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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-nitro-2-(thiomorpholin-1-ylmethyl)phenol 887330-74-7 C11H14N2O3S
    4-nitro-2-(thiomorpholin-1-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— 5,11,17,23-tetrakis[(N,N-dicyclohexylamino)methyl]-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene 1258844-88-0 C80H116N4O4
    5,11,17,23-tetrakis[(N,N-dicyclohexylamino)methyl]-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene
    —— N-t-butoxycarbonyl-3-hydroxybenzamidine 210962-28-0 C12H16N2O3
    N-t-butoxycarbonyl-3-hydroxybenzamidine
    —— (E)-2-hydroxy-6-[2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethenyl)nitrobenzene 474744-90-6 C13H10N2O3
    (E)-2-hydroxy-6-[2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethenyl)nitrobenzene
    —— 4-[[6-Cyclohexyl-5-(methoxymethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methyl]-2-fluoro-3,5-dimethylphenol 1253220-06-2 C22H28FNO3
    4-[[6-Cyclohexyl-5-(methoxymethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methyl]-2-fluoro-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 2,4-dichloro-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-toluene 96682-22-3 C8H8Cl2O2
    2,4-dichloro-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-toluene
    —— 5-[[6-[4-Chloro-3-(hydroxymethyl)anilino]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-2-methoxyphenol 892414-17-4 C18H17ClN4O3
    5-[[6-[4-Chloro-3-(hydroxymethyl)anilino]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-((E)-(S)-2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-vinyl)-phenol —— C13H17NO2
    2-Methoxy-4-((E)-(S)-2-pyrrolidin-2-yl-vinyl)-phenol
    —— N-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]nonanamide 1391847-96-3 C18H29NO3
    N-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]nonanamide
    —— N-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]decanamide 1391847-97-4 C19H31NO3
    N-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]decanamide
    —— (2E,2'E)-1,1'-(5,5'-(piperazine-1,4-diylbis(methylene))bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5,1-phenylene))bis(3-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one) 1369787-06-3 C36H36N4O6
    (2E,2'E)-1,1'-(5,5'-(piperazine-1,4-diylbis(methylene))bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5,1-phenylene))bis(3-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one)
    —— (2E,2'E)-1,1'-(5,5'-(piperazine-1,4-diylbis(methylene))bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5,1-phenylene))bis(3-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one) 1369787-04-1 C36H36N4O6
    (2E,2'E)-1,1'-(5,5'-(piperazine-1,4-diylbis(methylene))bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5,1-phenylene))bis(3-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one)
    —— (2E,2'E)-1,1'-(5,5'-(Piperazine-1,4-diylbis(methylene))bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5,1-phenylene))bis(3-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one) 1369787-30-3 C34H34N2O6S2
    (2E,2'E)-1,1'-(5,5'-(Piperazine-1,4-diylbis(methylene))bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5,1-phenylene))bis(3-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one)
    —— (2E,2'E)-1,1'-(5,5'-(Piperazine-1,4-diylbis(methylene))bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5,1-phenylene))bis(3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one) 1369787-26-7 C34H34N2O8
    (2E,2'E)-1,1'-(5,5'-(Piperazine-1,4-diylbis(methylene))bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5,1-phenylene))bis(3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one)
    —— 2-[[4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoacetic acid 74604-72-1 C12H10N2O5S
    2-[[4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoacetic acid
    —— (R)-Norruspolin 132340-25-1 C13H17NO2
    (R)-Norruspolin
    —— SPH3MA 103392-24-1 C10H13N3O3
    SPH3MA
    —— 2-Amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 914202-60-1 C14H15NO4S
    2-Amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— (R)-N-((R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide 1021491-08-6 C13H21NO3S
    (R)-N-((R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane 1046799-63-6 C11H14O4
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane
    —— Phosphonic acid, (6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)hexyl)-, diethyl ester 89210-98-0 C16H27O5P
    Phosphonic acid, (6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)hexyl)-, diethyl ester
    —— 3-(2,2-dimethoxypropyl)-2-fluoro-4-nitrophenol 1210828-40-2 C11H14FNO5
    3-(2,2-dimethoxypropyl)-2-fluoro-4-nitrophenol
    —— 1-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-methoxymethoxypropane 886989-20-4 C13H20O4
