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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— acetic acid-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dinitro-anilide) 860577-58-8 C8H7N3O6
    acetic acid-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dinitro-anilide)
    —— 2-(2-Thiazolylazo)-4-methoxy-phenol 3012-52-0 C10H9N3O2S
    2-(2-Thiazolylazo)-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— N-(3-Hydroxybenzyl)-N-methyl hydrazine dihydrogen phosphate 3426-07-1 C8H15N2O5P
    N-(3-Hydroxybenzyl)-N-methyl hydrazine dihydrogen phosphate
    —— 2-[[2-Ethoxyethyl-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]-6-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol 54219-89-5 C26H35NO5
    2-[[2-Ethoxyethyl-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]-6-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol
    —— 3-Nitro-5-amino-2-oxy-1-methyl-benzol 13478-91-6 C7H8N2O3
    3-Nitro-5-amino-2-oxy-1-methyl-benzol
    —— 3,4,5,6-Tetrachlorobenzene-1,2-diol;tungsten 54162-26-4 C36H12Cl24O12W2
    3,4,5,6-Tetrachlorobenzene-1,2-diol;tungsten
    —— 4-Chloro-2-(1-imidazol-1-yl-2-methyl-propenyl)-phenol 85128-29-6 C13H13ClN2O
    4-Chloro-2-(1-imidazol-1-yl-2-methyl-propenyl)-phenol
    —— 3-Fluoro-4-(1-hydroxy-2-isopropylamino-ethyl)-benzene-1,2-diol 61338-98-5 C11H16FNO3
    3-Fluoro-4-(1-hydroxy-2-isopropylamino-ethyl)-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 1,5-dimethyl-3-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-6-thioxo-1,2,4,5-tetrazane 1188549-27-0 C10H14N4OS
    1,5-dimethyl-3-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-6-thioxo-1,2,4,5-tetrazane
    —— 2-amino-3,5,6-trimethyl-hydroquinone 145998-04-5 C9H13NO2
    2-amino-3,5,6-trimethyl-hydroquinone
    —— (2,5-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-acetic acid 792916-97-3 C11H14O4S
    (2,5-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-acetic acid
    —— 4-chloro-2,3,6-trimethylphenol 36433-51-9 C9H11ClO
    4-chloro-2,3,6-trimethylphenol
    —— seco-plakortolide M 1266187-48-7 C26H42O5
    seco-plakortolide M
    —— N-[3-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoylamino)propyl]-N'-[3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoylamino)propyl]homopiperazine 133668-62-9 C30H44N4O8
    N-[3-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoylamino)propyl]-N'-[3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoylamino)propyl]homopiperazine
    —— Obtusaquinone deriv jurd 2561 72590-24-0 C15H14O5
    Obtusaquinone deriv jurd 2561
    —— 4,6-Bis[(3-hydroxypropylamino)methyl]-2-nitrobenzene-1,3-diol 41510-33-2 C14H23N3O6
    4,6-Bis[(3-hydroxypropylamino)methyl]-2-nitrobenzene-1,3-diol
    —— N-(4-Chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide 120226-57-5 C12H16ClNO2
    N-(4-Chloro-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide
    —— 4-(benzyloxy)-2-mercaptophenol 110645-14-2 C13H12O2S
    4-(benzyloxy)-2-mercaptophenol
    —— 4-amino-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-6-(4-nitro-phenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 59623-98-2 C21H23N3O6
    4-amino-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-6-(4-nitro-phenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2-Methylidene-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 65541-32-4 C14H14N4O8
    2-Methylidene-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-amino-6-(4-cyano-phenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 59624-00-9 C22H23N3O4
    4-amino-6-(4-cyano-phenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2,2,2-trichloro-1-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethanol 72422-57-2 C8H7Cl3O3
    2,2,2-trichloro-1-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethanol
    —— 4-amino-6-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 59624-01-0 C21H22Cl2N2O4
    4-amino-6-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 3-(5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)phenol 60766-60-1 C10H10BrNO5
    3-(5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-amino-6-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-5,6-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-pyrimidin-4-one 68845-92-1 C11H13N3O3
    2-amino-6-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-5,6-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-pyrimidin-4-one
