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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 13-Hydroxy-10-nitro-2-oxabicyclo<9.4.0>pentadeca-1(11),12,14-trien-3-on 105950-15-0 C14H17NO5
    13-Hydroxy-10-nitro-2-oxabicyclo<9.4.0>pentadeca-1(11),12,14-trien-3-on
    —— 1,2,3-Benzenetriol, 4-(3-methyl-7H-1,2,4-triazolo(3,4-b)(1,3,4)thiadiazin-6-yl)-, monohydrochloride 69560-92-5 C11H11ClN4O3S
    1,2,3-Benzenetriol, 4-(3-methyl-7H-1,2,4-triazolo(3,4-b)(1,3,4)thiadiazin-6-yl)-, monohydrochloride
    —— 3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)tetrahydropyran-4-one 405313-49-7 C19H16O6
    3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)tetrahydropyran-4-one
    —— 4-[(E)-Allyliminomethyl]-phenol 56896-71-0 C10H11NO
    4-[(E)-Allyliminomethyl]-phenol
    —— 2-Isopropyl-4,6-dimethyl-1,3,5-benzoltriol 100306-41-0 C11H16O3
    2-Isopropyl-4,6-dimethyl-1,3,5-benzoltriol
    —— (E)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-11-phenylundec-4-en-3-one 1360875-04-2 C23H28O2
    (E)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-11-phenylundec-4-en-3-one
    —— 5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-11-phenylundecan-3-one 1360874-98-1 C24H32O4
    5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-11-phenylundecan-3-one
    —— methyl 2-methoxyimino-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 66340-53-2 C10H11NO4
    methyl 2-methoxyimino-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 3-Hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazole 76170-13-3 C9H7NO3
    3-Hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazole
    —— 5-(6-Hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydrofuro[3,2-g]chromen-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 102841-46-3 C19H20O5
    5-(6-Hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydrofuro[3,2-g]chromen-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (4Z)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 1333126-39-8 C19H17ClN2O4
    (4Z)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1-bis[(R)-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyloxazoline-2-yl]-ethane 1374335-00-8 C26H24N2O3
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1-bis[(R)-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyloxazoline-2-yl]-ethane
    —— 2-heptadecyl-6-methoxyphenol 134284-28-9 C24H42O2
    2-heptadecyl-6-methoxyphenol
    —— (2S)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutanal 479495-46-0 C11H14O2
    (2S)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutanal
    —— Cobalt, ((alpha,alpha'-(ethylenedinitrilo)di-o-cresolato)(2-))(pyridine)-, stereoisomer 30227-50-0 C21H21CoN3O2+3
    Cobalt, ((alpha,alpha'-(ethylenedinitrilo)di-o-cresolato)(2-))(pyridine)-, stereoisomer
    —— 1-[3-[[2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enyl]methoxymethyl]-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enyl]-N,N-dimethyl-methanamine; picric acid 7497-33-8 C28H39N5O8
    1-[3-[[2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enyl]methoxymethyl]-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enyl]-N,N-dimethyl-methanamine; picric acid
    —— Cyclopentanone, 2,5-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)methylene]-, (2E,5E)- 672327-35-4 C19H16O7
    Cyclopentanone, 2,5-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)methylene]-, (2E,5E)-
    —— 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole picrate 7460-30-2 C2H4N4*C6H3N3O7
    3-amino-1,2,4-triazole picrate
    —— 2,5-dianilino-3,6-dichloro-hydroquinone 101716-14-7 C18H14Cl2N2O2
    2,5-dianilino-3,6-dichloro-hydroquinone
    —— 1,4-dihydroxy-2,5-di(methylamino)benzene 787511-60-8 C8H12N2O2
    1,4-dihydroxy-2,5-di(methylamino)benzene
    —— 4-Allyl-benzene-1,2,3-triol 58169-21-4 C9H10O3
    4-Allyl-benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-1-heptadecyl-benzol 96850-26-9 C23H40O
    2-Hydroxy-1-heptadecyl-benzol
    —— 25,27-{2,2'-[2,2'-((2,5,8-triaza)nonyl)diphenoxyl]diethyl}-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene 189892-51-1 C66H85N3O6
    25,27-{2,2'-[2,2'-((2,5,8-triaza)nonyl)diphenoxyl]diethyl}-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene
    —— 2-Nitro-4-sec-pentylphenol 91247-91-5 C11H15NO3
    2-Nitro-4-sec-pentylphenol
    —— (2S,3R)-3-tert-Butoxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzylamino)-butyric acid 166881-52-3 C16H25NO5
    (2S,3R)-3-tert-Butoxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzylamino)-butyric acid
    —— 2-[2-(2-hydroxyethyl)but-3-ynyl]phenol 1426384-70-4 C12H14O2
