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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-Nitro-2-{(E)-3-[(E)-4-nitro-phenylimino]-propenyl}-phenol 72516-99-5 C15H11N3O5
    4-Nitro-2-{(E)-3-[(E)-4-nitro-phenylimino]-propenyl}-phenol
    —— methanesulfonic acid 2-{3,4-bis-[2-(3,4-didodecyloxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl}ethyl ester 1352994-13-8 C73H124O9S
    methanesulfonic acid 2-{3,4-bis-[2-(3,4-didodecyloxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenyl}ethyl ester
    —— Phenol, 4-bromo-3-ethyl-5-fluoro- 1804897-33-3 C8H8BrFO
    Phenol, 4-bromo-3-ethyl-5-fluoro-
    —— 6-Hydroxy-2-iodo-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde 71255-04-4 C8H7IO3
    6-Hydroxy-2-iodo-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde
    —— 2-chloro-6-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-4-methoxyphenol 175907-64-9 C10H14ClNO2
    2-chloro-6-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— [3-(2-chloro-3,6-difluoro-benzyloxy)-5-hydroxy-pyridin-2-yl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 756520-58-8 C17H17ClF2N2O4
    [3-(2-chloro-3,6-difluoro-benzyloxy)-5-hydroxy-pyridin-2-yl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— (2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-dibutyl-sulfonium-chlorid 18232-12-7 C14H23O2S*Cl
    (2,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-dibutyl-sulfonium-chlorid
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)propanenitrile 1426943-28-3 C9H8INO
    3-(2-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)propanenitrile
    —— 2,3,4,5-tetrakis(4-monohydroxyphenyl)thiophene 107386-97-0 C28H20O4S
    2,3,4,5-tetrakis(4-monohydroxyphenyl)thiophene
    —— 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1392140-18-9 C15H14N2O2S
    2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-nitrospiro[benzimidazole-2,1'-cyclohexan]-4-ol 1-oxide 1373439-37-2 C12H13N3O4
    5-nitrospiro[benzimidazole-2,1'-cyclohexan]-4-ol 1-oxide
    —— 2-<1'-(2"-hydroxy-3"-methoxyphenyl)cyclohex-2'-en-1'-yl>-ethanol 142389-29-5 C15H20O3
    2-<1'-(2"-hydroxy-3"-methoxyphenyl)cyclohex-2'-en-1'-yl>-ethanol
    —— 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[(4-N-methylaminophenyldimethylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230388-76-7 C19H27NOSSi
    2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[(4-N-methylaminophenyldimethylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyde 1399049-46-7 C8H7BrO3
    4-bromo-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-hexyloxy-phenol 75169-13-0 C20H34O2
    2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-hexyloxy-phenol
    —— 2-(4,5-dimethylhex-4-enyl)phenol 1221426-19-2 C14H20O
    2-(4,5-dimethylhex-4-enyl)phenol
    —— 144847-04-1 C19H17N2OPSe
    —— <2-Brom-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl>-essigsaeure-hydrazid 4112-66-7 C9H11BrN2O3
    <2-Brom-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl>-essigsaeure-hydrazid
    —— 2,4-dibromo-6-(2,2-dibromovinyl)phenol 1336808-59-3 C8H4Br4O
    2,4-dibromo-6-(2,2-dibromovinyl)phenol
    —— 2-[3,4-bis(hexyloxy)phenyl]ethanol 393104-97-7 C20H34O3
    2-[3,4-bis(hexyloxy)phenyl]ethanol
    —— trans-N-(2',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)pyridinium chloride 1246287-40-0 C18H15N2O2*Cl
    trans-N-(2',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)pyridinium chloride
    —— 2-<(4-dimethoxyphosphinyl)-3-oxobutyl>-4-methylphenol 154596-79-9 C13H19O5P
    2-<(4-dimethoxyphosphinyl)-3-oxobutyl>-4-methylphenol
    —— N-<3-Benzyl-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-yliden>-N'-(2-hydroxybenzyliden)-hydrazin 7701-24-8 C17H15N3O2S
    N-<3-Benzyl-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-yliden>-N'-(2-hydroxybenzyliden)-hydrazin
    —— 4-Chloro-2-nitro-6-(5-phenyl-1,2-oxazolidin-3-ylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 918962-11-5 C15H11ClN2O4
    4-Chloro-2-nitro-6-(5-phenyl-1,2-oxazolidin-3-ylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 960039-56-9 C26H26N4O10
    —— 2,6,10-trihydroxy-3,7,11-tris(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-nonafluoroheptyloxy)triphenylene 1643156-68-6 C39H27F27O6
