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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (E)-(R)-3-Hydroxy-2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-non-4-enoic acid (3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-amide 911030-83-6 C20H31NO4
    (E)-(R)-3-Hydroxy-2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-non-4-enoic acid (3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-amide
    —— 4-((Phenylimino)methyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol 6316-69-4 C13H11NO3
    4-((Phenylimino)methyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— N-hexyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanamide 1179525-30-4 C16H25NO3
    N-hexyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-penta-2E,4E-dienal 153600-50-1 C12H12O3
    5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-penta-2E,4E-dienal
    —— (3-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)oxirane 122030-37-9 C14H18O2
    (3-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)oxirane
    —— 2-cyano-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-2E,4E,6E-trienoic acid 3,4-di-hydroxybenzylamide 878795-54-1 C22H20N2O5
    2-cyano-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-2E,4E,6E-trienoic acid 3,4-di-hydroxybenzylamide
    —— 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,26-dihydroxy-27,28-(1,4,7,10-tetraoxadecane-1,10-diyl)thiacalix[4]arene 483342-38-7 C46H58O6S4
    5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,26-dihydroxy-27,28-(1,4,7,10-tetraoxadecane-1,10-diyl)thiacalix[4]arene
    —— 5,6-Bis[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]hexane-1,2,3,4-tetrol 5456-66-6 C20H24N2O6
    5,6-Bis[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]hexane-1,2,3,4-tetrol
    —— 3,5-Diiodo-4-nitrophenol 6936-75-0 C6H3I2NO3
    3,5-Diiodo-4-nitrophenol
    —— 3-(2,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid isopropyl ester 55144-50-8 C12H16O4
    3-(2,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid isopropyl ester
    —— 3-<N-4-Hydroxyphenylthiocarbamoylthio>-propionsaeure 53627-44-4 C10H11NO3S2
    3-<N-4-Hydroxyphenylthiocarbamoylthio>-propionsaeure
    —— 5-bromo-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentane 103502-23-4 C11H15BrO
    5-bromo-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentane
    —— 2-Chlor-6-trifluormethyl-4-nitrophenol 69741-65-7 C7H3ClF3NO3
    2-Chlor-6-trifluormethyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— ethyl 5-acetyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate 916912-25-9 C19H23NO5
    ethyl 5-acetyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate
    —— N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)nonanamide 123653-02-1 C16H25NO2
    N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)nonanamide
    —— 3,5,5,9-Tetramethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol 119660-66-1 C15H22O
    3,5,5,9-Tetramethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-2-ol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[5-methyl-5-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl]phenol 1013393-94-6 C13H13N3O4
    2-methoxy-5-[5-methyl-5-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl]phenol
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]-benzamide 214124-47-7 C15H16N2O4
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]-benzamide
    —— 2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-chloro-phenylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole 1300713-16-9 C15H12ClN3O2S
    2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-chloro-phenylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole
    —— (E)-4-(tert-butyl)-N'-((E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)allylidene)benzohydrazide 1607472-36-5 C21H24N2O3
    (E)-4-(tert-butyl)-N'-((E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)allylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— 5-methoxy-2-(1-(piperidin-1-yl)allyl)phenol 1454789-98-0 C15H21NO2
    5-methoxy-2-(1-(piperidin-1-yl)allyl)phenol
    —— 2-{(E)-[(4-fluorophenyl)imino]methyl}-6-methoxyphenol 1841-85-6 C14H12FNO2
    2-{(E)-[(4-fluorophenyl)imino]methyl}-6-methoxyphenol
    —— Tripropylammoniumpikrat —— C15H24N4O7
    Tripropylammoniumpikrat
    —— N-[(S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpropyl]acetamide 1204483-60-2 C12H17NO2
    N-[(S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpropyl]acetamide
    —— 2,4-Dinitrophenol;1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline 86434-16-4 C15H15N3O5
    2,4-Dinitrophenol;1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline
    —— tert-butyl 1-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutyl]-3-methylbutyl-carbamate 1010817-90-9 C20H31NO3
    tert-butyl 1-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutyl]-3-methylbutyl-carbamate
    —— 5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(6-chloropyridine-3-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2,4-dione 1379032-12-8 C15H8BrClN2O4
    5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(6-chloropyridine-3-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2,4-dione
    —— Cyan-essigsaeure-vanillylidenhydrazid 7702-33-2 C11H11N3O3
    Cyan-essigsaeure-vanillylidenhydrazid
    —— 2-Chloro-4,6-dipentylphenol 6319-30-8 C16H25ClO
    2-Chloro-4,6-dipentylphenol
    —— 3-hydroxy-benzaldehyde-(4-phenyl thiosemicarbazone) 76572-75-3 C14H13N3OS
    3-hydroxy-benzaldehyde-(4-phenyl thiosemicarbazone)
    —— 2-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-4-fluorophenol 603041-30-1 C9H9FO3
    2-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-4-fluorophenol
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)phenol 148123-58-4 C12H16O3
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)phenol
    —— (S)-(+)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid carbamoylmethylester 164210-33-7 C11H13NO4
    (S)-(+)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid carbamoylmethylester
    —— (4-Hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)arsonic acid 6267-45-4 C6H6AsIO4
    (4-Hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)arsonic acid
    —— 2-Phenylimino-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol —— C15H13N3O2S
    2-Phenylimino-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol
    —— 1-<3-Hydroxy-phenyl>-cyclopentan-carbonsaeure-(1) 92847-83-1 C12H14O3
    1-<3-Hydroxy-phenyl>-cyclopentan-carbonsaeure-(1)
    —— 2-chloro-4-(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy)pyridine 1185999-53-4 C15H16ClNO3
    2-chloro-4-(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy)pyridine
    —— 5-methoxy-2-(phenylsulfinyl)phenol 1300714-26-4 C13H12O3S
    5-methoxy-2-(phenylsulfinyl)phenol
    —— 2-[1-Hydroxy-2-(2-methyl-oxiranyl)-ethyl]-4-methoxy-phenol 433955-08-9 C12H16O4
    2-[1-Hydroxy-2-(2-methyl-oxiranyl)-ethyl]-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— benzo[c][1,2]oxaborole-1,7(3H)-diol 1093643-06-1 C7H7BO3
    benzo[c][1,2]oxaborole-1,7(3H)-diol
    —— hydroxyanantine 85644-21-9 C15H15N3O2
    hydroxyanantine
    —— 5-Bromo-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2-methoxyphenol 1260143-07-4 C13H21BrO3Si
    5-Bromo-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(1,4-dioxa-5-cyclopentyl)-4-guanidinophenol 624722-40-3 C10H13N3O3
    2-(1,4-dioxa-5-cyclopentyl)-4-guanidinophenol
    —— 4-methyl-3-(methanethio)phenol 85428-44-0 C8H10OS
    4-methyl-3-(methanethio)phenol
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-butan-2-one 117379-93-8 C11H14O2
    1-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-butan-2-one
    —— 4-(5-hydroxymethylselenophen-2-yl)phenol 1123312-89-9 C11H10O2Se
    4-(5-hydroxymethylselenophen-2-yl)phenol
    —— N,N-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)acetamide 148235-18-1 C16H17NO3
    N,N-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)acetamide
    —— 4'-hydroxy-3'-nitroacetophenone ethylene acetal 145600-81-3 C10H11NO5
    4'-hydroxy-3'-nitroacetophenone ethylene acetal
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methylaniline sulfate 6274-30-2 C7H9NO*H2O4S
    4-hydroxy-3-methylaniline sulfate
    —— m-Hydroxyperisoxal 53983-88-3 C16H20N2O3
    m-Hydroxyperisoxal