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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (E)-4-[2-(((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)sulfonyl)vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol 1609007-95-5 C15H13ClO4S
    (E)-4-[2-(((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)sulfonyl)vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (E)-2,6-Dimethoxy4-hydroxystyryl-4-methoxybenzylsulfone 334969-37-8 C18H20O6S
    (E)-2,6-Dimethoxy4-hydroxystyryl-4-methoxybenzylsulfone
    —— tert-butyl N-[2-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamate 511257-07-1 C14H20BrNO4
    tert-butyl N-[2-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamate
    —— [3-OC(2)H3]-5-hydroxyvanillin 934634-10-3 C8H8O4
    [3-OC(2)H3]-5-hydroxyvanillin
    —— 2-(<(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)imino>methyl)phenol 67492-08-4 C15H15NO2
    2-(<(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)imino>methyl)phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[2H3]methoxyphenol 1185310-16-0 C7H7BrO2
    4-bromo-2-[2H3]methoxyphenol
    —— 4,4'-(5,5'-methylenebis(1,3,4-oxadiazole-5,2-diyl))diphenol 1314026-87-3 C17H12N4O4
    4,4'-(5,5'-methylenebis(1,3,4-oxadiazole-5,2-diyl))diphenol
    —— 4-Triphenylgermylphenol 1261245-93-5 C24H20GeO
    4-Triphenylgermylphenol
    —— 4,4'-(1E,1'E)-(2 ,2'-(1H-pyrazole-3,5-diyl)bis(hydrazin-2-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)diphenol 1262323-97-6 C17H16N6O2
    4,4'-(1E,1'E)-(2 ,2'-(1H-pyrazole-3,5-diyl)bis(hydrazin-2-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)diphenol
    —— 3-[(4-bromophenyl)ethynyl]-1,2-benzenediol 934330-97-9 C14H9BrO2
    3-[(4-bromophenyl)ethynyl]-1,2-benzenediol
    —— 4-(((4-hydroxybenzyl)amino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1393660-51-9 C15H17NO3
    4-(((4-hydroxybenzyl)amino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-cyclohex-2-enone 253198-03-7 C12H12O2
    3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-cyclohex-2-enone
    —— benzyl 7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,7-dihydrotetrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine-6-carboxylate 838814-50-9 C20H19N5O4
    benzyl 7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,7-dihydrotetrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 3-iodo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 155560-24-0 C8H7IO3
    3-iodo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— (E)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)indolin-2-one 1148118-94-8 C16H13NO3
    (E)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)indolin-2-one
    —— (5-Hydroxy-4-oxo-1,2,3,8b-tetrahydrobiphenylen-4a-yl) acetate 126538-65-6 C14H14O4
    (5-Hydroxy-4-oxo-1,2,3,8b-tetrahydrobiphenylen-4a-yl) acetate
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-phenyl-1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one 1392280-15-7 C23H19N3O3
    4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-phenyl-1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one
    —— (3-Hydroxy-13-oxo-1-tricyclo[6.5.0.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,5-trienyl) acetate 126538-66-7 C15H16O4
    (3-Hydroxy-13-oxo-1-tricyclo[6.5.0.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,5-trienyl) acetate
    —— erythro-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-propanediol acetonide —— C20H24O6
    erythro-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-propanediol acetonide
    —— (Z)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-β-(2-methoxyphenoxy)styrene 37791-75-6 C16H16O4
    (Z)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-β-(2-methoxyphenoxy)styrene
    —— 2,4-diethoxy-3-methylphenol 162976-09-2 C11H16O3
    2,4-diethoxy-3-methylphenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-[2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]phenol 29340-51-0 C16H18O4
    2-Methoxy-4-[2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol 38732-62-6 C15H16O5
    2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— 6-bromo-2,4-diethoxy-3-methylphenol 1061630-50-9 C11H15BrO3
    6-bromo-2,4-diethoxy-3-methylphenol