    2-[2-(2-hydroxyethyl)but-3-ynyl]phenol
    —— 3-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl acetate 662138-32-1 C8H7NO5
    3-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl acetate
    —— 1-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazine 10335-61-2 C12H11N3O
    1-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazine
    —— 4-Butoxy-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol 55955-89-0 C13H21NO2
    4-Butoxy-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol
    —— 4-hydroxysalicylaldehyde-2-pyridylhydrazone —— C12H11N3O2
    4-hydroxysalicylaldehyde-2-pyridylhydrazone
    —— 5-[(3R,3aR,4R,6aS,8R,9bR)-3,6,8-trimethyl-2,3a,4,6a,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-3H-benzo[de]quinolin-4-yl]benzene-1,3-diol 936368-39-7 C21H27NO2
    5-[(3R,3aR,4R,6aS,8R,9bR)-3,6,8-trimethyl-2,3a,4,6a,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-3H-benzo[de]quinolin-4-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-(2-aminopropoxy)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylphenol hydrochloride 1237512-83-2 C11H17NO3*ClH
    4-(2-aminopropoxy)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylphenol hydrochloride
    —— 4-(2-aminopropoxy)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylphenol acetate 1237512-84-3 C2H4O2*C11H17NO3
    4-(2-aminopropoxy)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylphenol acetate
    —— 4,5-bis[2-(ethyloxycarbonyl)ethyl]catechol 217975-35-4 C16H22O6
    4,5-bis[2-(ethyloxycarbonyl)ethyl]catechol
    —— 2-nitro-6-([1,2,4]triazol-4-ylimino-methyl)-phenol 35546-56-6 C9H7N5O3
    2-nitro-6-([1,2,4]triazol-4-ylimino-methyl)-phenol
    —— 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[2-hydroxy-2-[(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]- 93128-02-0 C11H17NO3
    1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[2-hydroxy-2-[(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-
    —— 4-[3-(Tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol 132178-18-8 C13H20FNO4
    4-[3-(Tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-(3-tert-Butylamino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-benzene-1,2-diol 64309-38-2 C13H21NO4
    4-(3-tert-Butylamino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 5-chloro-2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde 73275-96-4 C7H5ClO3
    5-chloro-2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde
    —— (R)-3-(4-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-benzyl)-1-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-5-yl)-pyrrolidin-2-one 955406-34-5 C20H25N3O2
    (R)-3-(4-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-benzyl)-1-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazol-5-yl)-pyrrolidin-2-one
    —— N'-[(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide 327987-95-1 C13H10N4O4
    N'-[(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-methylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide
    —— (R)-N-isopropyl-1-cyano-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cycloprop-2-enecarboxamide 1268853-78-6 C14H14N2O2
    (R)-N-isopropyl-1-cyano-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cycloprop-2-enecarboxamide
    —— ethyl (R)-1-cyano-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cycloprop-2-enecarboxylate 1268853-79-7 C13H11NO3
    ethyl (R)-1-cyano-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cycloprop-2-enecarboxylate
    —— 3-(3-methyl-3-phenylcyclobut-1-enyl)phenol 1235453-96-9 C17H16O
    3-(3-methyl-3-phenylcyclobut-1-enyl)phenol
    —— 2-ethylsulfonylmethylphenol 53380-27-1 C9H12O3S
    2-ethylsulfonylmethylphenol
    —— 1-benzyl-3,4-bis((3-hydroxyphenyl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione 1380307-83-4 C27H17NO4
    1-benzyl-3,4-bis((3-hydroxyphenyl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione
    —— o-Hydroxybutyrophenonoxim 21667-43-6 C10H13NO2
    o-Hydroxybutyrophenonoxim
    —— 5-{amino[1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]methyl}-2-methoxyphenol 1268445-64-2 C16H15N5O4
    5-{amino[1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]methyl}-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(5,7-Dimethoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]oxathiin-2-yl)-benzene-1,2-diol 865541-38-4 C16H16O5S
    4-(5,7-Dimethoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]oxathiin-2-yl)-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenylnonylketoxim 71491-29-7 C17H27NO2
    2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenylnonylketoxim