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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-{2-[(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}benzene-1,2-diol 733801-78-0 C17H16N2O2S
    4-{2-[(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2,6-Dihydroxyphenoxy-radikal 54560-53-1 C6H5O3
    2,6-Dihydroxyphenoxy-radikal
    —— 4-(5-amino-4-methylisothiazol-3-yl)phenol 1050392-36-3 C10H10N2OS
    4-(5-amino-4-methylisothiazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— 4-[bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]phenol 502158-53-4 C11H10N6O
    4-[bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]phenol
    —— 4-(Triallylsilyl)phenol 206276-09-7 C15H20OSi
    4-(Triallylsilyl)phenol
    —— 5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione 1452877-29-0 C15H16O7
    5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione
    —— <i>N</i>-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-stearamide 101940-29-8 C25H43NO2
    <i>N</i>-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-stearamide
    —— 1-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-difluorobenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazole-2-thione 95333-60-1 C10H8F2N2OS
    1-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-difluorobenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazole-2-thione
    —— 20-Methyltetracyclo[15.4.0.03,8.010,15]henicosa-1(17),3,5,7,10,12,14,18,20-nonaene-5,6,12,13,19-pentol 164929-01-5 C22H20O5
    20-Methyltetracyclo[15.4.0.03,8.010,15]henicosa-1(17),3,5,7,10,12,14,18,20-nonaene-5,6,12,13,19-pentol
    —— 3-undecyl-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetraol 850878-20-5 C17H28O4
    3-undecyl-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetraol
    —— 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide 106825-49-4 C18H17ClN2O5S
    2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide
    —— 2-<2-Hydroxy-benzyl>-furan 91344-47-7 C11H10O2
    2-<2-Hydroxy-benzyl>-furan
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanol 51941-34-5 C10H14O3
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanol
    —— 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide 1191380-43-4 C19H19ClN2O5S
    2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-phenoxy-but-2-yn-1-one 154810-59-0 C17H14O4
    1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-phenoxy-but-2-yn-1-one
    —— (2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-methanesulfonic acid 107951-25-7 C8H10O4S
    (2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-methanesulfonic acid
    —— 2,6-dipentylphenol 116374-97-1 C16H26O
    2,6-dipentylphenol
    —— 4-(4,5-dihydro-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol 3314-44-1 C15H14N2O
    4-(4,5-dihydro-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— Pyrocatechol, 4-(2-(N-allylphenethylamino)ethyl)-, fumarate (1:1) 70045-08-8 C23H27NO6
    Pyrocatechol, 4-(2-(N-allylphenethylamino)ethyl)-, fumarate (1:1)
    —— 3-hydroxy-2-nitro-benzenesulfonic acid amide 855426-17-4 C6H6N2O5S
    3-hydroxy-2-nitro-benzenesulfonic acid amide
    —— Pyrocatechol, 4-(2-(N-methylphenethylamino)ethyl)-, fumarate (2:1) 70044-85-8 C38H46N2O8
    Pyrocatechol, 4-(2-(N-methylphenethylamino)ethyl)-, fumarate (2:1)
    —— 1H-Imidazole-1-butanoic acid, 4,5-dihydro-4-((3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylene)-2-methyl-5-oxo- 73043-37-5 C16H18N2O5
    1H-Imidazole-1-butanoic acid, 4,5-dihydro-4-((3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylene)-2-methyl-5-oxo-
    —— (Z,Z)-3-(heptadeca-8',11'-dienyl)benzene-1,2-diol 54954-21-1 C23H36O2
    (Z,Z)-3-(heptadeca-8',11'-dienyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-butyl-6-pentylphenol 116375-04-3 C15H24O
    2-butyl-6-pentylphenol
    —— 2-heptyl-6-pentylphenol 116375-05-4 C18H30O
    2-heptyl-6-pentylphenol
    —— 4H-Imidazol-4-one, 3,5-dihydro-5-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)-2-methyl-3-(5-propyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)- 76834-53-2 C17H18N4O3S
    4H-Imidazol-4-one, 3,5-dihydro-5-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)-2-methyl-3-(5-propyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-
    —— 5-((3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylene)selenazolidine-2,4-dione 82085-55-0 C11H9NO4Se
    5-((3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylene)selenazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3-methoxyphenol 402469-27-6 C13H22O3Si
    4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-((4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)selenazolidine-2,4-dione 82085-56-1 C11H9NO4Se
    5-((4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)selenazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 5-((5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene)selenazolidine-2,4-dione 82085-58-3 C10H6BrNO3Se
    5-((5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene)selenazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2,4-Selenazolidinedione, 5-salicylidene- 82085-57-2 C10H7NO3Se
    2,4-Selenazolidinedione, 5-salicylidene-
    —— 4-((3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((phenylthio)methyl)phenyl)methylene)-1-phenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione 107788-21-6 C23H18N2O4S
    4-((3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((phenylthio)methyl)phenyl)methylene)-1-phenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione
    —— 6,6'-(2-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)propane-1,3-diyl)bis(azanediyl)bis(methylene)bis(2-methoxyphenol) 1345342-25-7 C25H31N3O4
    6,6'-(2-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)propane-1,3-diyl)bis(azanediyl)bis(methylene)bis(2-methoxyphenol)
    —— 1-(2-ethoxy-2-methoxyethyl)-4-hydroxybenzene 1097200-04-8 C11H16O3
    1-(2-ethoxy-2-methoxyethyl)-4-hydroxybenzene
    —— 3.3'-Dihydroxy-4.4'-dimethoxybenzalazin 15332-12-4 C16H16N2O4
    3.3'-Dihydroxy-4.4'-dimethoxybenzalazin
    —— methyl (3,4-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 936328-57-3 C9H8F2O3
    methyl (3,4-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— methyl 2-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 936327-76-3 C9H9FO3
    methyl 2-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 2-(2-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol 117658-53-4 C12H16O2
    2-(2-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2,6-di(trideuteromethyl)-4-cyanophenol 1316315-42-0 C9H9NO
    2,6-di(trideuteromethyl)-4-cyanophenol
    —— 4-bromo-2,6-[(2)H6]dimethylphenol 1316315-41-9 C8H9BrO
    4-bromo-2,6-[(2)H6]dimethylphenol
    —— 4-(2-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol 117658-54-5 C12H16O2
    4-(2-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3-Methyl-2-butenyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-pentadienoate 144055-32-3 C17H20O4
    3-Methyl-2-butenyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-pentadienoate
    —— 4-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-nitrophenol 21078-24-0 C11H16N2O3
    4-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 2-(tetrahydro-2H-puran-2-yl)phenol 40324-54-7 C11H14O2
    2-(tetrahydro-2H-puran-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl (2R,3S,4S)-3-formyl-3,4-dihydro-4-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate 1307792-71-7 C19H22O7
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl (2R,3S,4S)-3-formyl-3,4-dihydro-4-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate
    —— 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexen-1-yl]acetamide 937716-76-2 C14H14F3NO2
    2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexen-1-yl]acetamide
    —— 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexen-1-yl]acetamide 937716-77-3 C14H14F3NO2
    2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexen-1-yl]acetamide
    —— 4-(1-Butylpentyl)-phenol 6465-76-5 C15H24O
    4-(1-Butylpentyl)-phenol
    —— 4-ethyl-5,6-dimethyl-resorcinol 854854-53-8 C10H14O2
    4-ethyl-5,6-dimethyl-resorcinol
    —— (E)-2',6'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystyryl-4-methoxy-3-aminobenzylsulfone 1330633-72-1 C18H21NO6S
    (E)-2',6'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystyryl-4-methoxy-3-aminobenzylsulfone