    2,6,10-trihydroxy-3,7,11-tris(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-nonafluoroheptyloxy)triphenylene
    —— 4,4'-((((1-ethoxy-3-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)bis(propane-3,1-diyl))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(benzene-1,3-diol) 1448853-86-8 C24H36N2O7Si2
    4,4'-((((1-ethoxy-3-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)bis(propane-3,1-diyl))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(benzene-1,3-diol)
    —— 3-benzyloxy-2,4-diiodo-5-methoxyphenol 140410-37-3 C14H12I2O3
    3-benzyloxy-2,4-diiodo-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5-(3-phenoxy-propyl)-benzene-1,4-diol 139201-67-5 C17H20O4
    2-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5-(3-phenoxy-propyl)-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 3-benzyloxy-4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenol 142206-55-1 C16H18O4
    3-benzyloxy-4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenol
    —— Aethyl-dimethyl-(1-phenyl-aethyl)-ammonium-styphnat 98636-44-3 C6H2N3O8*C12H20N
    Aethyl-dimethyl-(1-phenyl-aethyl)-ammonium-styphnat
    —— 5(4H)-Isoxazolone, 3-(chloromethyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)methylene]- 1142199-55-0 C12H10ClNO4
    5(4H)-Isoxazolone, 3-(chloromethyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-
    —— 478400-83-8 C23H18FNO3
    —— 2-Benzyloxy-4-methoxy-3,6-dimethylphenol 60138-91-2 C16H18O3
    2-Benzyloxy-4-methoxy-3,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1-propanone oxime acetate 444177-51-9 C16H19N3O3
    1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1-propanone oxime acetate
    —— 2-(1-cyclohexyl-2-nitroethyl)phenol 1393820-52-4 C14H19NO3
    2-(1-cyclohexyl-2-nitroethyl)phenol
    —— 2-Allyl-6-iodo-4-methyl-phenol 73047-41-3 C10H11IO
    2-Allyl-6-iodo-4-methyl-phenol
    —— 5'-Methoxy-salicyliden-3,5-dichlor-2-amino-pyridin 73447-05-9 C13H10Cl2N2O2
    5'-Methoxy-salicyliden-3,5-dichlor-2-amino-pyridin
    —— 4-hydroxyphenylthiocarboxyhydrazide 83070-65-9 C7H8N2OS
    4-hydroxyphenylthiocarboxyhydrazide
    —— 2-Amino-4(5)-(1-hydroxyethyl)imidazol-pikrat 67560-30-9 C5H9N3O*C6H3N3O7
    2-Amino-4(5)-(1-hydroxyethyl)imidazol-pikrat
    —— 3-[4-[2-acetyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-5-yl]phenyl]oxadiazol-3-ium-5-olate 92824-44-7 C19H16N4O4
    3-[4-[2-acetyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazol-5-yl]phenyl]oxadiazol-3-ium-5-olate
    —— 3,5-dimethoxy-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenylimino)ethyl)phenol 1382679-90-4 C17H19NO4
    3,5-dimethoxy-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenylimino)ethyl)phenol
    —— N2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-fluoro-N4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 1105123-74-7 C19H26FN5O2
    N2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-fluoro-N4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine
    —— 1469817-86-4 C14H23N3O
    —— bis(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine 756896-22-7 C20H18Br4N2O2
    bis(3,5-dibromosalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine
    —— 95233-71-9 C19H31O8S*Na
    —— 6-[(2-Hydroxyanilino)methylidene]-2-{(E)-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)imino]methyl}cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 98496-94-7 C20H16N2O3
    6-[(2-Hydroxyanilino)methylidene]-2-{(E)-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)imino]methyl}cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 4-Chlor-2-<3-octadecylmercapto-3-carboxy-propionylamino>-5-methyl-phenol 103403-03-8 C29H48ClNO4S
    4-Chlor-2-<3-octadecylmercapto-3-carboxy-propionylamino>-5-methyl-phenol
    —— (1,2-ethanediamine-N,N')[2-(3',5'-dimethyl-1'-pyrazolyl)phenyl-N',C]palladium(1+) chloride monohydrate 870467-25-7 C13H19N4Pd*Cl*H2O
    (1,2-ethanediamine-N,N')[2-(3',5'-dimethyl-1'-pyrazolyl)phenyl-N',C]palladium(1+) chloride monohydrate
    —— 3-(2'-hydroxy-5'-chlorophenyl)-5-phenylisoxazole 90276-18-9 C15H10ClNO2
    3-(2'-hydroxy-5'-chlorophenyl)-5-phenylisoxazole