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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoyl chloride 36852-58-1 C7H4ClNO4
    3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoyl chloride
    —— 3-Hydroxy-N-methoxy-N-methyl-4-nitro-benzamide 909124-60-3 C9H10N2O5
    3-Hydroxy-N-methoxy-N-methyl-4-nitro-benzamide
    —— Triethylhydrochinon 25113-17-1 C12H18O2
    Triethylhydrochinon
    —— 4-(tetrahydropyran-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 1228321-01-4 C11H14O3
    4-(tetrahydropyran-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4,4-diethylcyclohexyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-azetidine-1-carboxylate 1193988-05-4 C23H34N2O5
    4,4-diethylcyclohexyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-azetidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 2-cyclooctylhydroquinone 4197-84-6 C14H20O2
    2-cyclooctylhydroquinone
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-azecane(1:1) 51206-66-7 C15H22N4O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-azecane(1:1)
    —— 2-Ethenyl-1-methylpiperidine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 62101-07-9 C14H18N4O7
    2-Ethenyl-1-methylpiperidine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— N,N-diethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide 1160708-08-6 C16H19NO3S
    N,N-diethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide
    —— 3,9,15,21,27-Pentatert-butyl-32,32-di(propan-2-yl)-31,33-dioxa-32-silaheptacyclo[27.5.1.17,11.113,17.119,23.05,34.025,30]octatriaconta-1,3,5(34),7,9,11(38),13,15,17(37),19(36),20,22,25(30),26,28-pentadecaene-36,37,38-triol 1192283-06-9 C61H82O5Si
    3,9,15,21,27-Pentatert-butyl-32,32-di(propan-2-yl)-31,33-dioxa-32-silaheptacyclo[27.5.1.17,11.113,17.119,23.05,34.025,30]octatriaconta-1,3,5(34),7,9,11(38),13,15,17(37),19(36),20,22,25(30),26,28-pentadecaene-36,37,38-triol
    —— 2-[3-(Oxan-2-yloxy)prop-1-ynyl]-4,5-di(propan-2-yloxy)phenol 1169767-71-8 C20H28O5
    2-[3-(Oxan-2-yloxy)prop-1-ynyl]-4,5-di(propan-2-yloxy)phenol
    —— 2,3-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 69832-55-9 C9H10O5
    2,3-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 4,6-Dimethoxy-3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyd 69832-50-4 C11H14O5
    4,6-Dimethoxy-3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyd
    —— 2,3,5-Trimethoxy-phenol 20660-35-9 C9H12O4
    2,3,5-Trimethoxy-phenol
    —— 3,9,15,21,27-Pentatert-butyl-32,32-diphenyl-31,33-dioxa-32-silaheptacyclo[27.5.1.17,11.113,17.119,23.05,34.025,30]octatriaconta-1,3,5(34),7,9,11(38),13,15,17(37),19(36),20,22,25(30),26,28-pentadecaene-36,37,38-triol 1192283-05-8 C67H78O5Si
    3,9,15,21,27-Pentatert-butyl-32,32-diphenyl-31,33-dioxa-32-silaheptacyclo[27.5.1.17,11.113,17.119,23.05,34.025,30]octatriaconta-1,3,5(34),7,9,11(38),13,15,17(37),19(36),20,22,25(30),26,28-pentadecaene-36,37,38-triol
    —— methyl 2-(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 518979-09-4 C9H9ClO3
    methyl 2-(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 6-{(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-[(S)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-methyl-butyl]-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl}-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl-phenol 717916-71-7 C33H62O6Si2
    6-{(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-[(S)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-methyl-butyl]-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl}-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl-phenol
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(methyl-mercaptomethyl)-phenol 4526-45-8 C10H14OS
    2,6-Dimethyl-4-(methyl-mercaptomethyl)-phenol
    —— 4-(3-chloro-1-methylpropyl)phenol 1072474-71-5 C10H13ClO
    4-(3-chloro-1-methylpropyl)phenol
    —— 3-(dimethylamino)-5-nitrophenol 13831-54-4 C8H10N2O3
    3-(dimethylamino)-5-nitrophenol
    —— o-cresol-diethyl ether complex 53313-49-8 C4H10O*C7H8O
    o-cresol-diethyl ether complex
    —— 5-acetyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylamino)-1-methylpyrrole 94631-56-8 C15H18N2O3
    5-acetyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylamino)-1-methylpyrrole
    —— tetraisopropyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylidene-diphosphonate 501020-08-2 C22H40O9P2
    tetraisopropyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylidene-diphosphonate