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-amino-6-oxo-tetrahydro-3,4,5,6-pyrimidin 68845-87-4 C10H11N3O2
    4-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-amino-6-oxo-tetrahydro-3,4,5,6-pyrimidin
    —— Methyl-4-hydroxy-2-methoxydithiobenzoat 62070-80-8 C9H10O2S2
    Methyl-4-hydroxy-2-methoxydithiobenzoat
    —— 2-amino-6-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5,6-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-pyrimidin-4-one 68845-89-6 C11H13N3O2
    2-amino-6-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-5,6-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-pyrimidin-4-one
    —— (4-benzyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-5(6H)-one) 53995-36-1 C16H14N2O3
    (4-benzyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-5(6H)-one)
    —— 4-(2-Chloroethyl)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-5(6H)-one 53995-34-9 C11H11ClN2O3
    4-(2-Chloroethyl)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazin-5(6H)-one
    —— 1-Acetyl-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methyl-benzyl)-piperazine-2,5-dione 628718-90-1 C15H18N2O5
    1-Acetyl-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methyl-benzyl)-piperazine-2,5-dione
    —— 4-(3,3-dimethylbutynyl)phenol 184031-04-7 C12H14O
    4-(3,3-dimethylbutynyl)phenol
    —— 3-[Hydroxy-(10-oxo-10H-9-oxa-10λ<sup>5</sup>-phospha-phenanthren-10-yl)-methyl]-phenol 130444-43-8 C19H15O4P
    3-[Hydroxy-(10-oxo-10H-9-oxa-10λ<sup>5</sup>-phospha-phenanthren-10-yl)-methyl]-phenol
    —— 2,6,2',6',2'',6''-hexamethyl-4,4',4''-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tris-phenol 38013-14-8 C27H27N3O3
    2,6,2',6',2'',6''-hexamethyl-4,4',4''-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tris-phenol
    —— 2-[Hydroxy-(10-oxo-10H-9-oxa-10λ<sup>5</sup>-phospha-phenanthren-10-yl)-methyl]-phenol 130444-42-7 C19H15O4P
    2-[Hydroxy-(10-oxo-10H-9-oxa-10λ<sup>5</sup>-phospha-phenanthren-10-yl)-methyl]-phenol
    —— 2,5-Bis<(2-oxo-cyclooctyl)methyl>hydrochinon 66714-90-7 C24H34O4
    2,5-Bis<(2-oxo-cyclooctyl)methyl>hydrochinon
    —— 2,5-Bis<(2-oxo-cycloheptyl)methyl>hydrochinon 66714-89-4 C22H30O4
    2,5-Bis<(2-oxo-cycloheptyl)methyl>hydrochinon
    —— N-(tri-isopropylsilyloxycarbonyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-(methylenedioxy)benzylamine 438036-73-8 C25H35NO6Si
    N-(tri-isopropylsilyloxycarbonyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-(methylenedioxy)benzylamine
    —— vanillidene-o-toluidine 59675-15-9 C15H15NO2
    vanillidene-o-toluidine
    —— 2,5-Bis<(2-oxo-cyclododecyl)methyl>hydrochinon 66714-91-8 C32H50O4
    2,5-Bis<(2-oxo-cyclododecyl)methyl>hydrochinon
    —— 6-Methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 3956-51-2 C12H9N5O7S
    6-Methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-fluoro-2-(diisopropylphosphanyl)phenol 264259-03-2 C12H18FOP
    4-fluoro-2-(diisopropylphosphanyl)phenol
    —— tetrahydro-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-dimethyl-2H-1,3-oxazin-2-one 75208-74-1 C12H15NO3
    tetrahydro-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-dimethyl-2H-1,3-oxazin-2-one
    —— 2-fluoro-3-iodophenol 897957-00-5 C6H4FIO
    2-fluoro-3-iodophenol
    —— 1-Nitroso-5-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-pyrazolidon 24534-99-4 C9H9N3O3
    1-Nitroso-5-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-pyrazolidon
    —— 4-[5-(3-Aminophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol 1430092-78-6 C14H11N3O2S
    4-[5-(3-Aminophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile 1210749-61-3 C8H6ClNO
    5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzenesulfonyl chloride 928196-54-7 C6H4ClNO5S
    2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzenesulfonyl chloride
    —— 4-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 33837-92-2 C11H14O5
    4-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— (5S,13S)-5,13-diphenyl-19-(2-trimethylsilylethynyl)-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxabicyclo[15.3.1]henicosa-1(20),17(21),18-trien-21-ol 864920-04-7 C33H40O6Si
    (5S,13S)-5,13-diphenyl-19-(2-trimethylsilylethynyl)-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxabicyclo[15.3.1]henicosa-1(20),17(21),18-trien-21-ol