoxyphenyl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2-[(1-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)iminomethyl]phenol;nickel 36378-94-6 C32H48N4NiO4
    2-[(1-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)iminomethyl]phenol;nickel
    —— Copper;2-[(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)iminomethyl]phenol —— C32H48CuN4O4
    Copper;2-[(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 6-Chlor-5-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxathiol 17631-05-9 C7H3ClO3S
    6-Chlor-5-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxathiol
    —— 3-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-phenylthiophen-2-one 61477-87-0 C17H12O2S
    3-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-phenylthiophen-2-one
    —— N-(2-Hydroxy-3.5-dibrom-benzyliden)-anilin 16434-80-3 C13H8Br2ClNO
    N-(2-Hydroxy-3.5-dibrom-benzyliden)-anilin
    —— Copper;2-(ethyliminomethyl)phenol 14096-19-6 C18H22CuN2O2
    Copper;2-(ethyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— Bis[3-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propyl]azanide;cobalt —— C20H24CoN3O2-
    Bis[3-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propyl]azanide;cobalt
    —— (Z)-2-(5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-N-phenylacetamide 1280670-13-4 C19H16N2O5S
    (Z)-2-(5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-N-phenylacetamide
    —— (m-HOC6H4)3SnC6H5 115188-82-4 C24H20O3Sn
    (m-HOC6H4)3SnC6H5
    —— 1-(R)-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2(1-methyl-4-cyanobutylamino)ethanol oxalate salt 186303-13-9 C2H2O4*C14H20N2O3
    1-(R)-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2(1-methyl-4-cyanobutylamino)ethanol oxalate salt
    —— 2-(Benzyliminomethyl)phenol;2-methanidylprop-1-ene;palladium(2+) 53217-75-7 C18H19NOPd
    2-(Benzyliminomethyl)phenol;2-methanidylprop-1-ene;palladium(2+)
    —— 2-isohexyl-hydroquinone 37966-30-6 C12H18O2
    2-isohexyl-hydroquinone
    —— (E)-salicylaldehyde thiobenzhydrazone 89983-79-9 C14H12N2OS
    (E)-salicylaldehyde thiobenzhydrazone
    —— 2,3,7,8-Tetrazaspiro[4.4]nonane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 58979-82-1 C11H15N7O7
    2,3,7,8-Tetrazaspiro[4.4]nonane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl 4-nitrophenyl carbonate 485798-63-8 C17H17NO7
    2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl 4-nitrophenyl carbonate
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-(3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propyl)-4<i>H</i>-[1,3,4]oxadiazin-5-one 53995-45-2 C16H21N3O3
    2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-(3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propyl)-4<i>H</i>-[1,3,4]oxadiazin-5-one
    —— (3aR,9bS)-3a-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3a,9b-dihydro-4H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]chromen-7-ol 111254-27-4 C20H22O6
    (3aR,9bS)-3a-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3a,9b-dihydro-4H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]chromen-7-ol
    —— [(R)-2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl)ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 1286280-49-6 C14H21NO5
    [(R)-2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl)ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-5(6H)-one 53995-44-1 C15H19N3O4
    2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-5(6H)-one
    —— 4-(3-bromo-prop-1-ynyl)-phenol 287407-02-7 C9H7BrO
    4-(3-bromo-prop-1-ynyl)-phenol
    —— 4-(1-(thiophene-3-yl)ethyl)benzene-1,3-diol 1393115-10-0 C12H12O2S
    4-(1-(thiophene-3-yl)ethyl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-sek.-Butyloxymethyl-4.6-dinitro-phenol 2634-04-0 C11H14N2O6
    2-sek.-Butyloxymethyl-4.6-dinitro-phenol
    —— riccardiphenol B 1261490-44-1 C22H30O2
    riccardiphenol B
    —— ((E)-5-Pentadec-1-enyl)-benzene-1,3-diol 124210-59-9 C21H34O2
    ((E)-5-Pentadec-1-enyl)-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 1-(3-hydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-one 1353087-70-3 C11H13NO2
    1-(3-hydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-one
    —— curcumin 861968-03-8 C23H25NO5
    curcumin
    —— 2-methoxy-6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)phenol 28012-18-2 C12H16O2
    2-methoxy-6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)phenol
    —— 1,5-dihydroxy-2,4-bis(tert-butylethynyl)benzene 960159-71-1 C18H22O2
    1,5-dihydroxy-2,4-bis(tert-butylethynyl)benzene
    —— Copper;2-[[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]iminomethyl]phenol 14406-70-3 C20H16CuN2O2
    Copper;2-[[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 6-Chlorobenzene-1,2,4-triol 150097-90-8 C6H5ClO3
    6-Chlorobenzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-(10-phenyl-decyl)-phenol 106484-87-1 C23H32O2
    2-Methoxy-6-(10-phenyl-decyl)-phenol
    —— 2-[1-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]thiazole 131610-05-4 C11H8F3NO2S
    2-[1-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]thiazole