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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Formaldehyde;4-methyl-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium;phenol 67846-31-5 C13H15NO3
    Formaldehyde;4-methyl-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium;phenol
    —— Azane;formaldehyde;2-methyloxirane;oxirane;phenol 68391-34-4 C12H21NO4
    Azane;formaldehyde;2-methyloxirane;oxirane;phenol
    —— (E)-but-2-enedioic acid;formaldehyde;phenol 68134-45-2 C11H12O6
    (E)-but-2-enedioic acid;formaldehyde;phenol
    —— 4-[(1-Benzyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-ylamino)-methyl]-2-methoxy-phenol 144836-31-7 C22H21N3O2
    4-[(1-Benzyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-ylamino)-methyl]-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;formaldehyde;phenol 67762-62-3 C11H21N3O2
    N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;formaldehyde;phenol
    —— Azane;2-methylphenol;2-methylprop-1-ene 67970-07-4 C11H19NO
    Azane;2-methylphenol;2-methylprop-1-ene
    —— N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;2-nonylphenol —— C19H37N3O
    N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;2-nonylphenol
    —— Phenol--2-methylprop-1-ene (1/1) 67970-11-0 C10H14O
    Phenol--2-methylprop-1-ene (1/1)
    —— 4-Ethenylcyclohexene;formaldehyde;phenol 68299-07-0 C15H20O2
    4-Ethenylcyclohexene;formaldehyde;phenol
    —— 5,17-diallylcalix[4]arene 125065-75-0 C34H32O4
    5,17-diallylcalix[4]arene
    —— Benzene-1,3-diol;ethenyl(triethoxy)silane 68239-98-5 C14H24O5Si
    Benzene-1,3-diol;ethenyl(triethoxy)silane
    —— 4-[(Butylamino)methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 112520-77-1 C13H21NO3
    4-[(Butylamino)methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— Formaldehyde;phenol;phosphoric acid —— C7H11O6P
    Formaldehyde;phenol;phosphoric acid
    —— Aluminum;3-methylphenol;propan-2-olate —— C16H29AlO4
    Aluminum;3-methylphenol;propan-2-olate
    —— [(2R)-2-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylcarbamothioylamino]propyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 1528740-84-2 C28H40N2O4S
    [(2R)-2-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylcarbamothioylamino]propyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— 2,6-bis(dipropylaminomethyl)-4-nitrophenol 121836-25-7 C20H35N3O3
    2,6-bis(dipropylaminomethyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— [(2S)-2-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylcarbamothioylamino]propyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 1351981-79-7 C28H40N2O4S
    [(2S)-2-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylcarbamothioylamino]propyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— 2-allyl-3-benzyloxy-4-methoxyphenol 501368-17-8 C17H18O3
    2-allyl-3-benzyloxy-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-Fluoro-4-methylbenzene-1,2-diol 127685-77-2 C7H7FO2
    3-Fluoro-4-methylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-1,2-dimethoxy-4-oxal-benzol 90844-23-8 C10H10O6
    3-Hydroxy-1,2-dimethoxy-4-oxal-benzol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide 1224583-61-2 C20H17N3OS2
    3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide
    —— 3-chloro-4-[6-(3,5-diethyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-4-yl)-hexyloxy]-phenol 78097-16-2 C19H27ClN2O2
    3-chloro-4-[6-(3,5-diethyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-4-yl)-hexyloxy]-phenol
    —— hydroquinone; clathrate with methanol 1786-31-8 3CH4O*C6H6O2
    hydroquinone; clathrate with methanol
    —— methyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-1,5-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate 878695-57-9 C14H15N5O4
    methyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-1,5-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 1,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-6-oxoverdazyl 1446527-21-4 C20H15N4O3
    1,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-6-oxoverdazyl
    —— (2Z)-9-azabicyclo[6.1.0]non-2-ene;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 16484-15-4 C14H16N4O7
    (2Z)-9-azabicyclo[6.1.0]non-2-ene;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2-Dimethylamino-symm.-m-xylenol 104338-47-8 C10H15NO
    2-Dimethylamino-symm.-m-xylenol
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy mandelic acid 91383-77-6 C9H10O5
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxy mandelic acid
    —— 4-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-1-methyl-2,3-pyrrolidinedione 14646-15-2 C13H13NO4
    4-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-1-methyl-2,3-pyrrolidinedione
    —— (2S,8R,14R,20S)-5-(methoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3(28),4,6,9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21(25),22-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1469921-76-3 C46H60O9
    (2S,8R,14R,20S)-5-(methoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3(28),4,6,9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21(25),22-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— Lopac-M-5391 —— C34H56N2O12
    Lopac-M-5391
    —— (4-Hydroxyphenyl)methanediol 115137-60-5 C7H8O3
    (4-Hydroxyphenyl)methanediol
    —— 2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)thiazolidine 131717-42-5 C9H10BrNOS
    2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)thiazolidine
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-β-nitrobutenyl-benzol 1212-12-0 C11H13NO4
    4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-β-nitrobutenyl-benzol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[(E)-thiophen-2-ylmethylideneamino]benzamide 1415691-89-2 C13H12N2O3S
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[(E)-thiophen-2-ylmethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— Ethyl 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboxylate 91182-07-9 C11H14N2O4
    Ethyl 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboxylate
    —— 4-tert-butyl-2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-5-nitrophenol 1246213-35-3 C14H21NO4
    4-tert-butyl-2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-5-nitrophenol
    —— methyl 2-(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-methylpropanoate 1246213-34-2 C15H21NO5
    methyl 2-(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-methylpropanoate
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylthiazolidine-3-thiocarboxamide 103076-31-9 C11H14N2OS2
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylthiazolidine-3-thiocarboxamide
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenethylcyclobutanone 953792-77-3 C19H20O3
    3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenethylcyclobutanone
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-isopropylcyclobutanone 953792-79-5 C13H16O2
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-isopropylcyclobutanone
    —— (E)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde [2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]hydrazone 1234475-42-3 C16H13Cl2F3N2O3
    (E)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde [2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]hydrazone
    —— Phenylephrine(1+) —— C9H14NO2+
    Phenylephrine(1+)
    —— 5-[C-methyl-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)carbonimidoyl]benzene-1,3-diol 89408-18-4 C11H11N3O2S
    5-[C-methyl-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)carbonimidoyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 8-chloro-2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoxathiin 88062-58-2 C9H9ClO2S
    8-chloro-2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoxathiin
    —— 4-Thiazolidinone, 5-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)-3-(((4-nitrophenyl)amino)methyl)-2-thioxo- 89752-56-7 C18H15N3O5S2
    4-Thiazolidinone, 5-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)-3-(((4-nitrophenyl)amino)methyl)-2-thioxo-
    —— 3-thiazolidin-2-yl-phenol 67086-86-6 C9H11NOS
    3-thiazolidin-2-yl-phenol
    —— 1-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-<1-(triisopropylsilyl)pyrrol-3-yl>butane 158555-56-7 C25H41NOSi
    1-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-<1-(triisopropylsilyl)pyrrol-3-yl>butane
    —— 5-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one 101600-73-1 C17H13NO2S2
    5-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[[1-(2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propylamino)-methyl]-4-methyl-phenol 1025367-00-3 C20H29N7O
    2-[[1-(2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propylamino)-methyl]-4-methyl-phenol