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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1-hexene 78167-58-5 C13H18O
    6-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1-hexene
    —— 3-Methyl-1,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7511-10-6 C14H17N5O7
    3-Methyl-1,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— N',N'-diethylpropane-1,3-diamine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7505-16-0 C13H21N5O7
    N',N'-diethylpropane-1,3-diamine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 5-Hydroxy-tricyclo[8.2.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>]trideca-3,5,7-trien-13-one oxime 77955-02-3 C13H15NO2
    5-Hydroxy-tricyclo[8.2.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>]trideca-3,5,7-trien-13-one oxime
    —— Butyl carbamimidothioate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 2788-59-2 C11H15N5O7S
    Butyl carbamimidothioate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— benzene-1,3,5-triol;ethyl N'-phenylcarbamimidothioate 7505-30-8 C15H18N2O3S
    benzene-1,3,5-triol;ethyl N'-phenylcarbamimidothioate
    —— 1-(1H-indol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7511-15-1 C17H17N5O7
    1-(1H-indol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— N-[3-(diethylamino)propyl]-N-(2-nitrophenyl)acetamide;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7702-73-0 C21H26N6O10
    N-[3-(diethylamino)propyl]-N-(2-nitrophenyl)acetamide;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imiazol-2-yl)-2-nitrophenol 182932-72-5 C9H9N3O3
    4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imiazol-2-yl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2,6-dimethoxy-3,5-bis(methylthio)phenol 115319-94-3 C13H21NO3S2
    4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2,6-dimethoxy-3,5-bis(methylthio)phenol
    —— 4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2,6-dimethoxy-3-(methylthio)phenol 115319-90-9 C12H19NO3S
    4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2,6-dimethoxy-3-(methylthio)phenol
    —— 5-deuterio-4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2,6-dimethoxy-3-(methylthio)phenol 115319-95-4 C12H19NO3S
    5-deuterio-4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2,6-dimethoxy-3-(methylthio)phenol
    —— 4,5-Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole 94843-17-1 C14H10N2O2S
    4,5-Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole
    —— 4-Chloro-3-pentylphenol 7495-70-7 C11H15ClO
    4-Chloro-3-pentylphenol
    —— 5-[5-[4-[[4,6-Bis(4-methoxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]phenyl]-2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-2-methoxyphenol 1422249-76-0 C39H34N10O8
    5-[5-[4-[[4,6-Bis(4-methoxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]phenyl]-2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-3-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-[3-[4-[[4,6-Bis(4-methoxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-thiazol-5-yl]-2-methoxyphenol 1422249-64-6 C33H31N7O4S
    5-[3-[4-[[4,6-Bis(4-methoxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-thiazol-5-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-Nitro-4-(2'-nitroethenyl) phenol —— C8H6N2O5
    2-Nitro-4-(2'-nitroethenyl) phenol
    —— (4E)-4-[2-(5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]-3-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one 60592-95-2 C8H7N5O2S
    (4E)-4-[2-(5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]-3-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— (3-hydroxyphenyl)(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)methanethione 1617505-94-8 C17H12OS2
    (3-hydroxyphenyl)(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)methanethione
    —— 3-((5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)methyl)phenol 1617505-95-9 C17H14OS
    3-((5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)methyl)phenol
    —— 3-(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)phenol 1078733-84-2 C16H12OS
    3-(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3-(difluoro(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)methyl)phenol 1617505-93-7 C17H12F2OS
    3-(difluoro(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)methyl)phenol
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-8-bromophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-isoxazoline 29976-89-4 C17H16BrNO3
    3-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-8-bromophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-isoxazoline
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde oxime 71253-52-6 C9H11NO4
    2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde oxime