    —— 3-nitro-benzoic acid vanillylidenehydrazide 117522-83-5 C15H13N3O5
    3-nitro-benzoic acid vanillylidenehydrazide
    —— 6-chloro-noradrenaline 101996-38-7 C8H10ClNO3
    6-chloro-noradrenaline
    —— (R,R)-1,2-cyclohexylenediamino-di-(R,R)-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)-methylphosphonic acid] 1537890-05-3 C20H28N2O8P2
    (R,R)-1,2-cyclohexylenediamino-di-(R,R)-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)-methylphosphonic acid]
    —— [4-(1-Deuterio-2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl] acetate 1245926-99-1 C10H12O3
    [4-(1-Deuterio-2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl] acetate
    —— 2-Chlor-4,6-dinitro-3-hydroxy-benzaldehyd 1854-60-0 C7H3ClN2O6
    2-Chlor-4,6-dinitro-3-hydroxy-benzaldehyd
    —— ethyl [(3-hydroxybenzyl)thio]acetate 672931-07-6 C11H14O3S
    ethyl [(3-hydroxybenzyl)thio]acetate
    —— 2-Benzyloxy-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methoxy-phenol 852810-65-2 C15H16O4
    2-Benzyloxy-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methoxy-phenol
    —— anti-7,10,15,18-tetrahydroxy<4.2>metacyclophane 143309-59-5 C18H20O4
    anti-7,10,15,18-tetrahydroxy<4.2>metacyclophane
    —— 2-{[(E)-2-Hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-ethylimino]-methyl}-4-nitro-phenol 25458-15-5 C11H14N2O4
    2-{[(E)-2-Hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-ethylimino]-methyl}-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 5-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-valeriansaeure 18238-48-7 C12H16O4
    5-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-valeriansaeure
    —— 5-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenol 1134197-91-3 C8H9NO5S
    5-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 6,15-di-tert-butyl-9,18-dihydroxy[3.3]metacyclophane 70675-15-9 C26H36O2
    6,15-di-tert-butyl-9,18-dihydroxy[3.3]metacyclophane
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethanol(1:1) 32080-61-8 C13H12N4O8
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethanol(1:1)
    —— 3-(3-Chloropropyl)pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 69603-41-4 C14H13ClN4O7
    3-(3-Chloropropyl)pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 5-Bromo-3,4-dimethoxy-2-methyl-phenol 851122-00-4 C9H11BrO3
    5-Bromo-3,4-dimethoxy-2-methyl-phenol
    —— Tris-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-s-trithian 63978-69-8 C21H18O3S3
    Tris-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-s-trithian
    —— sodium [3-hydroxy-5-pentylphenyl]acetate 1254580-24-9 C13H17O3*Na
    sodium [3-hydroxy-5-pentylphenyl]acetate
    —— methyl [3-hydroxy-5-pentylphenyl]acetate 1254580-44-3 C14H20O3
    methyl [3-hydroxy-5-pentylphenyl]acetate
    —— [3-hydroxy-5-pentylphenyl]acetic acid 1254580-45-4 C13H18O3
    [3-hydroxy-5-pentylphenyl]acetic acid
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-2-(2-chloroethyl)pyridine(1:1) 69603-38-9 C13H11ClN4O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-2-(2-chloroethyl)pyridine(1:1)
    —— 3-(1,1-dimethylethyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)methyl-2-fluoro-phenol 960001-12-1 C23H25FO2Si
    3-(1,1-dimethylethyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)methyl-2-fluoro-phenol
    —— 2-Pyridin-4-ylethanethiol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 69603-95-8 C13H12N4O7S
    2-Pyridin-4-ylethanethiol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 3-(1-Oxidopyridin-1-ium-4-yl)propane-1-thiol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 69603-72-1 C14H14N4O8S
    3-(1-Oxidopyridin-1-ium-4-yl)propane-1-thiol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2-(2-Chloroethyl)-5-ethylpyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 69603-37-8 C15H15ClN4O7
    2-(2-Chloroethyl)-5-ethylpyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 3-Pyridin-3-ylpropane-1-thiol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 69603-94-7 C14H14N4O7S
    3-Pyridin-3-ylpropane-1-thiol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 3,5-Dichloro-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenol —— C7H13N2O4Pol
    3,5-Dichloro-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenol
    —— 2-(2-Chloroethyl)-4,6-dimethylpyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 69603-40-3 C15H15ClN4O7
    2-(2-Chloroethyl)-4,6-dimethylpyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol