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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-phenol 98034-08-3 C10H11NO2
    4-(5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-piperazin-1-ylethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1375058-97-1 C15H21N3O2S
    2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-piperazin-1-ylethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-methoxy-salicylidene-glycine 51094-54-3 C10H11NO4
    3-methoxy-salicylidene-glycine
    —— α-(2-Hydroxy-benzyl)-γ-butyrolacton 92016-97-2 C11H12O3
    α-(2-Hydroxy-benzyl)-γ-butyrolacton
    —— 3-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one 74255-06-4 C12H13NO2
    3-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one
    —— α-(2'-hydroxybenzylidene)-γ-butyrolactone 4736-29-2 C11H10O3
    α-(2'-hydroxybenzylidene)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (S)-tert-butyl 4-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine-3-carboxylate 1423720-72-2 C18H27NO6
    (S)-tert-butyl 4-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine-3-carboxylate
    —— (+/-)-2-ethoxy-3-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester 475481-86-8 C14H20O4
    (+/-)-2-ethoxy-3-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester
    —— 4-nonadecylphenol 105281-81-0 C25H44O
    4-nonadecylphenol
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-12-phenyldodecane 106484-86-0 C25H36O2
    1-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-12-phenyldodecane
    —— anion of resorcinol 20217-24-7 C6H5O2
    anion of resorcinol
    —— 2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl dimethylcarbamate 1631050-46-8 C10H13NO3
    2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl dimethylcarbamate
    —— 4-[(4S)-4-methylhexoxy]phenol 95880-50-5 C13H20O2
    4-[(4S)-4-methylhexoxy]phenol
    —— 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-5H-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-4-one 892871-53-3 C19H13ClN2O3S
    2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-5H-thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-4-one
    —— (E)-2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrostyryl 4-fluorobenzyl sulfone 334969-25-4 C15H11FN2O7S
    (E)-2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrostyryl 4-fluorobenzyl sulfone
    —— Dimethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate 105572-51-8 C17H18N2O7
    Dimethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
    —— 4-[2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxofuran-3-carbonitrile 125208-30-2 C16H15NO4
    4-[2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxofuran-3-carbonitrile
    —— methyl 4-hydroxyphenylphosphinate 146406-43-1 C7H9O3P
    methyl 4-hydroxyphenylphosphinate
    —— 3-hydroxy-6-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-pyran-2,5-dione 41744-33-6 C18H12O7
    3-hydroxy-6-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-pyran-2,5-dione
    —— 5-allyl-3-(benzyloxy)benzene-1,2-diol 1146966-11-1 C16H16O3
    5-allyl-3-(benzyloxy)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— tris(2-hydroxyphenyl)(methyl)silane 1010689-17-4 C19H18O3Si
    tris(2-hydroxyphenyl)(methyl)silane
    —— (2R,3R)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-methoxy-2-methyl-3-[(2S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]propanamide;hydrobromide 1307229-21-5 BrH*C17H26N2O3
    (2R,3R)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-methoxy-2-methyl-3-[(2S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]propanamide;hydrobromide
    —— 2,4-Dibromo-6-[(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)iminomethyl]phenol 77203-56-6 C16H10Br2N2OS
    2,4-Dibromo-6-[(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxane 176659-11-3 C13H18O4
    5,5-dimethyl-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxane
    —— p-hydroxy-m-methoxybenzylidene-2-amino-4-phenylthiazole 13243-77-1 C17H14N2O2S
    p-hydroxy-m-methoxybenzylidene-2-amino-4-phenylthiazole
    —— 5-benzyloxy-2-hydroxyacetophenone ethoxycarbonylhydrazone 1384938-80-0 C18H20N2O4
    5-benzyloxy-2-hydroxyacetophenone ethoxycarbonylhydrazone
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxane 199985-10-9 C13H17NO5
    2-(3-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxane
    —— 4-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)phenol 61683-81-6 C12H16O3
    4-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-methyl-2-<3-(3'-methoxy-2'-hydroxy)phenyl>-pentyloxirane 118090-87-2 C13H18O3
    2-methyl-2-<3-(3'-methoxy-2'-hydroxy)phenyl>-pentyloxirane
    —— 5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-pentanone 123973-93-3 C12H16O3
    5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-pentanone
    —— 3-methoxy-2-hydroxy-α-methylstyrene 87307-81-1 C10H12O2
    3-methoxy-2-hydroxy-α-methylstyrene
    —— 2-benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenol 122450-20-8 C14H14O3
    2-benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 4,4'-(isoxazol-3,5-diyl)diphenol 22439-73-2 C15H11NO3
    4,4'-(isoxazol-3,5-diyl)diphenol
    —— (E)-3,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl )-4-(non-1-en-1-yl)isoxazole  1400414-26-7 C24H27NO3
    (E)-3,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl )-4-(non-1-en-1-yl)isoxazole 
    —— (E)-4-(3,3-dimethyl-but-1-E-en-1-yl)-3,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl )isoxazole 1400414-32-5 C21H21NO3
    (E)-4-(3,3-dimethyl-but-1-E-en-1-yl)-3,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl )isoxazole
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-methyl-4-propan-2-yl-phenol 1083004-16-3 C11H16O2
    2-Methoxy-6-methyl-4-propan-2-yl-phenol
    —— (E)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-d3-benzyl)-8-methylnon-6-enamide 1217899-52-9 C18H27NO3
    (E)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-d3-benzyl)-8-methylnon-6-enamide
    —— 4-methoxy-2-[6-hydroxy-E-1-hexenyl]phenol 252233-97-9 C13H18O3
    4-methoxy-2-[6-hydroxy-E-1-hexenyl]phenol
    —— 3-benzyloxy-2-methoxyphenol 1072844-44-0 C14H14O3
    3-benzyloxy-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-fluoro-6-((methylamino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol 1508296-29-4 C8H9FN2O3
    2-fluoro-6-((methylamino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylacetic acid methyl ester 155388-58-2 C9H9NO5
    2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylacetic acid methyl ester
    —— methyl 2-(3-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 628331-74-8 C9H9BrO3
    methyl 2-(3-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 4-methoxy-2-(methoxyethoxy)methoxyphenol 881027-28-7 C11H16O5
    4-methoxy-2-(methoxyethoxy)methoxyphenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino]methylphenol 1153622-49-1 C11H11ClN2O2
    4-chloro-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino]methylphenol
    —— (S)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-nitroethyl)phenol 1268725-97-8 C8H9NO4
    (S)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-nitroethyl)phenol
    —— tert-butyl 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)acrylate 1351365-26-8 C15H18O5
    tert-butyl 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)acrylate
    —— {(1-4-η)-5-(2-amino-6-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3,4-dimethylphenyl)cyclohexa-1,3-diene}tricarbonyliron 125937-42-0 C18H19FeNO5
    {(1-4-η)-5-(2-amino-6-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3,4-dimethylphenyl)cyclohexa-1,3-diene}tricarbonyliron
    —— 5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(3-hydroxypropoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1274936-97-8 C60H88O16
    5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(3-hydroxypropoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropyl cyclopropyl ketone 219521-18-3 C13H14O2
    2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropyl cyclopropyl ketone
    —— 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propyl acetate 1390634-11-3 C11H14O4
    3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propyl acetate