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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[[(2,6-Dimethyl-5-prop-2-enylpyrimidin-4-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol 98189-72-1 C16H18N4O
    2-[[(2,6-Dimethyl-5-prop-2-enylpyrimidin-4-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-[4-[(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)methoxy]phenyl]ethyl methanesulfonate 188928-10-1 C16H16Cl2O4S
    2-[4-[(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)methoxy]phenyl]ethyl methanesulfonate
    —— 2-[1-(Tert-butylamino)ethyl]phenol 128307-91-5 C12H19NO
    2-[1-(Tert-butylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-(4-phenyl-4-n-propyl-4-silacyclohexyl)phenol 177787-21-2 C20H26OSi
    4-(4-phenyl-4-n-propyl-4-silacyclohexyl)phenol
    —— 2-[1-(Ethylamino)ethyl]phenol 128307-89-1 C10H15NO
    2-[1-(Ethylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— (Z)-5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-((furan-2-yl)methyl)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one 13788-24-4 C15H11NO3S2
    (Z)-5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-((furan-2-yl)methyl)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one
    —— (E)-9-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)non-3-en-8-yn-2-one 1356471-34-5 C16H18O3
    (E)-9-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)non-3-en-8-yn-2-one
    —— ethyl (E)-8-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)oct-2-en-7-ynoate 1356471-33-4 C17H20O4
    ethyl (E)-8-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)oct-2-en-7-ynoate
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(5-((2-nitrobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol 1391739-48-2 C16H13N3O5S
    2-methoxy-4-(5-((2-nitrobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-(5-((3-chlorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1391739-53-9 C16H13ClN2O3S
    4-(5-((3-chlorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(5-((2,6-difluorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1398647-66-9 C16H12F2N2O3S
    4-(5-((2,6-difluorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(5-((2-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1391739-50-6 C16H13FN2O3S
    4-(5-((2-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(5-((3-methoxybenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol 1391739-59-5 C17H16N2O4S
    2-methoxy-4-(5-((3-methoxybenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-(5-(benzylthio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1391739-58-4 C16H14N2O3S
    4-(5-(benzylthio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-hexyl-2,6-dinitro-phenol 4467-91-8 C12H16N2O5
    4-hexyl-2,6-dinitro-phenol
    —— (C6H5)3SnC6H4-m-OH 115985-13-2 C24H20OSn
    (C6H5)3SnC6H4-m-OH
    —— NN-diethyl-2-hydroxythiobenzamide 2032-38-4 C11H15NOS
    NN-diethyl-2-hydroxythiobenzamide
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-phenol 90922-56-8 C10H11NO3
    2,6-Dimethyl-4-(2-nitro-vinyl)-phenol
    —— 1-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidino-2-pentyn-4-ol 364749-06-4 C17H23NO2
    1-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidino-2-pentyn-4-ol
    —— 4-[imidazol-1-ylcarbonyl(methyl)aminomethyl]-3,5-dimethoxyphenol 879896-35-2 C14H17N3O4
    4-[imidazol-1-ylcarbonyl(methyl)aminomethyl]-3,5-dimethoxyphenol
    —— (E)-2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystyryl-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylsulfone 1005494-44-9 C18H20O7S
    (E)-2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystyryl-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylsulfone
    —— 4-methoxy-2,6-bis-(diethylaminomethyl)-phenol 121118-44-3 C17H30N2O2
    4-methoxy-2,6-bis-(diethylaminomethyl)-phenol
    —— L-(S)-3-[1-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol hydrochloride 923035-09-0 C9H13NO*ClH
    L-(S)-3-[1-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol hydrochloride
    —— (S)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-N-((S)-1-phenylethyl)ethanaminium methyl sulfate 1412902-85-2 CH3O4S*C18H24NO
    (S)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-N-((S)-1-phenylethyl)ethanaminium methyl sulfate