    —— N<sup>2</sup>-ortho-hydroxyphenyl-N',N'-dimethylformamidine 64452-07-9 C9H12N2O
    N<sup>2</sup>-ortho-hydroxyphenyl-N',N'-dimethylformamidine
    —— 3-Methoxy-4-propyl-phenol 77934-55-5 C10H14O2
    3-Methoxy-4-propyl-phenol
    —— 3-hydroxy-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-2-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide 384823-10-3 C18H18ClNO4
    3-hydroxy-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-2-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylamide
    —— 2-nitro-6-(pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)-phenol 928196-55-8 C10H12N2O5S
    2-nitro-6-(pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)-phenol
    —— 1,1-Diethyl-3-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]thiourea 166036-46-0 C13H19N3OS
    1,1-Diethyl-3-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 2-[(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1-hydroxyguanidine —— C9H11ClN4O3
    2-[(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1-hydroxyguanidine
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-6-(3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1-hexene 116911-85-4 C16H24O4
    5,5-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-6-(3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1-hexene
    —— trans-2-(3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,3-trimethylcyclopentane 116911-87-6 C16H24O3
    trans-2-(3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,3-trimethylcyclopentane
    —— Undecanamide, 11,11'-dithiobis(N-vanillyl- 102612-99-7 C38H60N2O6S2
    Undecanamide, 11,11'-dithiobis(N-vanillyl-
    —— Vanillin-dibenzyldithioacetal 32188-52-6 C22H22O2S2
    Vanillin-dibenzyldithioacetal
    —— 5,13-dibromo-8,16-dihydroxy<2.2>metacyclophane 144072-17-3 C16H14Br2O2
    5,13-dibromo-8,16-dihydroxy<2.2>metacyclophane
    —— N'-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-N,N-dipropylcarbamimidothioic acid 166036-47-1 C15H23N3OS
    N'-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-N,N-dipropylcarbamimidothioic acid
    —— N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]piperidine-1-carbothioamide 166036-48-2 C14H19N3OS
    N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]piperidine-1-carbothioamide
    —— 2-tert-butyl-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6H-pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3]benzodiazepin-5-one 1318763-29-9 C23H25N3O3
    2-tert-butyl-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6H-pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3]benzodiazepin-5-one
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-N,N-bis(1-methylethyl)-4-oxobut-2-ynamide 98153-19-6 C17H21NO3
    4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-N,N-bis(1-methylethyl)-4-oxobut-2-ynamide
    —— 4-Nitro-2-[(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)iminomethyl]phenol 112120-10-2 C16H11N3O3S
    4-Nitro-2-[(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)cyclopentan-1-one ethylene acetal 120647-36-1 C14H18O3
    2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)cyclopentan-1-one ethylene acetal
    —— 5-[[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-diethoxyphosphorylmethyl]amino]-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione 908089-94-1 C15H19ClN3O6P
    5-[[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-diethoxyphosphorylmethyl]amino]-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-[5-(3-Bromo-phenyl)-isoxazol-3-yl]-4-methyl-phenol 651021-71-5 C16H12BrNO2
    2-[5-(3-Bromo-phenyl)-isoxazol-3-yl]-4-methyl-phenol
    —— Copper;2-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethyliminomethyl]phenol —— C16H16CuN2O2
    Copper;2-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethyliminomethyl]phenol
    —— Phenol, 2-((cyclohexylamino)methyl)-6-methoxy- 59004-61-4 C14H21NO2
    Phenol, 2-((cyclohexylamino)methyl)-6-methoxy-
    —— 2,6-Bis-morpholinomethyl-hydrochinon 93143-24-9 C16H24N2O4
    2,6-Bis-morpholinomethyl-hydrochinon
    —— Copper;2-(phenyliminomethyl)phenol 14363-27-0 C26H22CuN2O2
    Copper;2-(phenyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-[2-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethyliminomethyl]phenol;manganese —— C16H16MnN2O2
    2-[2-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]ethyliminomethyl]phenol;manganese
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)benzaldehyde 101913-36-4 C13H17NO3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)benzaldehyde
    —— 4-Fluoro-2-((R)-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-phenol 156597-63-6 C8H9FO2
    4-Fluoro-2-((R)-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-phenol