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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-methylsulfanyl-4-nitro-phenol 771-94-8 C7H7NO3S
    3-methylsulfanyl-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 2-methylthio-5-nitrophenol 772-42-9 C7H7NO3S
    2-methylthio-5-nitrophenol
    —— 2-(2,2-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)ethyl)phenol 1360543-91-4 C10H8F6O5S2
    2-(2,2-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)ethyl)phenol
    —— 4-(2,2-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)ethyl)phenol 1360543-89-0 C10H8F6O5S2
    4-(2,2-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)ethyl)phenol
    —— 2-O-methyl-1-O-((2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy)phenyl))ethyl glycerin 128401-04-7 C15H24O6
    2-O-methyl-1-O-((2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy)phenyl))ethyl glycerin
    —— 5-[[3,5-Bis[(4-ethenylphenyl)methoxy]phenyl]methoxy]-3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde 360784-98-1 C36H36O5
    5-[[3,5-Bis[(4-ethenylphenyl)methoxy]phenyl]methoxy]-3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-1-t-butyl-benzol 26037-86-5 C12H18O3
    2-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-1-t-butyl-benzol
    —— tert-butyl-2-methoxyphenol 18515-07-6 C11H16O2
    tert-butyl-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-Benzyloxy-2,6-bis-morpholinomethyl-phenol 95434-45-0 C23H30N2O4
    4-Benzyloxy-2,6-bis-morpholinomethyl-phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzylalkohol 7452-08-6 C9H12O3
    2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzylalkohol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)propanoate 53937-20-5 C10H11IO3
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)propanoate
    —— 4-cyano-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran 179420-74-7 C12H13NO2
    4-cyano-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran
    —— (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzyl)-methylaether 60824-65-9 C10H14O3
    (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzyl)-methylaether
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-6-phenylhexane 113795-46-3 C18H22O
    1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-6-phenylhexane
    —— ethyl 6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)hexanoate 1365836-17-4 C14H20O4
    ethyl 6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)hexanoate
    —— 2,5,6-tribromovanillin 854873-00-0 C8H5Br3O3
    2,5,6-tribromovanillin
    —— 2-<(p-hydroxyphenyl)methyl>-4-methylimidazole 102151-86-0 C11H12N2O
    2-<(p-hydroxyphenyl)methyl>-4-methylimidazole
    —— 4-bromo-2-<2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl>-5-(trifluoromethyl)imidazole 102151-98-4 C11H11BrN2O
    4-bromo-2-<2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl>-5-(trifluoromethyl)imidazole
    —— 2-<2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl>-4-(2-thienyl)imidazole 102151-95-1 C15H14N2OS
    2-<2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl>-4-(2-thienyl)imidazole
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)acetamide 22446-14-6 C8H9NO3
    2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)acetamide
    —— 4-{[2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl]-[1,2,4]triazol-4-yl-amino}benzonitrile 537674-31-0 C17H15N5O2
    4-{[2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl]-[1,2,4]triazol-4-yl-amino}benzonitrile
    —— N-<2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl>acetamide 140662-59-5 C10H13NO3
    N-<2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl>acetamide
    —— 4-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitrophenol 889939-22-4 C6H3BrFNO3
    4-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitrophenol
    —— 3-Tert-butyl-4-dodecoxyphenol 140466-95-1 C22H38O2
    3-Tert-butyl-4-dodecoxyphenol
    —— 3-dodecyloxy-2-methoxyphenol 130442-18-1 C19H32O3
    3-dodecyloxy-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-methoxy-3-propylphenol 141989-05-1 C10H14O2
    4-methoxy-3-propylphenol
    —— 2-ethyl-4-tetradecylphenol 118469-77-5 C22H38O
    2-ethyl-4-tetradecylphenol
    —— 2-Tert-butyl-4-dodecoxyphenol 3251-44-3 C22H38O2
    2-Tert-butyl-4-dodecoxyphenol
    —— 3,5-bis(mercaptomethyl)phenol 135990-07-7 C8H10OS2
    3,5-bis(mercaptomethyl)phenol
    —— diethyl (5-methyl-2-thienyl)-(4-hydroxy-1-phenyl)-methyl-phosphonate 141191-30-2 C16H21O4PS
    diethyl (5-methyl-2-thienyl)-(4-hydroxy-1-phenyl)-methyl-phosphonate
    —— [(E)-5-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)pent-2-enyl] methyl carbonate 593251-66-2 C13H15FO4
    [(E)-5-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)pent-2-enyl] methyl carbonate
    —— (cyclohexyl)-4-hydroxyphenylmethanol 263256-74-2 C13H18O2
    (cyclohexyl)-4-hydroxyphenylmethanol
    —— 4-<2-Hydroxy-phenyl>-3-methyl-but-3-en-saeure 91142-96-0 C11H12O3
    4-<2-Hydroxy-phenyl>-3-methyl-but-3-en-saeure
    —— 4-methyl-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino]methylphenol 1153622-42-4 C12H14N2O2
    4-methyl-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino]methylphenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino]methylphenol 1153622-51-5 C11H11BrN2O2
    4-bromo-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino]methylphenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino]methylphenol 1153622-45-7 C12H14N2O3
    4-methoxy-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino]methylphenol
    —— 2,5,5-trimethyl-2-(3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-1-oxyl 124189-97-5 C13H16N3O6
    2,5,5-trimethyl-2-(3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-1-oxyl
    —— cladoacetal A 443999-21-1 C12H12O3
    cladoacetal A
    —— 5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(hex-5-enoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1094618-94-6 C72H104O12
    5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(hex-5-enoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 3-methyl-4-anilinophenol 17654-13-6 C13H13NO
    3-methyl-4-anilinophenol
    —— 4-ethoxy-fluorophenol 1196486-63-1 C8H9FO2
    4-ethoxy-fluorophenol
    —— 2-(2,2-Dichlorocyclopropyl)phenol 52178-83-3 C9H8Cl2O
    2-(2,2-Dichlorocyclopropyl)phenol
    —— 4-benzyloxy-2,5-di-t-butylphenol 223134-07-4 C21H28O2
    4-benzyloxy-2,5-di-t-butylphenol
    —— 1-(p-Hydroxyphenoxy)-3-(tert.-butylamino)-2-propanol 62734-30-9 C13H21NO3
    1-(p-Hydroxyphenoxy)-3-(tert.-butylamino)-2-propanol
    —— N-ethoxythiocarbonyl-4-hydroxy-benzylamine 198898-38-3 C10H13NO2S
    N-ethoxythiocarbonyl-4-hydroxy-benzylamine
    —— 4-methoxymethoxy-3,5-dimethylphenol 223133-22-0 C10H14O3
    4-methoxymethoxy-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 2-chloro-4-methoxymethoxy-3,5-dimethylphenol 223133-20-8 C10H13ClO3
    2-chloro-4-methoxymethoxy-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-methoxymethoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenol 223133-10-6 C11H16O3
    4-methoxymethoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenol
    —— 4-Chloro-2-(5-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)phenol 86176-54-7 C10H10ClNO3
    4-Chloro-2-(5-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— (+/-)-prenalterol 62340-37-8 C12H19NO3*H
    (+/-)-prenalterol