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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide 106825-40-5 C16H15ClN2O4
    2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— 4-methoxy-3-<(2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl>phenol 120130-10-1 C13H14N2O3
    4-methoxy-3-<(2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl>phenol
    —— 1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)decan-5-one 95301-96-5 C16H24O3
    1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)decan-5-one
    —— (S)-5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1108192-01-3 C11H12O4
    (S)-5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— ethyl (2S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanoate 1016638-55-3 C12H13F3O5
    ethyl (2S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— 2-chloro-3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid methyl ester 475999-58-7 C10H9Br2ClO3
    2-chloro-3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid methyl ester
    —— 6-Benzyloxy-3-[(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-methyl]-2-[4-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-benzo[b]thiophene 215605-76-8 C35H35NO4S
    6-Benzyloxy-3-[(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-methyl]-2-[4-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-benzo[b]thiophene
    —— 2-benzothiazol-2-ylazo-4-methoxy-phenol 41228-90-4 C14H11N3O2S
    2-benzothiazol-2-ylazo-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 1-biphenylenol 1078-07-5 C12H8O
    1-biphenylenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzenesulfonic acid 79852-04-3 C7H8O5S
    2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzenesulfonic acid
    —— 2,5-Di-n-dodecyl-hydrochinon 60236-78-4 C30H54O2
    2,5-Di-n-dodecyl-hydrochinon
    —— N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbohydrazide 351327-86-1 C11H10N4O2S
    N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbohydrazide
    —— 4-methyl-[1,2,3]thiadiazole-5-carboxylic acid (5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazide 351327-87-2 C11H9BrN4O2S
    4-methyl-[1,2,3]thiadiazole-5-carboxylic acid (5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazide
    —— 2,5-bis(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene 1430419-20-7 C16H10F2O2S
    2,5-bis(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene
    —— 5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylthiophene-2-carbaldehyde 617688-90-1 C18H12ClFO3S
    5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylthiophene-2-carbaldehyde
    —— 3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-thiophenecarbaldehyde 617688-81-0 C18H13FO3S
    3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-thiophenecarbaldehyde
    —— 5-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-thiophenecarbaldehyde 617688-84-3 C18H13FO3S
    5-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2-thiophenecarbaldehyde
    —— 3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-methylthiophene-2-carbaldehyde 617688-88-7 C19H15FO3S
    3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-methylthiophene-2-carbaldehyde
    —— 4-methoxy-2-(1-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol 95414-66-7 C12H16O2
    4-methoxy-2-(1-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol
    —— 4,6-Dichloro-3-methylcatechol 374591-33-0 C7H6Cl2O2
    4,6-Dichloro-3-methylcatechol
    —— cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl)bis(methylene)bis(2-methoxyphenol) 1335025-34-7 C22H30N2O4
    cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl)bis(methylene)bis(2-methoxyphenol)
    —— 2-amino-4-hydroxylamino-5-hydroxyl-6-nitrotoluene 220493-56-1 C7H9N3O4
    2-amino-4-hydroxylamino-5-hydroxyl-6-nitrotoluene
    —— 2,6-diethylhydroquinone 7330-81-6 C10H14O2
    2,6-diethylhydroquinone
    —— 2-hydroxy-1,3-xylyl-21-crown-6 94707-40-1 C18H28O7
    2-hydroxy-1,3-xylyl-21-crown-6
    —— 6-tert-butyl-9,18-dihydroxy[3.3]metacyclophane 1356194-35-8 C22H28O2
    6-tert-butyl-9,18-dihydroxy[3.3]metacyclophane
    —— 4-methoxy-2-(methylthio)phenol 1483-18-7 C8H10O2S
    4-methoxy-2-(methylthio)phenol
    —— 2-methanesulfonyl-4-methoxyphenol 1483-15-4 C8H10O4S
    2-methanesulfonyl-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(1E)-1-pentenyl]phenol 81677-79-4 C12H16O2
    2-methoxy-4-[(1E)-1-pentenyl]phenol
    —— 2-aminomethyl-3-methoxy-4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-chlorophenol hydrochloride 38946-41-7 C12H18ClNO2*ClH
    2-aminomethyl-3-methoxy-4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-chlorophenol hydrochloride
    —— 2-<2-hydroxy-3-(phenylthio)propyl>-4-methoxyphenol 126708-03-0 C16H18O3S
    2-<2-hydroxy-3-(phenylthio)propyl>-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene-3-(4''-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methoxyfuran-2(5H)-one 131146-37-7 C18H14O6
    5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene-3-(4''-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methoxyfuran-2(5H)-one
    —— 2-Bromo-6-(1-hydroxyprop-2-enyl)-4-nitrophenol 1253197-88-4 C9H8BrNO4
    2-Bromo-6-(1-hydroxyprop-2-enyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-<3-hydroxy-2-(phenylthio)propyl>-4-methoxyphenol 126708-12-1 C16H18O3S
    2-<3-hydroxy-2-(phenylthio)propyl>-4-methoxyphenol
    —— N'-(3-Hydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid tert-butyl ester —— C12H16N2O3
    N'-(3-Hydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 3-allyl-2-(p-hydroxyphenylimino)-4-phenyl-3H-thiazole 328106-79-2 C18H16N2OS
    3-allyl-2-(p-hydroxyphenylimino)-4-phenyl-3H-thiazole
    —— 1-dodecyl-3-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea 6942-56-9 C20H33N3OS
    1-dodecyl-3-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— methyl 3-hydroxy-4-methoxymandelate 54799-94-9 C10H12O5
    methyl 3-hydroxy-4-methoxymandelate
    —— 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzotrifluoride 1192021-48-9 C7H3ClF3NO3
    2-chloro-5-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzotrifluoride
    —— 4-chloro-2-nitro-3-trifluoromethylphenol 1192021-50-3 C7H3ClF3NO3
    4-chloro-2-nitro-3-trifluoromethylphenol
    —— 4-[[4-[(4-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methylimino]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one 3731-86-0 C20H16N2O2
    4-[[4-[(4-hydroxyanilino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methylimino]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— Phenaethylamin-pikrat 25566-62-5 C6H3N3O7*C8H11N
    Phenaethylamin-pikrat
    —— 1-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-octadecylthiourea 6947-58-6 C27H47N3O2S
    1-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-octadecylthiourea
    —— 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(phenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole 344567-19-7 C14H10N2O2S
    2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(phenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole
    —— 2-methoxy-5-{[6-(4-nitrophenyl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino}phenol 475585-18-3 C19H14N4O5
    2-methoxy-5-{[6-(4-nitrophenyl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino}phenol
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyformanilide 862794-16-9 C8H9NO3
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxyformanilide
    —— (4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-benzyl)-phenyl-sulfon 59770-87-5 C15H16O5S
    (4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-benzyl)-phenyl-sulfon
    —— <5-Chlor-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl>-isothioharnstoff 85422-95-3 C9H11ClN2O2S
    <5-Chlor-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl>-isothioharnstoff
    —— 2-methoxy-5-{[4-(4-pyridinyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino}phenol 1187668-76-3 C15H13N3O2S
    2-methoxy-5-{[4-(4-pyridinyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino}phenol
    —— (Z)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylamino)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 1379535-48-4 C19H21NO6
    (Z)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylamino)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzenecarbothioamide 1026692-44-3 C17H19NO5S
    N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzenecarbothioamide