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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[3-pyridin-3-yl-1-[(5-pyridin-2-yl-2-thienyl)sulfonyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol 1035231-93-6 C23H18N4O3S2
    2-[3-pyridin-3-yl-1-[(5-pyridin-2-yl-2-thienyl)sulfonyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 4-Methoxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyloxy)-phenol 92720-64-4 C12H16O3
    4-Methoxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyloxy)-phenol
    —— 2-(Ethylamino)ethanol-pentachlorophenol(1:1) 91818-14-3 C10H12Cl5NO2
    2-(Ethylamino)ethanol-pentachlorophenol(1:1)
    —— 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)butyl alcohol 58081-14-4 C10H14O2
    4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)butyl alcohol
    —— 6-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyridazin-3-one 56872-35-6 C11H12N2O2
    6-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyridazin-3-one
    —— 2-Propenyl-hydrochinon 1706-71-4 C9H10O2
    2-Propenyl-hydrochinon
    —— R-(-)-N-methyl-3-(2-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyloxy)-3-phenyl-1-aminopropane hydrochloride 457634-24-1 C17H21NO2*ClH
    R-(-)-N-methyl-3-(2-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyloxy)-3-phenyl-1-aminopropane hydrochloride
    —— (5-Chloro-2-Hydroxy-Phenyl)-Methanesulfonamide 519172-28-2 C7H8ClNO3S
    (5-Chloro-2-Hydroxy-Phenyl)-Methanesulfonamide
    —— (R)-2-[4-[3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropoxy]phenyl]ethanol 1615654-47-1 C18H23NO2
    (R)-2-[4-[3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropoxy]phenyl]ethanol
    —— (R)-2-[4-[3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropoxy]phenyl]ethanol hydrochloride 1615654-08-4 C18H23NO2*ClH
    (R)-2-[4-[3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropoxy]phenyl]ethanol hydrochloride
    —— 4-[3-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-5-yl]benzene-1,3-diol 1453488-28-2 C16H15ClN2O2
    4-[3-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-5-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-26,27,28-tris((dimethyl(thiocarbamoyl)oxy))calix<4>arene-25-ol 173400-93-6 C53H71N3O4S3
    5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-26,27,28-tris((dimethyl(thiocarbamoyl)oxy))calix<4>arene-25-ol
    —— 4-{2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propylamino}-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 890017-32-0 C22H36N2O5
    4-{2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propylamino}-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— (2'S,3'S)-N-{1,3-dihydroxy-4-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-2-butyl}pivaloylamide 1032453-21-6 C18H29NO5
    (2'S,3'S)-N-{1,3-dihydroxy-4-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-2-butyl}pivaloylamide
    —— (4S,5S)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]methyl}oxazolidin-2-one 1032453-23-8 C14H19NO5
    (4S,5S)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]methyl}oxazolidin-2-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-nitro-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide 1450923-59-7 C17H15N3O6S2
    3-hydroxy-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-nitro-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide
    —— 2-chloro-4-(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)phenol 121058-41-1 C9H5ClF6O2
    2-chloro-4-(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)phenol
    —— 2-[1,3,5]Trithian-2-yl-phenol 34119-68-1 C9H10OS3
    2-[1,3,5]Trithian-2-yl-phenol
    —— 3'-(4'''-bromophenyl)propanyl 3-(3''-hydroxy-4''-methoxyphenyl)propanoate 1146133-72-3 C19H21BrO4
    3'-(4'''-bromophenyl)propanyl 3-(3''-hydroxy-4''-methoxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— 2,6-Diaethyl-4-fluor-phenol 2928-20-3 C10H13FO
    2,6-Diaethyl-4-fluor-phenol
    —— 2,3,5,6-tetramethoxyphenol 56002-83-6 C10H14O5
    2,3,5,6-tetramethoxyphenol
