摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5R)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-O-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-α-D-xylofuranose 124738-88-1 C15H20O6
    (5R)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-O-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-α-D-xylofuranose
    —— (5S)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-O-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-α-D-xylofuranose 124738-87-0 C15H20O6
    (5S)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-O-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-α-D-xylofuranose
    —— 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde guanylhydrazone 15996-57-3 C8H9ClN4O
    5-chlorosalicylaldehyde guanylhydrazone
    —— (E)-1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-3-thiophen-2-yl-propenone 51956-77-5 C14H12O2S
    (E)-1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-3-thiophen-2-yl-propenone
    —— 2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-hydroxymethylbenzaldehyde 84018-87-1 C8H8O5
    2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-hydroxymethylbenzaldehyde
    —— 3-(2-furyl)-1-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-2-propen-1-one 40664-94-6 C14H12O3
    3-(2-furyl)-1-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-2-propen-1-one
    —— 4-(3-amino-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-2,6-dimethylphenol 1321513-22-7 C17H16N4O
    4-(3-amino-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-(3-amino-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-2-chlorophenol 1321513-23-8 C15H11ClN4O
    4-(3-amino-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-2-chlorophenol
    —— ethyl (2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropanoate 1016638-56-4 C11H11F3O5
    ethyl (2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropanoate
    —— 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde 20286-84-4 C13H19NO3
    2-hydroxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2,6-bis<N-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-N-methylaminomethyl>-4-nitrophenol 121836-26-8 C14H23N3O5
    2,6-bis<N-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-N-methylaminomethyl>-4-nitrophenol
    —— ethyl 4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate 246219-29-4 C12H15BrO3
    ethyl 4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate
    —— (Z)-5-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2,3-dimethyl-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one 1338081-21-2 C13H14N2O3
    (Z)-5-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2,3-dimethyl-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one
    —— 5-Methylvanillylalkohol 37987-18-1 C9H12O3
    5-Methylvanillylalkohol
    —— 4-phenyldimethylsilylphenole 74027-99-9 C14H16OSi
    4-phenyldimethylsilylphenole
    —— 4-chloro-3-trimethylsilanylphenol 1004322-73-9 C9H13ClOSi
    4-chloro-3-trimethylsilanylphenol
    —— 2-bromo-5-methoxy-3-[(Z)-pentadec-10-enyl]phenol 148808-18-8 C22H35BrO2
    2-bromo-5-methoxy-3-[(Z)-pentadec-10-enyl]phenol
    —— 4-<3-(1-pyrazolyl)propyl>phenol hydrochloride 88670-70-6 C12H14N2O*ClH
    4-<3-(1-pyrazolyl)propyl>phenol hydrochloride
    —— 1-(4-propylcyclohexyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane 133151-86-7 C17H26O
    1-(4-propylcyclohexyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane
    —— 2-Hydroxy-acetophenon-(dimethyl-hydrazon) 5757-89-1 C10H14N2O
    2-Hydroxy-acetophenon-(dimethyl-hydrazon)
    —— tris(3-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl)amine 1226976-99-3 C36H51NO6
    tris(3-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl)amine
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1-methylcyclohex-2-ene 142688-23-1 C14H18O
    1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1-methylcyclohex-2-ene
    —— 4-nitro-2,6-bis(pyrrolidin-1'-ylmethyl)phenol 121836-29-1 C16H23N3O3
    4-nitro-2,6-bis(pyrrolidin-1'-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxan-5-yl)-5-methyl-phenol 896745-82-7 C13H18O3
    2-(2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxan-5-yl)-5-methyl-phenol
    —— Ethyl 3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethoxypropanoate 544478-45-7 C13H16Br2O4
    Ethyl 3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethoxypropanoate
    —— 1-(5''-hydroxy-2''-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)butane 144849-34-3 C19H24O4
    1-(5''-hydroxy-2''-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)butane
    —— 5-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-4-merthoxy-2-methylphenol 137290-86-9 C10H15NO3
    5-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-4-merthoxy-2-methylphenol
    —— Ethyl 3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethoxypropanoate 544478-44-6 C13H17BrO4
    Ethyl 3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethoxypropanoate
    —— 4-(2-{(1R,2R,3R)-3-Hydroxy-2-[(E)-(S)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-but-1-enyl]-5-oxo-cyclopentyl}-ethylsulfanyl)-butyric acid methyl ester 256382-09-9 C23H32O6S
    4-(2-{(1R,2R,3R)-3-Hydroxy-2-[(E)-(S)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-but-1-enyl]-5-oxo-cyclopentyl}-ethylsulfanyl)-butyric acid methyl ester
    —— 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methylbenzaldehyde 777090-48-9 C9H9ClO3
    3-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methylbenzaldehyde
    —— 4-trifluoromethoxy-2-(α-hydroxyethyl)phenol 146575-63-5 C9H9F3O3
    4-trifluoromethoxy-2-(α-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 2-Chloro-3-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione 180912-30-5 C16H15ClO6
    2-Chloro-3-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
    —— 4-Aethoxyresorcinol 55085-14-8 C8H10O3
    4-Aethoxyresorcinol
    —— α-tert.-Butylaminomethyl-4-hydroxy-3-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)benzylalkohol 63296-03-7 C14H23NO4
    α-tert.-Butylaminomethyl-4-hydroxy-3-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)benzylalkohol
    —— 4-{(2R)-2-[({(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl}amino)methyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl}benzoic acid 437764-38-0 C29H33NO6
    4-{(2R)-2-[({(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl}amino)methyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl}benzoic acid
    —— 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzene 174460-92-5 C11H16O2
    1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzene
    —— 4-chloro-6-pentyl-resorcinol 99858-01-2 C11H15ClO2
    4-chloro-6-pentyl-resorcinol
    —— 2-amino-3,4,5-trimethylphenol 114997-86-3 C9H13NO
    2-amino-3,4,5-trimethylphenol
    —— 2,15-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,3,14,16-tetrathia-cyclohexacosane 124120-88-3 C36H56O4S4
    2,15-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,3,14,16-tetrathia-cyclohexacosane
    —— (4-ethyl-1,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydro-benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-3-yl)-acetic acid 1265355-04-1 C11H13BO5
    (4-ethyl-1,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydro-benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-3-yl)-acetic acid
    —— 3-[1-(Pyrid-2-yl-Methyl)4-Piperidinylamino]-1-(4-Hydroxy-Phenoxy)-2-Propanol 252578-07-7 C20H27N3O3
    3-[1-(Pyrid-2-yl-Methyl)4-Piperidinylamino]-1-(4-Hydroxy-Phenoxy)-2-Propanol
    —— diethyl (hydroxy(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl)phosphonate 204130-59-6 C11H16NO7P
    diethyl (hydroxy(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl)phosphonate
    —— [4-(2-hydroxy(213C)ethyl)phenyl] acetate 208644-96-6 C10H12O3
    [4-(2-hydroxy(213C)ethyl)phenyl] acetate
    —— [8-13C]-4-hydroxyphenylethanol 208644-95-5 C8H10O2
    [8-13C]-4-hydroxyphenylethanol
    —— (S)-5-<(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzamido)methyl>-1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone 145351-55-9 C15H18Cl2N2O4
    (S)-5-<(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzamido)methyl>-1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone
    —— (1E,3E,5E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene 1206103-29-8 C20H20O3
    (1E,3E,5E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene
    —— 5-{[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)amino]methylene}-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione 205448-27-7 C14H15NO6
    5-{[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)amino]methylene}-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-butanol-(1) 19143-97-6 C11H16O2
    4-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-butanol-(1)
    —— 4-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 83521-70-4 C9H10O2S2
    4-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (Z,Z)-5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-isopropylimino-3-phenyl-thiazolidin-4-one 1228117-20-1 C19H18N2O3S
    (Z,Z)-5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-isopropylimino-3-phenyl-thiazolidin-4-one