    1-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-methoxymethoxypropane
    —— 2-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxypropyl)-4-methoxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde 886989-18-0 C12H16O4
    2-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxypropyl)-4-methoxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde
    —— 1-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-propanol 886989-19-1 C11H16O3
    1-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-propanol
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-5-(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate 5824-50-0 C24H20BrN3O6S2
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-5-(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pentene 28749-99-7 C11H14O
    5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pentene
    —— 5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(but-3-ynoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1094618-96-8 C64H80O12
    5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(but-3-ynoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— α-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid ethyl ester 88975-43-3 C11H14O3
    α-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid ethyl ester
    —— 5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(but-3-enoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1094618-92-4 C64H88O12
    5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(but-3-enoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 4-isopentyl-2,6-dinitro-phenol 4097-51-2 C11H14N2O5
    4-isopentyl-2,6-dinitro-phenol
    —— Sodium 2-amino-4-nitro-6-sulfophenolate 74525-32-9 C6H5N2O6S*Na
    Sodium 2-amino-4-nitro-6-sulfophenolate
    —— N-Chloracetyl-1-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-aethylamin 53389-75-6 C10H12ClNO2
    N-Chloracetyl-1-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-aethylamin
    —— 2-(6-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)acetaldehyde 1443526-57-5 C9H9BrO3
    2-(6-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)acetaldehyde
    —— 6-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)benzaldehyde 1315341-21-9 C13H16BrNO4
    6-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)benzaldehyde
    —— 3-[[6-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-benzenemethanol 892413-86-4 C18H18N4O3
    3-[[6-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-benzenemethanol
    —— 3-phenyl-2-thioxo-5-vanillylidene-thiazolidin-4-one 110676-40-9 C17H13NO3S2
    3-phenyl-2-thioxo-5-vanillylidene-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[4-[(2,4-dichloroanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol 1179820-93-9 C29H25Cl2N3O3
    2-[4-[(2,4-dichloroanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[4-[(4-bromoanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol 1179820-94-0 C29H26BrN3O3
    2-[4-[(4-bromoanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[4-[(2-chloroanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol 1179820-91-7 C29H26ClN3O3
    2-[4-[(2-chloroanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-methoxy-3-<(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)methyl>phenol 120130-12-3 C14H15NO3
    4-methoxy-3-<(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)methyl>phenol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3-methoxypropan-2-ol 124933-24-0 C10H14O4
    1-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3-methoxypropan-2-ol
    —— (E)-2-(3-methylhepta-2,6-dien-1-yl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenol 1417913-02-0 C15H17F3O2
    (E)-2-(3-methylhepta-2,6-dien-1-yl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethoxy)-N,N-dimethylbenzylamine 704884-79-7 C10H12F3NO2
    2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethoxy)-N,N-dimethylbenzylamine
    —— 3-(2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethylpropanol 403857-06-7 C13H20O4
    3-(2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethylpropanol
    —— 4-[hydroxy-(5-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-methyl]phenol 548770-97-4 C13H13NO2
    4-[hydroxy-(5-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-methyl]phenol
    —— 5-heptadecatri-8(Z),11(Z),14(Z)-enylresorcinol 83173-23-3 C23H34O2
    5-heptadecatri-8(Z),11(Z),14(Z)-enylresorcinol
    —— (E)-2'-bromo-5'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone O-4-nitrobenzyl oxime 1072709-08-0 C16H15BrN2O5
    (E)-2'-bromo-5'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone O-4-nitrobenzyl oxime
    —— E-gomphidic acid 25328-77-2 C18H12O9
    E-gomphidic acid
    —— 5-Heptyl-2-methyl-benzene-1,3-diol 251361-22-5 C14H22O2
    5-Heptyl-2-methyl-benzene-1,3-diol