    —— 5-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-pentanone 123973-92-2 C12H16O3
    5-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-pentanone
    —— 2-Allyloxy-4-methoxyphenol 71186-61-3 C10H12O3
    2-Allyloxy-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-phenol 107777-40-2 C14H14O3
    2-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 3-benzyloxy-2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde 258289-39-3 C16H16O4
    3-benzyloxy-2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde
    —— 1,3-Bis(2-hydroxy-3-nitro-5-methylphenyl)tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinone 107913-50-8 C18H18N4O7
    1,3-Bis(2-hydroxy-3-nitro-5-methylphenyl)tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinone
    —— 2,6-bis((diethylamino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol 61150-99-0 C16H27N3O3
    2,6-bis((diethylamino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 4-[1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]phenol 251990-49-5 C10H12O2
    4-[1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]phenol
    —— 4-[1-[2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethoxymethyl]cyclopropyl]phenol 251996-74-4 C16H24O4
    4-[1-[2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethoxymethyl]cyclopropyl]phenol
    —— 2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone ethylene hemithioketal 136257-99-3 C10H12O3S
    2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone ethylene hemithioketal
    —— 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate —— C8H7O3-
    4-Hydroxyphenylacetate
    —— perfluoro[2.2]paracyclophan-4-ol 1174631-60-7 C16HF15O
    perfluoro[2.2]paracyclophan-4-ol
    —— tert-butyl ethyl(4-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate 1228944-11-3 C14H21NO3
    tert-butyl ethyl(4-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate
    —— 5-hydroxy-2-phenoxidothianium zwitterion 123192-58-5 C11H14O2S
    5-hydroxy-2-phenoxidothianium zwitterion
    —— 2-[4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxocyclohexen-1-yl)phenyl]acetic acid 63476-45-9 C14H14O4
    2-[4-Hydroxy-3-(3-oxocyclohexen-1-yl)phenyl]acetic acid
    —— 1,1'-ethane-1,2-diylbis[3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione] 1383105-69-8 C24H24N2O8
    1,1'-ethane-1,2-diylbis[3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione]
    —— (E)-4-fluoro-2-(3-methylhepta-2,6-dien-1-yl)phenol 1417913-03-1 C14H17FO
    (E)-4-fluoro-2-(3-methylhepta-2,6-dien-1-yl)phenol
    —— (2E,2'E)-1,1'-[4,6-dihydroxy-1,3-phenylene]bis(3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one) 1357167-65-7 C22H18O4S2
    (2E,2'E)-1,1'-[4,6-dihydroxy-1,3-phenylene]bis(3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one)
    —— tert-butyl[3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methoxypyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]thiazol-7-yl]carbamate 1190854-87-5 C19H23N3O6S
    tert-butyl[3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methoxypyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]thiazol-7-yl]carbamate
    —— hydroquinone; compound with hydrocyanic acid 18879-08-8 CHN*3C6H6O2
    hydroquinone; compound with hydrocyanic acid
    —— 5,6-Dibrom-o-vanillylalkohol 35090-66-5 C8H8Br2O3
    5,6-Dibrom-o-vanillylalkohol
    —— Phenol, 2-[[(4-methylphenyl)imino]methyl]-6-nitro- 65550-52-9 C14H12N2O3
    Phenol, 2-[[(4-methylphenyl)imino]methyl]-6-nitro-
    —— 2,6-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl-4-(2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy)-phenol 7019-88-7 C21H35NO4
    2,6-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl-4-(2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy)-phenol
    —— 4-ethoxy-2-methoxyphenol 99892-86-1 C9H12O3
    4-ethoxy-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 1,2,5-trihydroxy-4-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-ynyl)benzene 879898-75-6 C11H10O3
    1,2,5-trihydroxy-4-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-ynyl)benzene
    —— ethyl 4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate 5236-71-5 C14H15N3O5S
    ethyl 4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 2,5-dihydroxy-4-iodobenzaldehyde 879898-76-7 C7H5IO3
    2,5-dihydroxy-4-iodobenzaldehyde