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-amine(1:1) 53073-82-8 C13H16N6O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-amine(1:1)
    —— N-(4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyphenethyl)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethyl)amine hydrochloride 79624-60-5 C18H23NO5*ClH
    N-(4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyphenethyl)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethyl)amine hydrochloride
    —— (E)-3-methoxy-5-[2-(thiophene-2-ylsulfanyl)vinyl]phenol 1227376-21-7 C13H12O2S2
    (E)-3-methoxy-5-[2-(thiophene-2-ylsulfanyl)vinyl]phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-[(phenylmethoxy)methyl]-benzaldehyde 1320259-48-0 C16H16O4
    2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-[(phenylmethoxy)methyl]-benzaldehyde
    —— 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-[(phenylmethoxy)methyl]-benzaldehyde 1320259-78-6 C16H15ClO4
    3-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-[(phenylmethoxy)methyl]-benzaldehyde
    —— (5e)-5-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)imino]furan-2(5h)-one 81632-88-4 C10H7NO3
    (5e)-5-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)imino]furan-2(5h)-one
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane(1:1) 70243-40-2 C14H18N4O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane(1:1)
    —— 4-methoxy-2,6-bis(methylthiomethyl)phenol 33314-00-0 C11H16O2S2
    4-methoxy-2,6-bis(methylthiomethyl)phenol
    —— 3-[4-(2-cyclohexyloxyethyl)-phenoxy]-1,2-epoxypropane 86587-68-0 C17H24O3
    3-[4-(2-cyclohexyloxyethyl)-phenoxy]-1,2-epoxypropane
    —— 4-<2-(cyclohexyloxy)ethyl>phenol 86587-67-9 C14H20O2
    4-<2-(cyclohexyloxy)ethyl>phenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-methylthiomethylphenol 33313-99-4 C9H12O2S
    4-methoxy-2-methylthiomethylphenol
    —— 4-hydroxyphenyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl ether 154393-78-9 C15H23NO2
    4-hydroxyphenyl 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl ether
    —— 3-[4-(2-cyclohexyloxyethyl)-phenoxy]-1-isopropylaminopropan-2-ol 86587-69-1 C20H33NO3
    3-[4-(2-cyclohexyloxyethyl)-phenoxy]-1-isopropylaminopropan-2-ol
    —— 2-chloro-6-methylthiomethylphenol 33319-95-8 C8H9ClOS
    2-chloro-6-methylthiomethylphenol
    —— 4-(3-hydroxypentyl)-2-methoxyphenol 39728-77-3 C12H18O3
    4-(3-hydroxypentyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-Tert-butyl-3-methylazetidin-3-ol-2,4,6-trinitrophenol(1:1) 35196-67-9 C14H20N4O8
    1-Tert-butyl-3-methylazetidin-3-ol-2,4,6-trinitrophenol(1:1)
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)benzaldehyde 83088-09-9 C13H16O3
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)benzaldehyde
    —— 4-methoxy-2-(3-methylbutyl)phenol 163780-76-5 C12H18O2
    4-methoxy-2-(3-methylbutyl)phenol
    —— 2-methyl-6-(1-methyl)-allyl-phenol 73720-58-8 C11H14O
    2-methyl-6-(1-methyl)-allyl-phenol
    —— 2,2'-disulfanediyl-di-hydroquinone 358657-69-9 C12H10O4S2
    2,2'-disulfanediyl-di-hydroquinone
    —— N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]hexanamide 1184818-23-2 C14H21NO2
    N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]hexanamide
    —— N-Nonanoyl-tyramin 21469-32-9 C17H27NO2
    N-Nonanoyl-tyramin
    —— Tetradeca-2t,4t-diensaeure-(4-hydroxyphenyl-aethyl)-amid 24738-54-3 C22H33NO2
    Tetradeca-2t,4t-diensaeure-(4-hydroxyphenyl-aethyl)-amid
    —— N-Tridecanoyltyramin 21469-28-3 C21H35NO2
    N-Tridecanoyltyramin
    —— N-Heptanoyl-tyramin 21469-34-1 C15H23NO2
    N-Heptanoyl-tyramin
    —— 6-Acetamido-3-methoxy-2-methylphenol 60512-83-6 C10H13NO3
    6-Acetamido-3-methoxy-2-methylphenol
    —— (S)-<4-<2-<<2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl>amino>ethoxy>phenoxy>-N-(2-methoxyethyl)acetamide 139892-83-4 C22H30N2O7
    (S)-<4-<2-<<2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl>amino>ethoxy>phenoxy>-N-(2-methoxyethyl)acetamide
    —— dinklageine 91668-36-9 C19H23NO5
    dinklageine
    —— 4-(Pentadecafluoroheptyl)phenol 57578-99-1 C13H5F15O
    4-(Pentadecafluoroheptyl)phenol