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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,5-dihydroxyphenylthianium chloride 28374-64-3 C11H15O2S*Cl
    2,5-dihydroxyphenylthianium chloride
    —— 4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 90684-15-4 C11H13NO
    4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
    —— 1-[(2-Methylphenyl)sulfanylmethyl]piperidine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 6631-91-0 C19H22N4O7S
    1-[(2-Methylphenyl)sulfanylmethyl]piperidine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)thianium bromide 89706-15-0 Br*C11H15O2S
    1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)thianium bromide
    —— 2-Methyl-4-propan-2-yloxybenzene-1,3-diol 1083312-72-4 C10H14O3
    2-Methyl-4-propan-2-yloxybenzene-1,3-diol
    —— (R/S)-3-((S)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-6-methyl-6-phenyl-1,3-oxazinan-2-one 1114064-73-1 C19H21NO3
    (R/S)-3-((S)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-6-methyl-6-phenyl-1,3-oxazinan-2-one
    —— (2,4-difluoro-3-hydroxy-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 1401839-34-6 C12H15F2NO3
    (2,4-difluoro-3-hydroxy-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 4-bromo-3,6-difluoro-2-nitrophenol 1394130-47-2 C6H2BrF2NO3
    4-bromo-3,6-difluoro-2-nitrophenol
    —— 2-chloro-3,4-dimethylphenol 10283-15-5 C8H9ClO
    2-chloro-3,4-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-Allyl-6-methoxy-2-(2,6-dimethyl-morpholinomethyl)-phenol 6972-89-0 C17H25NO3
    4-Allyl-6-methoxy-2-(2,6-dimethyl-morpholinomethyl)-phenol
    —— N,N'-((4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)bis(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxamide) 6950-42-1 C18H14N4O8
    N,N'-((4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)bis(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxamide)
    —— diethyl <2-(4-acetoxyphenoxy)ethyl>phosphonate 89210-98-0 C12H19O5P
    diethyl <2-(4-acetoxyphenoxy)ethyl>phosphonate
    —— 2-Methylnaphthalene; 2,4,6-trinitrophenol 5160-55-4 C17H13N3O7
    2-Methylnaphthalene; 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide 1226777-31-6 C19H18N4O4S2
    2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide
    —— 6-{3-chloro-4-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one 705290-38-6 C19H19ClN2O4
    6-{3-chloro-4-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one
    —— [2-[[(2-Acetyloxy-3,5-dichlorophenyl)methyl-methylamino]methyl]-4,6-dimethylphenyl] acetate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 6964-66-5 C27H26Cl2N4O11
    [2-[[(2-Acetyloxy-3,5-dichlorophenyl)methyl-methylamino]methyl]-4,6-dimethylphenyl] acetate;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— Aziridinium-picrate —— C8H8N4O7
    Aziridinium-picrate
    —— (E)-3-Dimethylamino-1-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-propenone 73220-34-5 C13H17NO4
    (E)-3-Dimethylamino-1-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-propenone
    —— 4-Methoxy-2-tetradecyl-phenol 148665-98-9 C21H36O2
    4-Methoxy-2-tetradecyl-phenol
    —— 2-tetradecyl-hydroquinone 50677-17-3 C20H34O2
    2-tetradecyl-hydroquinone
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5,6-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 357620-51-0 C15H14N2O3S
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5,6-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one
    —— 3-[(5-cyano-1H-indol-3-yl)(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile 1595288-69-9 C26H18N4O2
    3-[(5-cyano-1H-indol-3-yl)(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-oxazolidin-2-one 1059200-23-5 C9H9NO3
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenoxybis(3,5-dimethylanil) 514806-09-8 C25H26N2O
    2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenoxybis(3,5-dimethylanil)
    —— 1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-2-propionyloxy-ethane 22532-57-6 C12H16O3
    1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-2-propionyloxy-ethane
    —— 2-(4-benzyloxy-3-fluoro-phenyl)-ethanol 832754-49-1 C15H15FO2
    2-(4-benzyloxy-3-fluoro-phenyl)-ethanol
    —— 4-(p-hydroxy-α-methylthiobenzylidene)morpholinium iodide 53929-53-6 C12H16NO2S*I
    4-(p-hydroxy-α-methylthiobenzylidene)morpholinium iodide
    —— 1-[(5-Methylfuran-2-yl)methyl]piperidine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7149-68-0 C17H20N4O8
    1-[(5-Methylfuran-2-yl)methyl]piperidine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2-{[Bis-(2-cyano-aethyl)-amino]-methyl}-4-butoxy-phenol 93725-31-6 C17H23N3O2
    2-{[Bis-(2-cyano-aethyl)-amino]-methyl}-4-butoxy-phenol
    —— 6-(ethylaminomethylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 5961-36-4 C9H11NO
    6-(ethylaminomethylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 2-(2-hydroxybenzyl)cyclopentane-1,3-dione 1093126-02-3 C12H12O3
    2-(2-hydroxybenzyl)cyclopentane-1,3-dione
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one 1093646-38-8 C17H16O5
    3-Hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-(3-hydroxybenzyl)cyclopentane-1,3-dione 1093646-39-9 C12H12O3
    2-(3-hydroxybenzyl)cyclopentane-1,3-dione
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one 1093646-40-2 C17H16O5
    3-Hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-pentanon 96358-77-9 C13H18O2
    5-(2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-pentanon
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one 1093646-41-3 C17H16O5
    3-Hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one
    —— 3'-Hydroxy-1,2-benzocyclohepten 4729-27-5 C11H14O
    3'-Hydroxy-1,2-benzocyclohepten
    —— 8-Methyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one;2,4,6-trinitrophenolate 14492-87-6 C14H16N4O8
    8-Methyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one;2,4,6-trinitrophenolate
    —— 2,2'-Dihydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetrabrombenzaldazin 28120-50-5 C14H8Br4N2O2
    2,2'-Dihydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetrabrombenzaldazin
    —— Tropine picrate 6164-68-7 C14H18N4O8
    Tropine picrate
    —— Pyridazine, monopicrate 6164-81-4 C10H7N5O7
    Pyridazine, monopicrate
    —— 3-<4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-4-thiaisochromanon-(1) 7154-89-4 C15H12O4S
    3-<4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-4-thiaisochromanon-(1)
    —— 2-t-butyl-4-[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol 188578-45-2 C19H26O2Si
    2-t-butyl-4-[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol
    —— 2,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(2-propenyl)phenol 359844-31-8 C12H16O4
    2,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(2-propenyl)phenol
    —— ethyl 2-(4,6-bis(4-methoxyphenethoxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio)hexanoate 1231733-96-2 C30H38N2O6S
    ethyl 2-(4,6-bis(4-methoxyphenethoxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio)hexanoate
    —— Ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate 403482-29-1 C15H22O4
    Ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 2-Aminoethanol-pentachlorophenol(1:1) 6829-44-3 C8H8Cl5NO2
    2-Aminoethanol-pentachlorophenol(1:1)
    —— 1,2-bis<bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phosphino>ethane 110391-34-9 C26H24O4P2
    1,2-bis<bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phosphino>ethane
    —— 1-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazine 330446-09-8 C12H11N3O
    1-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazine
    —— 3-methoxy-4-(2,2-dichlorotrifluoroethylthio)phenol 137380-36-0 C9H7Cl2F3O2S
    3-methoxy-4-(2,2-dichlorotrifluoroethylthio)phenol