    —— 2-[[(2-phenylethyl)imino]methyl]phenol 49792-36-1 C15H15NO
    2-[[(2-phenylethyl)imino]methyl]phenol
    —— 2,6-Didodecyl-hydrochinon 52066-84-9 C30H54O2
    2,6-Didodecyl-hydrochinon
    —— Oletimol 5879-67-4 C15H15NO
    Oletimol
    —— 2,5-dihydroxyphenylboronic acid 1238196-68-3 C6H7BO4
    2,5-dihydroxyphenylboronic acid
    —— 2-Chlor-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyd 89938-55-6 C8H7ClO3
    2-Chlor-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyd
    —— Diethyl 2-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]propanedioate 155943-50-3 C16H22O6
    Diethyl 2-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]propanedioate
    —— 4-(1-bromoethyl)-2-methoxyphenol 129664-83-1 C9H11BrO2
    4-(1-bromoethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 6-chloroprotocatechualdehyde 37686-56-9 C7H5ClO3
    6-chloroprotocatechualdehyde
    —— 5-[(1R,2R)-2-amino-1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-triethylsilyloxypropyl]-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenol 1092106-55-2 C24H47NO5Si2
    5-[(1R,2R)-2-amino-1-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-triethylsilyloxypropyl]-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenol
    —— 2-(3-ethyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-phenol 70423-63-1 C11H11NO2
    2-(3-ethyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-phenol
    —— 4-Bromo-5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-2-methoxyphenol 100200-95-1 C10H14BrNO2
    4-Bromo-5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-((E/Z)-2-methyl-but-1-enyl)-phenol 10277-95-9 C11H14O
    2-((E/Z)-2-methyl-but-1-enyl)-phenol
    —— (E)-3-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidin-2-one 7345-80-4 C11H11NO2
    (E)-3-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidin-2-one
    —— 3-Phenyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazoyl-<p-hydroxy-m-methoxy-benzylidenhydrazid> 18336-84-0 C19H17N3O4
    3-Phenyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazoyl-<p-hydroxy-m-methoxy-benzylidenhydrazid>
    —— 2,2'-bis-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,2-ethanediyldiamino-di-acetonitrile 76935-25-6 C18H18N4O2
    2,2'-bis-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,2-ethanediyldiamino-di-acetonitrile
    —— methyl 3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)phenyl)propanoate 1193822-99-9 C19H20N2O4
    methyl 3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)phenyl)propanoate
    —— (2S)-N-(2-amino-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxaldehyde diethyl thioacetal 147778-98-1 C17H26N2O3S2
    (2S)-N-(2-amino-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxaldehyde diethyl thioacetal
    —— 5-(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione 1026685-64-2 C14H16O6
    5-(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione
    —— 2-(1-Deuterio-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl)phenol 1000781-29-2 C10H12O2
    2-(1-Deuterio-1-hydroxybut-3-enyl)phenol
    —— 3-(2-Aminoethylsulfanyl)-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol 91401-29-5 C9H13NO2S
    3-(2-Aminoethylsulfanyl)-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-(thiazolidin-2-yl)phenol 156781-04-3 C10H13NO2S
    2-methoxy-5-(thiazolidin-2-yl)phenol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-<2,6-dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl)phenoxy>propane 89706-47-8 C22H28O6
    1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-<2,6-dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl)phenoxy>propane
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3,6-dimethylbenzenemethanol 863705-23-1 C10H14O3
    2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3,6-dimethylbenzenemethanol
    —— 2-[t-butyl(phenyl)phosphanyl]phenol 185509-27-7 C16H19OP
    2-[t-butyl(phenyl)phosphanyl]phenol
    —— 2-tert-butylphenylphosphanyl-4-methylphenol 185509-28-8 C17H21OP
    2-tert-butylphenylphosphanyl-4-methylphenol
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-one 854467-89-3 C11H14O3
    4-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-one